Estudos citogenéticos em espécies da família Paradontidae (Actinopterygii: Characiformes), com enfoque no papel dos DNAs repetitivos na evolução cariotípica do grupo

Abstract

Parodontidae is organized in three genera according to their morphological characteristics: Parodon, Saccodon and Apareiodon. The diploid number is conserved in this group with 2n=54 chromosomes, with species without heteromorphic sex chromosomes systems and other with sex chromosomes system, with female heterogamety, ZZ/ZW or ZZ/ZW1W2. Studies of chromosome localization using repetitive DNAs chromosomes of species show possible origin, differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes in Parodontidae. However, further studies using repeats DNAs are fundamental for a better comprehension of its pathway genomic structural or functional. In this study were described the chromosome location of the (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n sequences in eight species of Parodontidae, with aim to evaluate the probable mechanisms of chromosomal diversification, especially those related to molecular differentiation of W chromosome. Also were mapped 16 microsatellites sequences in five species of the family to check the accumulation of the repetitive DNAs in the chromosomes and verify its performance in the karyotype and sex chromosomes differentiation. Yet, partial sequences of the histone H1, H3 and H4 were determined and had chromosomal localization in six species of Parodontidae. The data show two H1 sequences in Parodontidae genomes, herein called H1 partial and H1+ ERV, in addition to partial sequences for the genes H3 and H4. The chromosomal localization of histone genes show H1, H3 and H4 in main cluster and the presence of the orphans genes for H1 + ERV. Hence, this study provide some advances in the understanding of the repetitive DNA mechanism in the karyotypic differentiation and evolution in the family Parodontidae.