Avifauna em sistema agroflorestal biodiverso e suas características funcionais

Abstract

Conventional agricultural production is mostly environmentally degrading, which leads to negative impacts on ecosystems. Conventional production systems are one of the main threats to biodiversity, and today alternatives to more sustainable agricultural systems are needed. One alternative is agroforestry systems (AFS), since they aim to ensure a more sustainable mode of production, reconciling economic activity with the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity, while aiming at food security for the growing world population. However, the lack of studies that prove the beneficial relationship between biodiversity maintenance and agroforestry means that this system is not fully accepted by farmers. Studies on the feeding guilds of avifauna are able to generate information about a particular site, such as the occurrence of disturbances or its recovery. Considering birds as good indicators of environmental quality, this project aims to analyze the feeding guilds of avifauna that use the resources of a biodiverse agroforestry system (SAF) in southwestern São Paulo. For the elaboration of this project, a survey of the avifauna in the SAF was carried out. A total of 74 bird species were recorded, distributed among 25 families. Equitability analyses between families and between feeding guilds indicated that there were no statistically significant differences, and given the plant diversity found in the study area, both bird species with specialized diets (frugivores and insectivores) and generalist species (omnivores) were recorded, as well as species considered to be potential seed dispersers. These results suggest that the SAF can favor the enrichment of the area over time, however, it is important to consider the entire landscape, and the combination of forest fragments with the SAF can therefore enhance environmental services and increase local resilience.