Estudo da ampliação da matriz energética solar brasileira: demandas, potencialidades e desafios

Abstract

Brazil has almost 45% of its energy matrix originating from renewable sources, with the hydroelectric source being largely responsible for this share. However, this leads to a dependence on this type of source that is subject to rainfall variations and periods of drought, as has already happened and will happen due to climate change. In this context, it is important to diversify the matrix to bring greater energy security, which can be obtained by renewable sources, such as solar energy, whose solar irradiation rates in the country are high and with sufficient values for the expansion of distributed and centralized generation of photovoltaic systems. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the potentialities, demands and challenges for the expansion of solar energy through a literature review on these aspects. The aspects addressed are related to transmission infrastructure, regulations and the social, environmental and economic impacts of these systems. It was observed that there are several advantages and disadvantages when it comes to centralized and distributed generation and that it is a subject in which there is much room for discussion between government agencies, distributors, consumers and companies, as it is a recent subject in Brazil.