Regulação da inteligência artificial: desafios e perspectivas para uma sociedade em mutação

Abstract

The research addresses the challenges and prospects of regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in a constantly changing society. Situated within the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS), it begins with a reflection on data protection and informational self-determination, advancing to explore the ethical and social implications of AI in light of the absence of a specific regulatory framework in Brazil.The study seeks to understand how bills currently under discussion, such as Bill No. 2338/2023, may shape the future regulation of AI, promoting a risk-based approach that considers social vulnerabilities and fundamental rights. The choice of the term mutation in the title reflects the unpredictability and complex impacts of AI, which, like a genetic mutation, can bring both progress and challenges. The research examines how AI is already integrated into social, political, and economic spheres, not only through process automation, but also through systems capable of learning, predicting, and making decisions. This integration brings benefits such as efficiency and innovation, yet also poses structural risks, including the depersonalization of labor relations and the weakening of social protections. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis, the study examines the proposals for AI regulation, such as Bills No. 21/2020 and 2338/2023, comparing them with international models, particularly the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act. The conclusion highlights the urgency of developing an adaptive and responsive regulatory framework, capable of keeping pace with technological advances while preserving human centrality in automated decision-making. Thus, this research contributes to the STS field by proposing ethical and regulatory guidelines that aim to balance innovation, social responsibility, and the protection of fundamental rights.