Utilização de contos de fadas e atividades simbólicas na compreensão de crianças vítimas de violência

Abstract

Based on an ecological perspective from a multifactorial analysis of the domestic violence phenomenon and on theories that consider the importance of the Fairy-Tales in the infantile emotional development, this research was proposed with a group of children who were victims of domestic violence. The main objectives of this study were: describing the impact of Fairy-Tales narratives at the emergence of latent emotional contents from the playful sequential actions and from the verbalizations of the participants; setting considerations on the context in which the child grows up from an ecological view about the phenomenon and identifying elements that offer evidences of contributions of a storytelling program and of playful activities for the emotional development of children in a violence context. The research had a qualitative character, being itself as a case study. Semi-structured interviews were done with the people who took care of the children and with people legally in charge of them and interventions with the group such as sessions of storytelling and symbolic activities took place. To collect the data, the sessions were recorded on video and, as a complementary form of register, a Field Diary was made. The interviews with the adults legally in charge of the children were recorded on audio. To analyze and treat the data, a content and thematic analysis system was used, being the texts and images dismembered in register units. As theoretical basis, the researcher used the ecological theory of human development by Urie Bronfenbrenner, taking into consideration the process of exchange that occur inside and between the systems built by the individuals, and the psychoanalysis of the understanding of the oral narratives impact at the emotional development of each child. The results of the research pointed to the familiar microsystem (intergenerational transmission), exosystem, mesosystem and macrosystem as risk factors to the development of children and to the domestic violence installation. In relation to the storytelling activities, the imaginary world was structured around the elements offered by the tales, and, at the same time, it condensed some aspects of the child s life story. The compiled data suggest that the oral narratives can act as a support, mixing in themselves the elements repertory that awakes in children the contents related to the personal experiences. These elements build the imaginary world and the playful actions, providing, occasionally, the expression of the experienced violence