Integração vertical, concentração e exclusão na citricultura paulista.

Abstract

This work presents a study regarding the strategy adopted for the processing concentrated orange juice companies to produce in proper orchards. It is treated to analyze the vertical integration process, that it occurs from the end of 80´s and that goes to provoke several changes in the interior of the citric network. The objective established here is to discuss the strategy of the companies, searching to understand what role is performed by the land, while it assumes not only the function of asset of capital, but of liquid asset too. Considering the characteristics of the land market in Brazil, that functions without restrictions and privileges who get more financial resources, and also that the land fulfills the function of value reserve, this analyze becomes important, as that vertical integration necessarily involves the land purchase. The hypothesis raised of that the land (while liquid active) fulfill influence in the enterprise strategy, mainly because it initiates in a period of economical instability, that favors the land purchase as a safe form to apply resources. At the same time, the institutional environment is favorable and the companies strategy does not find any type of restriction, formal or informal, in what refers to the lands purchase. The citrus complex is studied through the policy networks, the enterprises actions are looked through resouce-based perspective and dynamic capability and the institutional environment is used because is considered that the system regulation is important to define his dynamics. To the long of the work it is presented information that demonstrate the crisis of the orange producers and the process of exclusion what initiated after the changes of the 90 s, and that had beginning with the strategy of the industry in produce in self orchards. In the conclusion it is evidenced the importance of the land, wich convert in companies power resource, as well as the institutional environment importance in the decision of vertical integration for the processing concentrated orange juice companies.