Adesão à terapia antirretroviral, autoeficácia e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Introduction: AIDS remains a major public health issue. There was control of new cases of HIV infection in the second half of the 1990s and a new increase with peak in 2010. This increase is probably due to the risk behavior in the population, the existence of undiagnosed individuals and a low adherence to antiretroviral therapy . The management of antiretroviral therapy aims to offer recommendations for preventing transmission, treating infection and improving quality of life. It is a dynamic, complex, multifactorial process that is comprehensive and difficult to measure, and there are several ways described and validated to measure adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), with different applications. Objective: To assess adherence and risk factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV / AIDS. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Adult individuals diagnosed with HIV / AIDS using antiretroviral therapy for at least three months in SAE of São Carlos city were included. RESULTS: A total of 220 patients were evaluated, of which 58% were men, with a mean age of 43 years, 41% with a primary education, 26% men who have sex with men - MSM, 55% in the AIDS stage, 91% with more than one year of follow-up. Adherence to antiretrovirals in the sample studied was 62%. The factors associated with adherence in the univariate analysis were living alone, to be a man who has sex with men, not having an active sex life, do not smoke, having a CD4 count greater than 350 cels / mm3, having an undetectable HIV1 plasma load, having no history of treatment interruption and having a score greater than 101 on the Self-efficacy Expectation Scale. Factors associated with adherence in the multivariate regression analysis were do not smoke, having no active sex life, and undetectable last viral load test. Conclusion: The results may contribute to the identification of groups at higher risk of nonadherence to ART and emphasize the need for investment in measures that promote greater adherence to treatment.