Polarização política no Brasil e redes sociais: uma análise do Twitter/X como formação de bolhas ideológicas

Abstract

This study investigates the hypothesis that the use of Twitter/X contributes to the intensification of political polarization in Brazil by fostering the formation of ideological bubbles and the circulation of polarized content. Its main objective is to analyze how the platform’s algorithmic architecture influences the quality of public debate and democratic foundations within the Brazilian context. The research adopts a qualitative and interpretive approach, based on a bibliographic review of national and international academic literature in the fields of political communication, digital platforms, democracy, and polarization. The discussion is grounded in the concept of surveillance capitalism to understand how algorithmic personalization and the attention economy encourage homogeneous information environments, often referred to as echo chambers. The findings indicate that Twitter/X acts as a catalyst for political polarization by privileging emotionally engaging content and facilitating the circulation of polarized and disinformative narratives. It is concluded that the platform significantly contributes to the strengthening of rigid political identities and to the fragmentation of the democratic public sphere.