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Caracterização ambiental da paisagem da microrregião colonial de Irati e zoneamento ambiental da Floresta Nacional de Irati, PR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-03)
Mazza, Carlos Alberto da Silva
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The protected areas are the most effective places for in situ conservation of biological diversity. These areas must occupy a land extension that tends to maximize the ecosystems integrity and the representativeness of the ecological communities and of its component species. It must also reduce to a minimum the risks of species extinction. In Brazil, these areas were established for the first time in 1937, with the creation of Itatiaia National Park. From then, several protected areas were established in the country and, among them, the Irati National Forest Irati Flona, a federal area, category of Sustainable Use. The Flona has 3,618 ha containing remnants of the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest (Araucaria Forest) in different successional stages. Presently, the region where Irati Flona is localized has two other protected areas, the Fernandes Pinheiro Ecological Station and the Araucaria Biological Park. These three protected areas are adjacent and, together, represent 19,070 ha and form an important mosaic of remnants, aiming at protecting the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest in the Center-south of Parana State. The characterization and analysis of the structure of Irati Flona landscape and of the four municipalities around, as the conceptual proposal for environmental zoning were established in a Geographical Information System, so as to make a georeferred digital database that allow the handling and analysis of the data. The steps for zoning establishment started with the history of colonization and occupation, in order to understand the occupation dynamics of the original landscape until reaching the actual conformation. The following steps used the topographic, geological and soil maps, as well as satellite and radar images, which allowed to establish the necessary thematic maps, used to analyze the biophysical aspect of the region and identify the factors that threaten the integrity of the biological diversity of Flona, and to present a proposal for an environmental conceptual zoning. Based on the characterizations and analyses that were done, it was possible to identify ...
Estudos limnológicos e ecotoxicológicos (laboratoriais e in situ), com ênfase na avaliação da toxicidade de metais e de pesticidas organoclorados em peixes (Danio rerio e Poecilia reticulata - sub-bacia do rio Monjolinho (São Carlos SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-05)
Fracácio, Renata
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5643065656865773
In order to evaluate the physical, chemical, biological and ecotoxicological parameters of Monjolinho River system (in laboratory and in situ), water and sediment samples (from the river and from eight of its tributaries) we obtained in july/03, October/03, January/04 and April/04. Juveniles and adult individuals of Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata were used in the ecotoxicological studies. Mortality, juvenile biometry, and deletery effects observed on the gills tissue were considered in the tests. The limnological data revealed the higher concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorides in the dry season, being over the limits established for aquatic organisms protection. The concentrations of zinc and heptachlore found in the sediments of the last study sites resulted in deletery effects. The higher concentrations of the analyzed parameters were found in the study sites UFSCar, Confluência and Córrego Tijuco, probably due to the higher concentrations of clay and silt found in these areas. The partially chronic tests performed using samples obtained from the natural environment revealed significant toxicity for at least one fish species and one parameter. Tests in situ showed more drastic effects, especially in July/03. P. reticulata was more vulnerable when compared to D. rerio in all of the analyses, especially considering the juvenile stages. Two contaminants were used in the laboratory ecotoxicological analyzes, using D. rerio juveniles as a test organism. Cadmium showed a CL(I)50, 96h, of 1894,73µg/L. In the tests of static partial chronic toxicity, the chronic value obtained was 189,73µg/L, for both survival and growth, indicating that in the same concentration, the effects on the survival and biometry were similar. Gills morphological alterations increased with the increasing concentrations: 0.6 µg/L, 6 µg/L, 60 µg/L and 600 µg/L, being the fusion of the secondary lamellaes observed in the last concentration. Regarding to the endossulfan sulphate, the semi-static CL(I)50, 96h, was 7.24 µg/L and the chronic value, considering survival rates, was 0.948 µg/L. Histological effects were observed in all of the concentrations (0.03 µg/L, 0,3 µg/L and 3 µg/L), being the hyperplasia and secondary lamellae fusions more drastic in the last concentration. The toxicity tests, as well as the limnological analyses, showed that the Monjolinho system in highly disturbed, with inadequate conditions for the conservation of the aquatic organisms and may represent risks for the human health.
Indicadores da qualidade da bacia hidrográfica para gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos. Estudo de caso: Bacia hidrográfica do Médio Tocantins (TO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-05)
Tundisi, José Eduardo Matsumura
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
In this thesis a diagnosis of the conditions the watershed of the Middle Tocantins river was carried out with the objective to develop a management plan for the area of influence of the reservoir of the hydroelectric power plant, Luiz Eduardo Magalhães. The power plant started its operation in 2002. The diagnosis of the water quality of the reservoir and its tributaries was made with the objective to understand the relationships quality of the watershed / water quality as a response of impacts and conservation areas. The Middle Tocantins watershed has 13 sub-basins. In this work 4 sub-basins were selected, two heavily impacted (Ribeirão da Água Fria e Córrego São João) and two with low impacts (Rio Lajeado and Ribeirão São João). The quality of the sub-basins was obtained evaluating the condition and vulnerability of the watershed. To characterize the watershed condition the indicator used was the state of conservation (percentage of original vegetation cover, agricultural areas, urbanization, wetlands preserved). Limnological, physical, chemical and biological analysis of the reservoir, both in short periods of time with real time monitoring and seasonally was performed in order to analyses the dynamics of the system and its response to external and internal inputs. Hydrodynamics of the reservoir was analyzed in order to understand processes of vertical and horizontal circulation and their interaction with the eutrophication of the reservoir. Nutrient enrichment due to agricultural and urban wastes is one of the main problems of the degradation of water quality. The results show that from the four sub-basins analyzed, the two heavily impacted, Ribeirão da Água Fria and Córrego São João, have the greatest percentage of areas of human activity (56- 61%) with 36-41% of preserved original vegetation and wetlands. The two less impacted watersheds, (Ribeirão do Lajeado e Ribeirão São João) presented another percentage: 54-56% of preserved areas and 41-44% of impacted areas. Demographic expansion, urbanization and intensive soil use is the main cause of the increase of eutrophication of the reservoir. The trophic state index applied to the reservoir showed that its trophic states ranges from oligotrophy to mesotrophy. This could be probably due to the short retention time of the reservoir (25 days) and the less intensive use and occupation of the watersheds. A management plan was prepared considering the risk areas and the environmental zoning altogether with the reservoir dynamics. The aim of this plan (risk analysis for eutrophication and sediment transport and input) is to provide a tool for decision makers to develop a process of integrated, predictive and the watershed level of management in order to optimize multiple uses.
Efeito das variáveis abióticas na produção primária de Egeria najas e Utricularia breviscapa da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-06)
Petracco, Paula
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
This study was developed at Oleo lagoon, an oxbow sited on Mogi Guaçu river floodplain, located in Estação Ecológica de Jataí (Luís Antônio SP Brazil). To evaluate the river level fluctuation on the metabolism of this lagoon the following activities were done: i) limnological inventories (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, suspended matter, temperature, electrical conductivity and photosynthetic active radiation); ii) the lagoon batimetry; iii) in situ incubations to evaluate the primary production rates of two species of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Egeria najas Planchon and Utricularia breviscapa Wright ex Griseb); iv) simulation of levels of river overflow. In the rainy season, due to overflow of the waters of Mogi Guaçu river into the lagoon, intense modifications of abiotic variables were verified. In the dry period, when the lower values of temperature, electrical conductivity, total suspended matter, vertical light extinction coefficient, total carbon concentrations, NTK and Ptotal occurred, the E. najas stands were located in the bottom of the lagoon and the photosynthetic rates were significantly higher than in the rainy period, and the light was the main variable controlling this process. For U. breviscapa, the photosynthetic rates were higher in the rainy season, presenting possible relation to the values of temperature and inorganic carbon concentrations, which were higher in this period. From the results, it was observed that Oleo Lagoon showed three different limnological phases: dry, rainy without overflow and rainy with overflow. Considering it is a oxbow lake situated in a conservation unit, the change in limnological and biochemical characteristics were due to the overflow pulse, influencing directly or indirectly the primary production of E. najas and U. breviscapa.
Importância do prado de capim marinho (Halodule writhii Aschers) na composição da fauna de Crustacea Brachyura e na dinâmica trófica das espécies de Callinectes (Crustacea, Portunidae) na ilha de Itamaracá - Pernambuco - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-06)
Moura, Noely Fabiana Oliveira de
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083829606714038
With aim to know the community structure of the Crustacea Brachyura and analyze the trophic dynamics of the species Callinectes dane, C. larvatus e C. ornatus in the seagrass bed of Halodule wrightii Aschers, studies were carried out during a dry period (February, 2001 and September to December, 2001) and the wet period (March to August, 2001) in the Forno da Cal beach, Itamaraca Island, Pernambuco, Brazil. The sampling method adopted was nocturnal trawling on the seagrass using a small (2m width) bottom net with internal mesh of 5mm and external of 2mm. Additional samplings were carried out on a period of 24 hours, in February, May, July, September and December, 2001. Samplings were also carried out on the adjacent sandy flat without vegetation, in March, June, August and December, having as objective to compare the biomass, abundance and diversity of this habitat with the seagrass in this same period. To determinate the gastric evacuation rate in the Callinectes sp., experiment was carried out. The results indicate that the Portunidae family contributed with 93% of the total captures. The species Callinectes ornatus, C. danae, C. larvatus and Portunus ordwayi were the most frequent. The highest density occurred in March, positively correlating with the air temperature, and the highest biomass was observed in July, with a positive correlation to density of cast algae. The seagrass presented the highest averages of densities, biomass, number of species, richness and diversity when compared to the adjacent sandy flat. Even if the number of species observed in the sand is higher, these presented well-distributed in the environment, with equitability value higher than in the seagrass. Animal organic matter, Gastropoda and Macrophyta were the food items that most contributed in the analysis of the stomach content of the species C. danae, C. larvatus and C. ornatus. It was observed that the smallest organisms have fed of small preys and with low mobility, as in the case of highest consume of Polychaeta, Copepoda and Amphipoda by specimens of smaller carapace width. Two feeding rhythms were observed for Callinectes: a diurnal one from 4:00 to 9:00 am and a nocturnal one between 21:00 and 22:00 pm. The evacuation rate (E) obtained by the regression analysis was E = 33.26% VE h-1. The daily ration in the sampled months in the 24-hour analyses was of 798.24% SV (the stomach fullness). After transforming the stomach fullness to somatic weight a day, the observed value was 20.748%.d-1. Then, C. ornatus with weigh of 1 g may consume 0.207 g food/ day. The seagrass bed represented as an important food source to Brachyura s population, due to the diversity of preys and refuge area, not only by the vegetation of seagrass but also by the abundance of cast algae, especially for the species Callinectes danae, C. larvatus and C. ornatus.
Variabilidade genética em populações de Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein, 1819) e Mycteria americana (Linneaus, 1758) (Aves, Ciconiidae): fluxo gênico e filogeografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-07)
Lopes, Iara Freitas
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Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7443566037095858
This study evaluates the levels of variability, genetic structure, and phylogeographical patterns of wild populations of Jabiru Storks (Jabiru mycteria) and Wood Storks (Mycteria americana). These species belong to the family Ciconiidae and present similar morphology, distribution, and ecological requirements. However, the Jabiru Stork is resident and Wood Stork is migratory. Sequences of 549 base pairs (bp) of the first domain of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CRI) and 822 bp of ND2 gene (ND2), and four heterologous microsatellite loci were used in a survey covering the entire range of Jabiru Storks (72 specimens from Central America, northern and central South America). A lack of diversity was detected in both mtDNA fragments of Central American samples analyzed. The smaller population size of Central American Jabiru Storks population and its demographic decline were potentially responsible for the lower variability observed in this area. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among locations (CRI, Фst = 0.1767; ND2, Фst = 0.4442; microsatellites, Fst = 0.1044). The recent habitat fragmentation and the limited dispersal of Jabiru Storks were likely causes of the high level of differentiation that we detected. Samples of Wood Storks collected in eight Pantanal colonies (n = 48) and eight southeast United States (US) colonies (n = 40) were analyzed using CRI sequences (464bp). A lack of differentiation was detected among colonies in the Pantanal (Fst = -0.015) and also among those sampled in the US (Fst = -0.043), suggesting high levels of gene flow among colonies, or even recent colonization followed by expansion in those areas. A further comparison between Pantanal and US samples revealed significant genetic structure (Fst = 0.059), which indicates that gene flow is limited between these population units. The phylogeographical analysis suggested a historical relationship between Pantanal and US populations. We hypothesize that during the last glaciation maximum, birds moved to more climatically stable areas near the equatorial region, where higher levels of gene flow then occurred. Demographic expansions in the Pantanal region was evidenced in the mtDNA analysis of both species, and might be associated with the recent formation of this wetland areas following increased temperatures and humidity in the Holocene.
Efeito da pesca de arrasto do camarão-rosa sobre a dinâmica populacional de Callinectes danae e Callinectes ornatus (Crustacea, Portunidae), na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-07)
Keunecke, Karina Annes
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
The present work analyzed the population dynamics of Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 and Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea, Portunidae) captured as by-catch from pink-shrimp trawlings at Guanabara Bay. Three aspects were approached: reproduction, growth and mortality. The reproductive analysis pointed out four stages of gonadal maturation for both species, corroborated by histological procedures and classified as: stage I - immature, stage II - developing, stage III - ripe and stage IV - spent. The presence of oocytes I and oocytes II in the stages ripe and spent confirmed the multiple spawning hypotheses for the species. The size at first gonadal maturity was 85.2 mm and 67.2 mm respectively for C. danae and C. ornatus. The continuous reproduction pattern was observed, however with seasonal and alternated reproductive picks in the bay. While C. danae presented reproductive picks in the autumn and in the winter, C. ornatus presented an apparent reproductive pick in the summer and probably another one in the spring. The sexual proportions diverged in C. danae significantly in females favor (3.0:1). However, to C. ornatus the proportions diverged with prevalence of males (1.2:1). This pattern indicated that possibly the females of C. danae return to the estuary after the spawning, while the ovigerous females of C. ornatus migrate to adjacent coastal areas around the bay. The growth analysis was based on indirect methods of size-frequency distributions. The growth parameters were estimated according von Bertalanffy s (1938) growth function and longevity according D Incao & Fonseca (1999). The L∞ value corresponded to the largest individual captured for each species and for each sex. For C. danae the growth x parameters were the following ones: females - L∞ = 113 mm, k = 0.005088387 and longevity = 2.48 years; males - L∞ = 120 mm, k = 0.005550913 and longevity = 2.27 years. For C. ornatus the growth parameters were: males - L∞ = 94 mm, k = 0.005372092 and longevity = 2.34 years; females - L∞ = 110 mm, k = 0.00594237 and longevity = 2.25 years. The instantaneous rate of total losses (Z ) from Ricker's (1975) catch curve associated to the natural mortality from Taylor's (1959) method showed high values of (F) mainly on the females of both species. However, for the females of C. ornatus the migration actuated in an intense way increasing the instantaneous rate of total losses. The stocks explotation rates were also high. Except for the males of C. danae, all the others were above the acceptable exploration. Besides that, 50.7% and 87.2% of females respectively from C. danae and C. ornatus were captured below the mean size at gonadal maturation. The diagnostic above suggests more effective management actions on these natural resources, not only by the responsible governmental organs, but also, by all the actors involved in the process.
Efeito da rACLF, uma metalopeptidase recombinante da peçonha de Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus, na viabilidade celular, expressão de citocinas e degradação de proteínas da matriz extracelular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-08)
Moraes, Caroline Krieger de
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
ACLF is a fibrinolytic non-hemorrhagic metallopeptidase from the venom of the snake Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus. rACLF is synthesized as a zymogen (pro- ACLF) with 412 aminoacids, while the active form of enzyme has 222 aminoacids. The ORF (open reading frame) that codes for the peptidase was isolated (from a cDNA venom gland library of A. contortrix. lacticinctus ) and characterized. This work shows the effects of rACLF on endothelial cells (HUVECs), tumor cells (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and non-tumor cell (fibroblast) as well its proteolytic activity on extracellular matrix proteins. Our results showed that rACLF inhibited the apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in HUVECs, but had no effect on cell proliferation. rACLF had direct effect on HUVECs, since it was observed an increased amount of IL-8 in the cell supernatants, in addition to the expression induction of molecules related to adhesion and inflammation processes. rACLF and rACLH were not cytotoxic to human fibroblasts. On the other hand, both proteins caused decrease of cell viability, changes in morphology, and detachment of HeLa cells. On human fibroblasts, rACLF modulated the expression of chemokines CXC, IL-8 and GRO, and chemokine CC, MCP1. The supernatant of human fibroblasts and HeLa cells were analyzed for MMP-2 (gelatinase-A) secretion. No difference was observed after 48 h incubation with rACLF and controls. rACLF presented hydrolytic activity on extracellular matrix proteins, such as laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV, and thrombospondin. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity on insulin β chain peptide was tested and compared to rACLH activity. rACLF was shown to be more efficient than rACLH on this substrate. In conclusion, the results of this study increased the knowledge on the protein effects on different cell lines and open up perspectives for new studies concerning signaling and regulation mechanisms affected by this protein activity.
Uma abordagem bayesiana para análise de fraude de subscrição em telecomunicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-09)
Cristofaro, Elizabeth Agnes Urban
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3307726269741621
Ordenação de eventos e interpretação de contextos em redes de atuadores e sensores sem fio para a classe de aplicações de preparação para emergência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-09)
Silva, Fernando Henrique dos Santos e
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2395750219159110
Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) are increasingly being deployed for fine-grain monitoring of physical environments subjected to emergency situations such as fire, leaking of toxic gases and explosions. In these environments a reliable interpretation of the collected events is very important. However, the order in which events are received can interfere directly with the correct interpretation of what is going on in the physical environment being monitored. Therefore, the ordering of events in WSAN can be a major requirement for critical security monitoring applications because by handling event ordering, ambiguities can be dealt with, increasing the accuracy of what is being monitored. This work describes a novel algorithm for event ordering in WSAN called OBC (Ordering by Confirmation). This low latency and energy aware protocol was discussed and evaluated against existing solutions, showing that it can save more energy and achieve lower latencies in situations where the network density, event rate and network dimension increase. This work also presents a context interpretation solution that can interpret from simple to complex contexts. In this solution, actors are used to aggregate sensor events, eliminate ambiguities and redundancy and realize context interpretations. Each actor of the WSAN is configured with rules that are determined by the application in the network configuration phase. After ordered, correlated events are interpreted resulting in contexts that go from simple questions, such as What is the temperature of sector A? to more complex ones Why did the aircraft wing crack? . Context information is exchanged among actors and sink(s) of the WSAN through the publish/subscribe technique based on topics. Our solution was compared to a centralized solution, in which events are collected by the sink. Results from simulations have shown that by having actors for decentralized context interpretation and a fast energy-aware event ordering algorithm, our solution can be a good alternative for emergency preparedness applications where lives and patrimony are at risk.
Análise teórica e experimental do desempenho de duto de luz, na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-10)
Silva, Andrigo Demétrio da
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Roriz, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355579765506588
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1544987367343253
Illumination electric systems are responsible by expressive consumption of energy in buildings. Daylight, on the other hand, is abundant, free and more favorable to health and to the efficiency of people activities. However the side-windows system, when it is used alone, presents limitations in illuminance distribution. These limitations can be attenuated by usage of sunlight redirecting devices, such as Light Pipes (LPs). LPs collect daylight, conduct it by successive reflections and deliver it to an internal ambient, providing more visual comfort and saving energy. This research is carried out by studying the diffuser, the internal illumination and the collection, conduction and distribution of light by LP. To analyze the diffuser that would be used on the distribution of light, different materials were exposed to daylight and their behavior under the sunlight was evaluated. An appropriate diffuser was not found, therefore the milky acrylic was used as a diffuser panel. LP systems contribution in illumination was quantified and analyzed by monitoring scale models and the results were compared to conventional daylight systems. LP different sections (square and rectangular) with mirror internal surfaces were analyzed to evaluate their performances and they were compared to evaluate the influence of geometry, internal reflectance and LP orientation. Results indicate that the LP with square section is more efficient. Also sky conditions were analyzed and their influence in the internal illuminance. Experimental data were compared to a theoretical analysis. At last an evaluation of potential for energy savings by using LP was performed.
Polissacarídeos extracelulares e atividade enzimática das glicosidases no reservatório de Barra Bonita, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-14)
Colombo, Vanessa
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
Release of extracellular polysaccharides can occur from healthy and active cells and has been demonstrated to be an important carbon source for bacteria. In eutrophic environments where large blooms are formed by efficient extracellular polysaccharide producers such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena spiroides, these organic materials (high molecular weight extracellular polysaccharides) may support planktonic bacterial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extracellular glycolytic enzyme activity during a seasonal cycle and a possible regulation of the corresponding enzymes in response to variation of polysaccharides in Barra Bonita Reservoir. The majority of enzymes exhibited a significant decrease during the dry season (April to September). The content of total dissolved carbohydrates varied from 0.5 to 6.83 mg L-1 and was mainly (92%) constituted by polysaccharides. Phytoplanktonic community showed a marked succession with cyanobacteria typically dominating during the rainy season (Microcystis sp, Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena spiroides), whereas diatoms (mostly Aulacoseira granulata) and cryptophytes (Cryptomonas sp) were dominant through the dry season. Four algal blooms were observed during the experimental period, and after each bloom the release of combined carbohydrates was followed by high enzymatic activities, thus the production of extracellular enzymes for microheterotrophic microorganisms was related to the influx of polymeric organic substances. Even the monosaccharides composition of reservoir samples after each bloom roughly revealed the extracellular polysaccharide composition of dominant phytoplanktonic population. Experiments of polysaccharide degradation from Barra Bonita Reservoir and produced by dominant phytoplanktonic organisms (A. granulata e M. aeruginosa) assayed in laboratory conditions had confirmed the interpretation of data measured in field.
Filtração de gases: estudo da deposição de diferentes tortas de filtração em diferentes meios filtrantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-19)
Rodrigues, Karina Bassan
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
The particle retention inside a filter medium, after cleaning, significantly improves the initial pressure drop during the subsequent cycle, that is, the residual pressure drop. However, the way as these particles accommodate inside the filter isn t still very clear, as well as, its impact on filtering performance. This work aims to verify the spatial disposal of different particles inside filtration media with different properties, in order to study the penetration depth, after cleaning, as well as the particle size variations from the cake-filter interface to the filtration bulk. Moreover, the objective of this research was to verify the relation between particle penetration behavior and other filtration characteristics for each fabric tested, like the development of residual pressure drop, retained and removed mass after cleaning, and removal efficiency. Three different kinds of powder materials were used for the experiments, varying particle size, granulometric distribution and particle shape: fine phosphoric rock dust, with an average Stokes diameter of 3.71 µm, irregular shape and wide granulometric distribution, coarse phosphoric rock dust, with an average Stokes diameter of 14.67 µm, irregular shape and wide granulometric distribution and tapioca flour, with average Stokes diameter of 8.67 µm, almost spherical shaped, and narrow granulometric distribution. It was observed, despite of the filter media heterogeneity, a particle accumulation in the upward layers of the fabric, decreasing as a function of depth. However, the penetration depth, amount of particles and particle diameter didn t vary according to the number of cycles. It was verified that, the polypropylene fabric, which has low values of permeability and porosity, presented lower particle retention values after cleaning, higher residual pressure drop and shorter filtration cycles, what could be associated with a superficial penetration, according to the microscopy tests carried out. The comparison made between treated and untreated polyester needle felts showed a greater retained mass in the untreated fabric, what resulted in a longer filtration cycle during the beginning of the process, making no difference when fine rock or tapioca flour were used. However, the filtration performance was significantly prejudiced during the following cycles, with higher residual pressure drop and lower particle efficiency removal, what turned the fabric less suitable than the other ones. The results showed that the material presenting narrower granulometric distribution and almost spherical shaped had more xiv homogeneous and long filtration cycles, despite of the greater values of retained mass and depth of penetration, what suggests the better accommodation of particles in the filter cake. The increase in the coarse rock particle diameter resulted in a deeper penetration and a greater retained mass, but similar residual pressure drop, with longer filtration cycles, what meant that the cake formed by greater particles offered better filtration conditions and less specific cake resistance. However, the penetration was deeper for the coarse rock, being the penetration intensity similar for the two rock diameters tested. The increase of maximum pressure drop resulted in a greater retained mass and a greater residual pressure drop. However, nothing could be assured about the total amount of particles collected from each analyzed layer, because the average values in each layer were comparable in magnitude. For a higher maximum pressure drop, the penetration was deeper, as well as the specific resistance of the filter cake, resulted from a greater filtration pressure.
Participação dos receptores adrenérgicos Alfa2 do núcleo parabraquial lateral no controle da ingestão de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-20)
Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9055280555067656
Water and NaCl intake is strongly inhibited by the activation of α2-adrenergic receptors with clonidine or moxonidine (α2-adrenergic/imidazoline agonists) injected peripherally or into the forebrain and by serotonin and cholecystokinin into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN), a pontine structure. Serotonergic and cathecolaminergic neurons are present in the projection from AP/NTS to the LPBN and the presence of α2- adrenergic sites in the LPBN has been shown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of α2-adrenergic receptors of the LPBN in the control of water and 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by the treatment with subcutaneous furosemide (FURO, 10 mg/kg of body weight) + captopril (CAP, 5 mg/kg of body weight) and also during cellular dehydration induced by intragastric 2 M NaCl load (2 ml). In addition, the possible interaction between α2-adrenergic receptors and serotoninergic, GABAergic or opioidergic mechanisms in the LPBN to control of water and 0.3 M NaCl intake was also investigated. Male Holtzman rats with cannulas implanted bilaterally in the LPBN were used. Contrary to forebrain injections, bilateral LPBN injections of moxonidine produced a strong and surprising increase in FURO + CAP-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake and a small increase in water intake, without change mean arterial pressure and heart rate or FURO + CAP-induced c-fos expression in forebrain areas related to the control of fluid-electrolyte balance. Prior injections of RX 821002 (α2-adrenergic antagonist, 10 and 20 nmol/0.2 µl) abolished the effect of moxonidine (0.5 nmol) on 0.3 M NaCl intake. Bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 µl) into the LPBN also induced a strong ingestion of 0.3 M NaCl intake, without changing water intake in rats with increased plasma osmolarity. However, moxonidine into the LPBN in satiated rats not treated with 2 M NaCl produced no change on 0.3 M NaCl intake. The activation of the LPBN α2-adrenoceptors inhibited the LPBN serotonergic inhibitory mechanism involved in the control of water and NaCl intake, and the increase in FURO+CAP-induced sodium intake produced by the activation of the α2-adrenergic receptors in the LPBN was partially dependent on GABAergic or opioidergic mechanisms in the LPBN. In rats submitted to the taste reactivity test to oral infusions of a 0.3 M sodium solution, the blockage serotonergic receptors into the LPBN enhanced positive hedonic taste reactivity patterns. In conclusion, previous and present results indicate opposite roles for α2-adrenergic receptors in the control of sodium and water intake according to their distribution in the rat brain. The α2-adrenergic activation into the LPBN produces a potent increase in hypertonic sodium intake during extracellular and cellular dehydration. These effects of α2-adrenergic activation into the LPBN is possibly due to the inhibitory serotoninergic mechanisms blockage into the LPBN and at least part of these effects is also dependent of an interaction with GABAergic and opioidergic mechanisms into the same area. Finally, the blockade of serotonergic receptors in the LPBN can enhance sodium palatability thus contributing to the increase in sodium intake during cell dehydration.
Estudo das propriedades químicas, elétricas e da microestrutura de filmes de óxidos coloridos crescidos sobre aço inoxidável por processos químico e eletroquímicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-22)
Kikuti, Elaine
;
Bocchi, Nerilso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6302276979665787
In the present work, it was studied the chemical composition, morphology, structure and semiconductor properties of oxide films coloured by the chemical - CHE and electrochemical processes (triangular current scan - TCS, alternating potential pulse - APP and superposition of ac and dc signals - SPS) before and after a hardening treatment. Oxide films with two distinct values of thickness (~130 nm e ~200 nm) were obtained using the CHE, TCS and APP colouration processes. The SPS process produced oxide films with only one value of thickness (~150 nm). The hardening treatment led to an increase in the thickness values of the oxide films produced by all the investigated processes (CHE, TCS, APP and SPS). Polarization curves showed that the hardening treatment also promotes enrichment in chromium oxide in the oxide films. This was supported by analyses of chemical composition obtained by Auger spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, these analyses also showed that iron and chromium oxides mainly constitute all oxide films, before and after the hardening treatment. By other hand, images obtained by electron transmission microscopy (TEM) revealed that more compact oxide films are produced after the hardening treatment. Patterns of electron diffraction revealed that the oxide films are constituted of nanocrystalline FeCr2O4 spinel oxide, before and after the hardening treatment. The Mott-Schottky plots presented a quite complex behavior with three straight regions for all the oxide films studied. From these plots two distinct flat band potentials were obtained, being one in the passive region (-0,50 V vs. ECS) and other in the transpassive region (0.50 V vs. SCE) of the stainless steel. These flat band potentials are characteristics of iron and chromium oxides, respectively. Besides, two semiconductivity transitions were observed: transition from p-type to n-type (p-n heterojunction) at -0.50 V vs. ECS and transition from n-type to ptype at 0.0 V vs. SCE. Values of band gap energy in the range 2.94 eV - 3.49 eV were calculated assuming direct transitions only for the hardened oxide films produced by the distinct processes.
O discurso da competência para o trabalho e a educação em tempos neoliberais: a história reeditada como farsa?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-23)
Zorzal, Marcos Freisleben
;
Castro, Ramon Peña
By the present study we investigated the production and spread of the discourse about competence, as for its repercussions on the education as well on the work in Brazil. In order that, we situated our attention upon the years of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso government period from the 1990 s, pointed by many researchers like the effective implementation of neoliberal economics, social and educational politics in Brazil and in the world. Our thesis, considering the ultraliberals proposals of inexorable transformations to education and work at the final of XXth century, is that these proposals reedit, by the competence discourse, arguments and proposals equivalents to dominants discourses into circumstances of transformation and capitalist crisis, between the XIXth to XXth transition at the industrial society consolidation peak. That moment represented technical, scientific and administrative developments (the model called fordism-taylorism) and the competitive worker market establishment, circumstances that requesting a new workers category, adequate to the newfangled organization, education and productive icons. However, despite of similarity of both discourses in terms of mutations in the work processes and to the role attributed to schooling with market goals, we defend in this research that the ultraliberal argue that the problem of unemployment, social precarization and social exclusion are attribute to worker disqualification or incompetence through presumed contemporary production innovations, actually they dissimulate and legitimate, ideologically, what the own capitalism, in its contemporary structural crisis, unavoidably create. To subside our proposal, we proceed a comparative analysis between the two periods in question, taking as base the reflections of Karl Marx, Antonio Gramsci and Karl Polanyi toward the economic, cultural and educational transformations in the context of supremacy of liberal ideal of self-regulated market about the wide secularized social interests, that is, when the market, factorial component of society, transform the own society in its factorial component. After this, we will proceed, in the context in which it is establish the trade school and the arrival of fordism on the first third part of XXth century, reflections in which we confront analysis of contemporary authors about the Brazilian politic-economic and educational ultra liberation phenomenon. Considering this, the question that guide us and which we intent answer could be formulated in this manner: the competence discourse as imperative to the actual work and education, in a context of technological transformation and structural crisis of capital-work relation, could be reediting discursive elements of the transformations observed at the end of XIXth century, in way to legitimate the actual negative consequences in form of a dissimulation of reality or, in Marxian terms, as a historical farce? The analysis of the two periods of capitalism indicate us that the Hegelian-Marxian postulate of historical repetition become plausible by means of the ultraliberal renascence observed since the end of the XXth century.
Efeitos de um programa de atenção diversificado às mães de alunos severamente prejudicados.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-26)
Martins, Morgana de Fátima Agostini
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9425072594458947
The national literature in the field of special education has continually pointed the necessity of research on programs towards attention to the families of persons with handicap. The present research start from the idea that diferent families can have diversified service necessities. This research was outlined to test this hypothesis, and the general objective of the study consisted in developping, evaluate and compare the efects of different contents of a program of attention to the mothers of the severaly handicapped. For the research was used an experimental delineation of multi elements baseline in which, 3 groups of mothers (A, B, C) was submitted to one sequency of three diferent contents in a attention program (Emotional Support S; Information I; and Training Abilities T), with variations in the order of offers of contents for each group. The study involved two stages, denominated as Study 1 and 2. Study 1 counted with the participation of 15 mothers of handicapped children from a special school and had as objectives: a) Identify the necessities of mothers with severelly handicapped children caracterizing aspects like received diagnostic, familiar structure, socialeconomic conditions and demographics, environment organization and routine, psicological conditions to establish gratefully interactions with their children. For this were done individualized interviews that later were tabulated and resulted in a survey of the necessities and potencialities of this mothers in relation to the child with deficiency. The results of this first stage was the identification of the potencialities and necessities of the families that were translated at the three contents for the attenction program and that allowed develop the program with the identified contents (Contents S, I, T). The study 2 had as participants 07 mothers of deficients students (with pre-school age, considered severally handicaped that attended a special school). For the implementation stage were done three groups, with the end to evaluate the efects of different presentation orders of the three contents about the following selected variables:- Comunnication Family-School CFE (measured by a note book); Adesion of the Family to the Service AFA (measured by school frequency registry of the children to the school) and about the development level of the students NDA, (measured by performance evaluations in seven areas of infantile development: cognition, socialization, nutrition, auto-care, motor abilities, courtesy rules and comunnication). The results pointed gains for all seven children at the development level, varying around 10 to 30% in all the areas for the majority of the children (6 in 7), reaching in some areas to 100% of the abilities. In relation to the variable CFE, the number of notes at the family book went from zero to 18 times, in three months, that was the duration time of the attention program. To the variable AFA, the frequency index at school varied from 80 to 100 % to all children. Is discussed at the end the necessity of implementing attention programs for families with children with defficiency, that been fundamented at the necessities of each family, starting with the hypothesis that families have diferent necessities, and that due this need diferent services. As far as the presentation order of contents, the data are suggestive that the most efficient order to the mothers os preschool children would be: Emotional support, information and training of abilities (SIT), to establish empathy and binding, followed by the information offer to increase the understanding about the deficiency, what would favour later on the trainning of abilities to the teaching of their children.
Cultura, política e alfabetização no Brasil: a 'Segunda Campanha de Nacionalização' do ensino (1938-1945)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-28)
Dias, Gustavo Tentoni
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
This dissertation provides a reflection about the educational politics that aimed at the teuton-brazilian ethnic group of Santa Catarina, during the period called Estado Novo (1938- 1945), which became known as The Second Nationalization Campaign of teaching. It is claimed that this governmental pedagogic attitude aspired the diffusion of the primary school, which were supported by the state and the federal government, throughout the teuto-brazilian cities, as if it were a vehicle that advertised the nationalist ideals defended by the Brazilian State. Thus, this work investigate the fact that the government concerns were related to a possible territorial fragmentation, seeing that, according to the government, there was a fragile presence of national culture in the south of Brasil or it may me related to a trial to eradicate any cultural trace of the referred ethnical group that could endanger the country with nazi-facist idealisms. To support this argumentation, this dissertation searched for documents and decrees created at the time of Vargas government, besides studyng a bibliography which was previously selected and studying interviews collected from students and locals of the investigated period and place.
Mapeamento de QTLs para características de crescimento e de resistência no cromossomo 14 de bovinos F2 provenientes de um cruzamento Gir x Holandês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-30)
Miyata, Marcelo
;
Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
Brazil possesses the largest commercial bovine herd in the world and cattle represents about 43% of agricultural PIB of Brazil. Crossing Bos taurus and Bos indicus species allows the combination of traits of production from the first specie and of rusticity from the second specie for the genetic improvement of the bovines. Due to the economical relevance of livestock in Brazil, the search for regions in the genome that contribute to prodution traits is object of many studies including traits such as meat yield, precocity of growth and many weight measures (eg. birth weight, yearling weight). The endoparasites and ectoparasites have great economical relevance, once the growth losses and production (meat and milk) affect the bovine herd and consequently, the producer and consumer. The objective of this work was to map QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) for growth traits and for resistance to ectoparasite and endoparasites through the BTA14 scan, using microssatellite markers in a F2 population Holstein x Gyr. The QTL mapping for the trait birth weight (BW) suggested a QTL (P <0.05) at 1 cM from centromere and for the weight at 60 days (P60), a suggestive QTL (P <0.05) was found at 0 cM from centromere. The mapping for resistance to the ectoparasite Boophilus microplus revealed a significant QTL (P<0.01) at 22 cM from centromere but no association was observed for endoparasites. Together, the results found in this work suggest the possibility to map regions of the bovine genome that affect quantitative traits, like growth and resistance, by means of microssatellite markers.
Avaliação do comportamento das elementos Ni, Rb e Se por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno tubular na chama de aeressol térmico.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006-06-30)
Rosini, Fabiana
;
Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5754458321462608
In the present work the behavior of the elements Ni, Rb, and Se was evaluated by thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS). The arrangement of the TS-FF-AAS system consisted of a Ni tube located on the burner head of an air / acetylene flame with a ceramic capillary tube connected to it and heated by the flame. The sample was transported towards the capillary heated tube by action of a peristaltic pump, and then transformed in a thermospray that was introduced into the Ni tube. The sensitivity was increased by the complete introduction of the sample in the absorption volume. For all tested elements, the effect of the main parameters on atomization, such as flame composition, observation height, type of carrier stream, flow rate, and sample volume, was investigated. For selenium, the detection limit obtained was 95-fold better than that obtained by FAAS. Notwithstanding, selenium determination was difficult due to the absorption region of this element (λ = 196 nm), that implied in molecular absorption by flame gases and scattering of radiation. Based on prescribed conditions established by a factorial experiment, selenium was determined with accuracy in samples of animal tissues and in two standard reference materials after microwave-assisted digestion using a diluted solution of acid nitric. For Rb, the sensitivity increased 37-fold compared to FAAS, leading to a detection limit of 2.65 µg/L by TS-FF-AAS. On the other hand, Ni is a refractory element and needed special conditions to facilitate the volatilization and atomization processes. Thus, a cloud point extraction procedure was developed. The combination of both TS-FF-AAS and cloud point extraction led to an improvement of 18-fold in detection limit, however Ni determination in biological samples was limited owing to interferences caused by Al(III), Co(II), and Fe(III). These interferences could be solved by adding fluoride to the digests.