Caracterização e estimativa de propriedades físico-mecânicas das madeiras de Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell e Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl: com o uso da reflexão difusa de infravermelho próximo (NIR)

Abstract

The genera Eucalyptus and Pinus comprise numerous species widely cultivated in reforestation programs for various commercial purposes. Many of these species exhibit high productivity, rapid growth, adaptability to diverse soil and climatic conditions, and excellent wood quality, making them essential sources of raw material for industries such as sawmilling, pulp and paper, steel production, wood-based panels, and bioenergy. However, studies on the wood quality of Eucalyptus pellita and Pinus oocarpa from mature plantations remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of wood from Eucalyptus pellita and Pinus oocarpa plantations aged 31 and 48 years, respectively. Twelve trees of each species were felled, and a 1-m-long log was collected from the base of each tree to obtain samples for the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties. Significant differences were observed between the two species in terms of their physical and mechanical wood properties, which are critical for industrial and structural applications. Eucalyptus pellita wood exhibited higher basic density and lower porosity, characteristics that are desirable for applications requiring high strength and durability. In contrast, Pinus oocarpa wood showed greater shrinkage and higher porosity. Although these characteristics may limit its performance under variable environmental conditions, they may be advantageous for applications requiring lightweight materials. Overall, the results indicate that, despite the higher density and shear strength of Eucalyptus pellita, Pinus oocarpa wood exhibits greater stiffness and porosity, characteristics that should be considered when selecting the most suitable material for specific applications. The observed properties also highlight the importance of selecting wood with low technological variability when manufacturing products that must meet specific quality standards.