Caracterização de aspectos físicos, uso e cobertura do solo e diagnóstico ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do rio Apiaí-Guaçu, município de Buri-SP

Abstract

The removal or alteration of native vegetation areas causes severe environmental impacts, potentially resulting in biodiversity loss, changes in the hydrological cycle, and soil degradation. This modification of native cover is intrinsically linked to Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Conservation Units (UC). Given the scarcity of studies in the Apiaí-Guaçu River region, this study aims to characterize land use and cover, as well as physical, biotic, and climatic aspects, in addition to conducting an environmental and socio-economic diagnosis of the Apiaí-Guaçu River basin. The study also aims to characterize land use and occupation, as well as areas of environmental restriction, focusing on the municipality of Buri/SP, through geoprocessing techniques. The graphical elements produced, combined with analysis and quantification tools, provided significant results for understanding and evaluating the region's dynamics. The average Human Development Index (HDI) for the area is 0.693. Land use and land cover between 1985 and 2022 underwent significant changes, with a notable increase in areas of soy, sugarcane, perennial crops, and urban areas, while forest cover showed a reduction. Regarding the Permanent Preservation Areas in the municipality of Buri, it was observed that approximately 26.07% of these areas are used for agriculture (20.6 km²) and non-vegetated areas (3.58 km²). The results obtained in this study contributed to a better understanding of the area in question and can assist in future decision-making, guiding management and conservation strategies.