Regeneração natural em plantio florestal por semeadura direta

Abstract

The United Nations (UN) has declared the period from 2021 to 2030 as the decade of Ecosystem Restoration, which aims to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems around the world. Forest restoration aims to reestablish biologically viable forests that are capable of self-perpetuating without the need to depend on constant human interventions. Ecological restoration must repair multiple facets of an ecosystem, including its composition, structure, and function. There is a need to evaluate the results of forest restoration, and to monitor ecosystem functioning, indicators that evaluate ecological processes are needed. These indicators need to be effective in showing the cause-and-effect relationship, be easy to measure, quantify, interpret and understand. The selection of indicators needs to include stability attributes, which are the system's capabilities to maintain stable dynamic equilibrium, the system's ability to return to productive potential after a disturbance called resilience, reliability, which is the system's ability to maintain productivity and equilibrium for a long time. The general objective of this work was to verify the application of environmental monitoring protocols with the use of environmental indicators. In chapter 1, the use of environmental monitoring indicators was used in a systematic literature review that evaluated the use of ecological functionality indicators in different forest biomes. Chapter 2 evaluated a 6.5-year-old forest plantation with a focus on the analysis of natural regeneration.