Geração de energia elétrica excedente no setor sucroalcooleiro: entraves estruturais e custos de transação.
Abstract
Given the estimated potential of electric energy generation around 18
thousand MW and the necessity to expand and diversify the installed national capacity
of energy generation, this dissertation investigates the reasons for the low performance
in the exploitation of the investment opportunities in electric energy commercialization
by the sugarcane sector. With this purpose, the research presents a diagnosis of the main
structural obstacles and transaction costs present in the generation of electric energy
surpluses, showing the importance of the institutions in the decision of expansion of the
activity by the sugarcane sector. The results were contrasted with the proposal of
governmental energy policy for incentive this activity. It was verified the necessity of
improvement in the current institutional environment. The main contribution of the
dissertation was to present directives to public policies. These directives focus the
financing for the expansion of the activity; the commercialization of the excesses; the
tax incentive; and the concession of direct subsidies to the expansion of the activity.
The directives related to financing were: official lines differentiated by
technology use, index of mechanization and scale; the Ethical Fund Formation for the
sector; and projects finance involving Emissions Reduction Certificate. Regarding
commercialization, directives were: subvention to the transport tariffs; the extension of
the universe of potentially free consumers; formation of trading pools and inclusion in
the Energy Replacement Mechanism; the insertion of the sugarcane energy in the
composition of Factor X and in the National Energy Reserve; changes in the retailers'
auto-supplement; and incentive to the commercialization of energy surpluses and of
Emissions Reduction Certificates. Directives related to tax incentive were also
presented. Regarding direct subsidies, it is interesting the use of the resources that come
from the Use of Public Good and Fuel Consume Account to foster the expansion of the
energy surpluses commercialization.