Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-12-01"

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Ocupação antrópica nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente APPs urbanas : estudo das áreas lindeiras aos córregos dos Bagres, Cubatão e Espraiado em Franca/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-01)
Felicio, Bruna da Cunha
;
Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
The analysis and discussion about anthropic occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas along urban water streams constitute the central part of this work. Initially was tried to understand how human beings dominate space and how this domination is degrading the life quality of Man himself through times. Then, through the studies of occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas of Bagres, Cubatão and Espraiado streams in Franca/SP, we tried to explain the problems of Permanent Preservation Areas, as well as identify along with the legal aspects the critical situation of the treatment given to these areas by the society and the government.
Perfil de maturidade do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em empresas de pequeno e médio porte do setor de máquinas e implementos agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-03)
Simões, Julianita Maria Scaranello
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5280499767233599
The Brazilian agricultural machines and implements section has presented significant growth in recent years. This growth is related not only to Brazil s high performance in agrobusiness, but also to a technological progress seen in the sector of agricultural machines and implements that has enabled these companies greater insertion in the internal and external market. In view of such scenario, the product development process (PDP), if well structured and managed, becomes a business process that directly influences in the companies competitiveness increase. However, it is seen that with regard to the PDP in Brazilian small and medium-sized companies (SMCs) of agricultural machinery and implements (AMIs), very little is known about them as most of the publications on product development focus on the reality of large and multinational companies, which have a structure quite different from SMCs. In the few publications about the PDP in the SMCs of this sector, there are indications of a low degree of PDP structuring and management in these companies. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to characterize and analyze the profiles of management maturity of the product development process in small and medium sized Brazilian companies, of the agricultural machines and implements section, located in the state of São Paulo, so that the addressed actions of PDP improvements in these companies can be undertaken. A survey research in 40 companies (25 small-sized and 15 medium-sized) was conducted. An in loco interview was applied to the respective individual in-charge of PDP by means of a structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of clusters techniques was used. The sample indicated that all the SMCs of AMIs of the state of Sao Paulo presents a heterogeneous structure with respect to PDP management. Three groups of companies were identified in the sample with different maturity profiles of PDP: Group I (20% of companies in the sample), Group II (50% of the sample) and Group III (30% of the sample). The differences in the management of PDP were observed, especially among companies of Group I (smallest level of PDP maturity) and Group III (highest level of PDP maturity). However, despite differences in PDP management presented in the groups of companies, according to the literature on PDP management, all of the groups are in a basic (initial) maturity level of PDP. The sampled companies are in a basic maturity level, since most of them are in the stage of standardization of the development incremental cycle, and predominantly use only the CAD as a support tool for the PDP, and performance indicators are not yet used in the managing process. The identification of the maturity level, in which these companies are, helps in both the determination of activities that link the internal actions to improve the PDP of these companies, as in the proposal of specific public policies that encourage the improvement of product development for domestic companies of the sector.
Características antropométricas dos pés de indivíduos idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-03)
Castro, Alessandra Paiva de
;
Rebelatto, José Rubens
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9752231881764067
The changes due to senescence induce anatomical modifications in the foot which leading the older persons to have difficulty to find comfortable and safe shoes. The aims of this study were to identify the peculiar anthropometric characteristics of the elderly foot in São Carlos City, becoming possible the development of appropriate shoes for elderly population; and to verify relations between anthropometric variables and wearing incorrectly sized shoes, gender, age, foot pain, foot posture and diseases. The sample was calculated based on elderly population of São Carlos City and following its gender and age group proportions. Took part of this study 399 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, of both genders (227 women and 172 men). The participants answered a questionnaire concerning social aspects, orthopedic assessment and questions related to the use of shoes. The anthropometric evaluation of the feet comprised variables of lengths, circumferences, widths, heights, angles, Arch Index and Foot Posture Index. The data analysis was performed using the T-student test, Analysis of Variance, Tukey test, probability analysis, chi-square test and Pearson s Correlation. The characterization of the foot of the elderly in São Carlos City was done using descriptive analysis (means, standard deviation, minimal and maximal values and standard error) and the means and standard deviation were distributed by intervals of foot lengths according to the shoe size.The participants wearing the incorrect shoe size presented larger values for widths, heights, perimeters and first metatarsophalangeal joint angle than those wearing the correct size. Women had feet proportionally wider, flatter and more abducted, while men had feet proportionally higher than women. Lower limb pain and pain associated with wearing shoes were correlated with the female gender and wearing the incorrect shoe size was correlated with the male gender. There was found a negative middle correlation between the Foot Posture Index and the instep and medial malleolus heights. The proportion of flat and cavus feet was high. Elderly with flat feet had more pronated feet, greater bulging in the region of talonavicular joint and smaller height of first metatarsal head, foot curvature, instep and medial malleolus. The obtained data can possibilities design shoes based on the specific anthropometric measurements of the elderly population.
Estudo químico de plantas com atividades sobre insetos sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-05)
Almeida, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de
;
Fernandes, João Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096255590649678
The chemical control of pest, which uses conventional insecticides, shows a number of advantages to agriculturists due to its efficiency, lower cost and facility of use in related to others. However, the utilization of the chemical control with nonselective insecticides, without culture rotation, could cause instability eliminating beneficial insects, increasing populations of pests, and mainly loosing insecticide efficacy due to natural selection from insects resistant to these chemicals. Besides that, there are more negative aspects referring to environmental contamination, such soil, water, atmosphere and others organisms contaminations, and accidental damage caused by bad utilization of insecticides. The investigation for substances with insecticide activity from plants aims the insect control and lower environmental impact. Based on agriculturist information about plants utilized for leaf-cutting ant control, field observations and chemosystematic data from the literature, the Natural Products Group from the Chemistry Department of São Carlos Federal University together the Study Center of Social Insects of UNESP in Rio Claro have been studied the effects of plants potentially toxic to those ants. The fall disease , as it is known by beekeepers, consists in death of Apis mellifera in autumn and it is caused by toxic compounds, which are carried to beehives with nectar, has also been studied by this team. This work describes the chemical study of Dimorphandra mollis, Sthyphnodendro adstringens and Helietta puberula associated to their actions in ants and bees. The toxicity study in model fish aims to evaluate the impact that several substances with insecticide activity could cause to the environment. The phytochemical study, besides the search for secondary metabolic, aimed to contribute to chemosystematic of vegetal species. It was employed traditional chromatographic techniques and even on-line ones such as GC-MS and LC-UV-MS to obtain compounds from the plants studied and also to chemistry identification, associated with NMN spectroscopic experiments. From extracts fractionation were obtained several compounds of various classes such as alcohols (S17), fatty acids (S18 S43, S52 S62, S89 S95), hydrocarbons (S4 S16), cinnamic acid derivative (S47, S48, S50, S51, S63 e S64), glycosides (S65 S67), steroids (S44 - S46, S96 - S99), triterpenes (S100), flavonoids (S1 S3, S68 S88, S100 S105) and alkaloids (S49). The extracts from the vegetable species studied showed insecticide activity against at least one tested model. The flavonoids astilbin, isoastilbin and catechin, obtained from D. mollis, were tested in model fish and they did not show toxic activity, therefore they could be promising for the use in plantations near aquatic environments since they will not damage these ecosystems. Once identified and isolated the compounds with insecticide activity from plants with potential utilization in the production of natural products, it is expected a reduction in the environmental ecosystems impact caused by synthetic insecticides. It is possible to note that the development of prospecting research and evaluation of plants with insecticide activity have great economic importance, as well as for environmental conservation of agroecosystems where the active fractions from these plants could be utilized as natural insecticides in pest integrated management.
Rupturas e reconstruções: migração forçada e redes sociais em meio da guerra em Colômbia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-06)
Cruz, Olga Del Pilar Vásquez
;
Monsma, Karl Martin
The history of Colombia is characterized by violent processes of population expulsion that date back half of the twentieth century and which has been deepened as a consequence of internal armed conflict which resumes in 90´s. Since 1985 until nowadays, 3,700,000 people have been displaced. Who is obliged to flee, leaves rural areas to the cities closest to his place of housing. However, the deepening of the conflict is forcing people continue moving to the big cities, where are greater opportunities for anonymity. Thus, considering the peculiarities of internal displacement, we proposed to characterize -from the perception of actors- the personal networks of a group of migrants by the internal armed conflict, which today live in neighborhoods of Ciudad Bolivar in Bogotá. This is, the way of the networks act, are affected and rebuilt on the migratory path. Our aim was evident if, in the same way as it happens with other types of migration, there is a logic of communication, permanence, re-configuration and organization of social networks; In addition to describe the situations that facilitate, influence or limit these processes. The methodology of research emphasized on record -in a notebook and a record- the comments made by people and the narratives during the contact with the researcher in informal and formal interviews. The configuration of personal networks was complemented with the application of a survey. As a result of search, we can say that there is a logical of networks in time to elect Bogotá as destination. Usually, relatives or acquaintances, whose migrated before - because of the violence or economic reasons- or there is a previous experience housing in Bogotá. These links are essential in processes of adaptation to city. With the coexistence in the city, displaced persons will meet neighbors, coworkers, employees of NGOs and institutions of the state, which will be adding to the range of their relationships. However, violence, fear and distrust are some factors that influence the incorporation of new ties and the preservation of ancient, affecting the dynamics and the configuration of networks
Citogenética molecular comparativa do DNAr 18S e 5S em piranhas (Serrasalminae, Characidae) da Amazônia Central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Nakayama, Celeste Mutuko
;
Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7301111160439489
Basic and molecular cytogenetic studies have been performed in 11 species of the subfamily Serrasalminae: Colossoma macropomum, Serrasalmus (S. altispinnis, S. elongatus, S. gouldingi, S. rhombeus, S. cf rhombeus, S. serrulatus and S. maculatus), Pygocentrus nattereri, Pristobrycon striolatus and Catoprion mento, collected along different sites in Central Amazon basin. The diploid number found was 2n=54 chromosomes in Colossoma macropomum, 2n=62 in C. mento and P. striolatus, 2n=60 for all species in the genus Serrasalmus and P. nattereri, except for S. cf. rhombeus, which presented 2n=58. Besides distinct diploid numbers, variable karyotypical formulae were also detected, even between species with the same chromosomal number, showing the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolutionary process of this group, such as fusions and centric fisions and pericentric inversions. No sex chromosome heteromorphism was found in the analyzed species. The silver stained nucleolus organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were always telomeric and multiple, ranging from 4 to 12 marks according to each species. In most species, they were observed on short arms of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes. However, in Colossoma macropomum the Ag-NORs were located at terminal position on long arms and, in Catoprion mento, they were present on short ams of submetacentric chromosomes and on long arms of subtelocentric and acrocentric chromosomes. The 18S rDNA sites were usually coincident with Ag-NORs, although they might occur in a higher number or in distinct chromosomes positions in relation to Ag-NORs. These discrepancies may be attributed to either methodological specificities or to difficulties in detecting some NOR sites, since they are commonly very small within Serrasalminae. The C-banded heterochromatin was observed at pericentromeric region of most chromosomes, being some regions more conspicuous than others, besides some telomeric bands in some chromosomal pairs. All Serrasalmus species presented a proximal heterochromatic block on the long arm of a medium-sized metacentric pair, which seems to be a marker for this genus regarding to its karyotype position (7th pair), once it may be present in other species, such as P. nattereri, but in a larger chromosome (3rd pair). The 5S rDNA sequences were always mapped in a single chromosomal pair. In Serrasalmus species, this pair corresponds to the metacentric pair 7 and in P. nattereri, P. striolatus and C. mento, it corresponds to the medium-sized metacentric pair 3. On its turn, the 5S rDNA sites in C. macropomum were located on short arms of a small metacentric, probably corresponding to the 12th pair. Considering the wide array of the present data, the species of the genera Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycom and Catoprion, in spite of their specific differentiations, showed higher karyotypic similarity with the presence of metacentric, submetacentric, subtelocentric and acrocentric chromosomes, a preferential location of 18S rDNA sites at telomeric region on short arms of subteloacrocentric chromosomes, besides the number and location of 5S rDNA sites in karyotypes. On the other hand, C. macropomum shows quite divergent features, with 2n=54 meta-submetacentric chromosomes, with 18S rDNA sites at terminal region on long arms and interstitial 5S rDNA sites on short arms of chromosomes. Therefore, the location of C. macropomum far from the piranha clades, according to available phylogeny hypotheses for Serrasalminae, is corroborated by our cytogenetic data. Considering that C. macropomum would be a basal representative in the phylogeny of Serrasalminae, chromosomal rearrangements such as centric fissions, besides pericentric inversions, seem to play an important role in the karyotypic differentiation of this group, increasing the basal number of 2n=54 meta-submetacentric to 2n=58, 60 and 62, and giving rise to distinct chromosome forms in relation to those present in C. macropomum. Analogously, the NOR sites have also undergone numerical and positional changes in chromosomes along the karyotypical differentiation of Serrasalminae. As for the 5S rDNA sites, its location in a same position in morphologically similar chromosomes in all analyzed species of the genera Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycom and Catoprion suggests that, once established this location from a distinctive ancestor condition, as that seen in C. macropomum, it has been remained conserved.
Reator enzimático de membrana para proteólise de soro de queijo, visando à produção de concentrado protéico com baixo teor de fenilalanina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Padilla, Rebeca Yndira Cabrera
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0214528880301310
Enzymatic hydrolyzed proteins present some advantages over the pool of amino acids obtained after a chemical hydrolysis: lower osmolality (easier absorption by the organism) and better sensorial characteristics. The removal of phenylalanine (Phe) from these hydrolysates allows their use in the diet of phenylktonuria (PKU) patients. This Thesis studies the sequential hydrolysis of cheese whey proteins. This process aims at producing a protein hydrolysate with low contents of Phe, after two reaction stages: in the first one, concentrated cheese whey proteins are hydrolyzed by the endoprotease chymotrypsin, immobilized on agarose gel. The substrate of the second stage is the product of the first one. This reaction is the central focus of this Thesis, and consists in a hydrolysis using the exoprotease carboxipeptidase A (CPA), immobilized on the same matrix. Since the scope of this work was a process for obtaining a protein hydrolysate with low contents of Phe for phenylketonurics, another stage had to be incorporated: ultrafiltration, to separate the amino acids released by the action of CPA, mainly Phe (and other amino acids that inhibit the reaction). With this purpose, an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) is proposed. It should be noticed that, to the best of our knowledge, the reactor design presented here has not been published yet. The EMR had spherical agarose particles within the reaction space, retained by a stainless steel mesh (400 Tyler). Hence, the ultrafiltration membrane was in charge only of the separation of the amino acids in the hydrolysate, which was continuously recycled to the flask containing the immobilized enzyme. Assays to characterize the membranes were performed. These membranes were then used in the integrated process (reaction with immobilized enzyme coupled to the ultrafiltration), for different experimental conditions. The substrates where Prato and Minas Frescal cheese whey. Two set-ups of the ultrafiltration unit were tested: flat plate and hollow fiber, both with 1 kDa cut-off. The reactor volume/membrane area ratios were 7.5×10-2 cm and 76.9×10-2 cm, respectively. Finally, the performance of three systems was compared: EMR with flat plane and hollow fiber and a batch reactor, followed by diafiltration. The hollow fiber EMR showed the best performance (85% conversion, productivity of 275.2×10-7 ghidrolisado/mgPhe/UH-PHE/h and only 1% retention of Phe in the membrane, after assays of 10 h). The resulting product was appropriate for phenylketonurics, with high protein contents (53.4 g/L), mainly constituted by small peptides (≤ 5.8 kDa) and with 19.9 mgPhe/gProteína, within the admissible range for PKU
Construção da ação docente: aprendizagens de professoras leigas em classes multisseriadas na escola do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Rocha, Solange Helena Ximenes
;
Mizukami, Maria da Graça Nicoletti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2111834686921552
The investigation of different processes that involve the teaching formation has been object of studies in Brazil and abroad and point a to the necessity of that the teachers know and do its daily one. Its still considered important, that the studies fill existing gaps in different sectors of the magistery and contemplate the rural schools and far way from great centers as the rural schools and its teachers. This research argues the learning of teaching and formation of four teachers who had entered as lay people multisseries classrooms in the rural school and had as its professional development in multisseries classrooms. This work characterizes as being an description-analytical study of qualitative nature. It requires as main axles of the analysis the not explicit strategies of formation and the investigation teachers. It was used as support theoretical the studies of Lortie (1975), Huberman (2000), Zeichner and Liston (1993 and 1996), Shulman (2004), Bransford et al (2000), Mizukami et al (2003), Darlind-Hammond and Baratz-Snowden (2005), Hammerness, Darling- Hammond and Bransford, (2005), among others. The analyses of the teachers speaking had evidenced that the learnings of the teaching had given by means of the comment and of the creative imitation of the practical ones of its old teachers. They had pointed that the more the trought content approaches to the lived deeply context, more they have the facility of dealing with them. On the other hand, the more the content to be given moved away context lived deeply by the teachers, more difficulties they have in dealing with them. One still perceived that the new contents need some time to be assimilated and the teachers count on aid of the coleagues of the other schools to surpass such difficulties. One still perceived, that teachers who act in the rural schools in the city of Santarém, had on the basis of established the teaching. A in multisseries classrooms aspects little based theoretically. They seem to have slight knowledge of the general pedagogical knowledge and on it establish your teach. They dominate of precarious form beddings of specific knowledge the each teach and repeat what they had learned with its teachers (know, but do not know as they know). With the two weak axles, the base of knowledge for education is weak mechanics and stereotypicals (Shulman, 1986,1987). It was still proven that the limitation imposed for the absence of formal preparation for the exercise of magistery had shown imperative and the teachers had recognized this as one hindrance in its process of professional development
Foi com o trabalho que me tornei homem: trabalho, gênero e geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-07)
Perticarrari, Daniel
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5533449825584711
The research had as objective to study how the increase on the number of women labor force has affected the division of the domestic work and the construction of the masculine social identity based in the provider paper, through the workers' perception on this change. This study examines the re-meaning or reiteration of the gender identities, having as cross section the generation insertion in the world of the work. Forty two metallurgic workers of São Carlos, SP (being thirty men and twelve women) had been interviewing, recovering the trajectories of life and work and their gender attributions, in the industrial and domestic space. The choice of the metallurgic sector elapsed for consisting in a space of masculine work historically recognized, being this profile changed, slowly, in last the two decades. It was possible to verify a generation cross section that delimits the position of the workers in relation to the work division and their expectation on their gender identity. It has been noticed that the oldest workers (with more than 40 years old), still see in the formal job market (with steady work and labor register) the privileged way of access in the labor and familiar structuring and the construction and valuation of the masculine identity. Presence of a speech of bigger equality between men and women was verified in workers between 30 to 39 years old. Finally, it was observed that young workers (until 29 years old) have greater propensity to insert themselves in the logic of transformations of flexible capitalism, marked for the instability in the labor trajectories. This context has influenced some changes in the gender perception in relation to the sexual division of the work and the biggest dubiousness of the construction of the masculine identity entailed to the work
Potencial genético e químico dos endófitos de Murraya paniculata L. (Jack)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-11)
Souza, Antonia Queiroz Lima de
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Pereira, José Odair
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8499987875894209
The plant Murraya paniculata is native in Asia where its root barks have produced the contraceptive and hormonal alkaloid yuehchukene. In Brazilian specimens no alkaloid was detected. This had inspired new researches about the microorganisms that interact with it in Brazil, including the present work. Therefore, 1711 endophytic microorganisms were isolated from four host plants, in São Paulo State, and the seasonal colonization indexes, the microbial frequencies and the specificities of the identified groups per tissues (microhabitats) were verified. Among the obtained endophytes, 1061 were filamentous fungi and 650 were bacteria, with 62% and 38% of frequency and 33% and 20% of colonization index, respectively. The colonization indexes of the bacteria in comparison to the of fungi were lower in all gatherings and hosts, principally for leaves that, had shown the bigger frequency for the fungi and the smaller for the bacteria. Fungi were clustered in 20 morphological groups, 15 identified to genus level and five unknown, including two Mycelia sterilia. The recognized genera were Fusarium, Colletotrichum and its teleomorphs Giberella and Glomerella respectively, Trichoderma, Phomopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Pestalotiopsis, Alternaria, Xylaria, Nigrospora and Guignardia and the unknown were named A-E groups. The more frequent genera were rich in diversity, according to morphological and molecular data. A more diversity of fungi genera were verified in the winter (17) and a less in the spring (9) as the endophytic fungi were smaller in quantity in the summer (44.7%) and greater in the autumn (77.7%). From a sample of 59 isolates and six fungi as prototypes genomic DNAs were obtained and their ITS-1 regions were sequenced. The unknown strain B (Fed) had sequenced its 5.8s and ITS-2 regions. 21 species were identified by their ITS-1 regions and two others were hypothesized as novelty: one Trichoderma and the Fed that all morphological and chemotaxonomic studies appoint as a new species. Trichoderma associated to M. paniculata were in majority from barks and had showed great diversity of species (9). It was evaluated too the potential of the endophytes from host for bioactive metabolite production. The more promising groups for extracellular substances were the fungi Penicillium, with bactericidal and antiprotozoal actions, Pestalotiopsis, active against Candida, and Trichoderma, with fungicidal and bactericidal activities. For Fed it was noted its intracellular metabolites as strong bactericidal and its volatiles as anti-fungi. By looking for the active principles of those microorganisms, from Penicillium citrinum the citrinin and an undetermined alkaloid were obtained and from Trichoderma koningii 13 metabolites, including four koninginins related to those biological activities observed were identified. From Fed-3, 10 substances were obtained, seven fixed and three volatile, including a novel manosil guaiane type sesquiterpene and the new, as natural substances, 3-Hydroxy-5-phenylmethyl- (3S,5R)-b10-O-tetrahydrofuran-2-one and chloroacetonitrile. The chloroacetonitrile was suggested as the active principle of the Fed s volatiles. This work was important to reveal the diversity of the endophytes from Brasilian M. paniculata, the high variability of their more frequent genera, two possible novel species and the potential of them to produce bioactive and new metabolites. This work is hoped to contribute for understanding the endophytic microorganism biodiversity as well as their chemical and biotechnological potential.
Crenças sobre uma língua e cultura-alvo (alemã) em dimensão intercultural de ensino de língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-12)
Rozenfeld, Cibele Cecílio de Faria
;
Viana, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0943223045871060
In a historical overview of foreign language (FL) teaching, a pragmatic change can be observed starting in the 1970s, in which the emotional and affective aspects of the learners take on a relevant position. This change involves a shift not only in the teacher s role, which passes from that of centralizer, retainer and transmitter of knowledge to facilitator of the process, but also in that of the student, who is now seen to be inserted into a broader learning context and who has now gained the possibility of participating actively in the learning process. In this context, the belief system is perceived as a phenomenon inherent to the affective processes of teachers and/or students, which influences the teaching and learning process and is therefore a relevant factor. In this research of a qualitative nature and ethnographic basis, we sought to investigate and characterize the beliefs of German language students concerning the language and target culture, evaluating their possible origins and how they could be understood by the teacher in the FL teaching/learning process. To achieve these objectives, we sought theoretical backing in belief studies (Barcelos, 2004; Vieira-Abrahão & Barcelos, 2006; Almeida Filho, 1999; Horwitz, 1999 and others) and in assumptions of the interculturality of foreign language teaching and of the understanding of what is foreign (fremd) (Wierlacher, 1998; Weinrich, 1998; Kramsch, 1993; and others). We focused primarily on the concept of intercultural competence (Volkmann, 2002; Weier, 2002; Byram, 2000; and others), seeing it as a way to provide theoretical underpinnings to understand these issues. With this research, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of this construct (beliefs), which has been intensively investigated in the field of language teaching studies. In addition, we aim to provide teachers of German as a FL with critical reflections focusing on learners and on FL teaching as an intercultural practice.
Formação continuada online de professores dos anos iniciais: contribuições para a ampliação da base de conhecimento para o ensino de geometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-12)
Bertoluci, Evandro Antonio
;
Tancredi, Regina Maria Simões Puccinelli
This doctorate thesis identifies and analyzes the contributions of two online distance minicourses to the knowledge base (specific knowledge of geometry, pedagogical knowledge of geometry and pedagogical reasoning processes) of thirteen elementary school teachers who teach geometry from the 1st to the 4th grades. They were participating in a teachers training program called Programa de Apoio aos Educadores: espaço de desenvolvimento profissional, and were members of Portal dos Professores UFSCar (www.portaldosprofessores.ufscar.br), a website which provides teachers with professional support. It is a qualitative intervention research which employs a collaborative and constructive methodology for training teachers. The mini-courses, developed for that purpose, were given totally at distance through the virtual learning environment WebCT. The theoretical basis encompasses teachers training, knowledge base for teaching and distance learning via the Internet as a resource for training teachers. The data, which were collected through digital tools (forum, e-mail, chat room, tasks, message board etc.) and non-digital tools (application forms and questionnaires), were analyzed to show the impact the mini-courses had on the teachers` knowledge base. The results showed their knowledge was significantly enhanced and they could think over the teaching of geometry and their own teaching. The results also showed the strong and weak points of training teachers at distance using the virtual learning environment WebCT and the methodology adopted. To conclude, the study offers suggestions for public policies on distance training for teachers via the Internet and for courses in virtual learning environments similar to WebCT
O Ato Adicional de 1834 e a instrução elementar no império: descentralização ou centralização?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-13)
Castanha, Andre Paulo
;
Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8802056543966163
The following research seeks to understand the organization process of elementary public education in Brazil imperial. A study comparing the implemented actions by the Imperial Court, Rio de Janeiro, Mato Grosso and Paraná provinces was done. The main goal is to understand the State action in the definition of the politics of public education, in the period 1834-1889. The start point was the Additional Act of 1834, since historiography gives it the responsibility of the failure and disorganization of education in the provinces. For most of historians the decentralization fragmented the meager projects and resources available, contributing to the proliferation of contradictories laws, putting down the elementary education in Brazil imperial. Therefore, this study intents to raise the debate with the Brazilian educational historiography according to the Additional Act of 1834, and the form of organization of the elementary instruction in the Empire. The research basically uses the primary sources, highlighting the reports of the ministers of the ministry of the Empire business, provinces chairmen, the inspectors of public instruction, educational legislation produced by the four administrative units in the correspondent time in addition to several authors of the nineteenth century. The study of the primary sources has brought to light a significant number of information, which allows the review of the historiographical debate on the form of organization of elementary education in the Empire. The studied documents establish clear links between the organization of public education in the provinces and the project of construction and constitution of the Imperial State and the Senior Class. The documents also show the political strength of the conservative group in the Court and Rio de Janeiro Province. The principles of order, hierarchy, centralization and morality constitute the columns in the organization of public elementary education aiming to prepare the future citizens to live in an ordered society, where each class should occupy a place and function in the social structure. The study is divided into three parts. The first, entitled - The Additional Act: The education in a crossroad, which way to go? Made of two chapters: the first about the independence to imperial crises: the dialectic of power, and the second, The Additional Act: limits, possibilities and historiography. The second part - the imperial public education from primary sources- which the history of each compared unit was written based on the reports of the ministers, province chairmen, inspectors, articulating with all the legislation being produced, ordered and implemented in each of the administrative units. The third was named- The educational legislation and the construction of the empire- divided into three chapters: first, The agents of inspections into laws, speeches and action. Second: Curriculum: Instruct or educate? and Third, The Professor: the process of selecting the agent of civilization. Where the central sources were the regulations, in the same time, the reports of the inspectors, chairmen and the authors of the nineteenth century were also used. The search allows saying that the primary public instruction was relevant for the construction and dissemination of the model of Society and the State that became victorious over the nineteenth century, which still manifests many practices nowadays.
Transformação de modelos orientados a objetos em modelos de banco de dados objeto-relacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Pereira, Marco Antonio
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
In general, software systems implemented based on Object Oriented (OO) concepts persist their information in Relational Database (RDB) and more recently in Object Relational Database (ORDB), which support the OO paradigm concepts. Therefore, it is common to use OO Models for software system requirements specification whose information are persisted in ORDB. Thus, the transformation of OO Models into Database Models has been an issue of several researches, particularly in the case of ORDB Models. Motivated in researching the transformation of OO models in ORDB Models and in Codes Structured Query Language (SQL), this work investigated an approach based on the idea of model driven development of Object Management Group (OMG), Model Driven Architecture (MDA), and offered it in a prototype form built as extension of the Multiple Views CASE (MVCASE) tool. As main result of this research we have the application of an approach that helps the Software Engineer in the development of OO Models and its transformation into ORDB Models and consequent generation of SQL Codes
Aplicações de estatística em marketing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Carvalho, Thiago Daniel
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4835684971884973
In this work, we analyse the use of the statistics in the improvement of some attitudes of a company regarding marketing strategy. We deal with methods which permit the identification of the best costumers and the preferences of those costumers for product/service characteristics, so that a company can relate itself better to its costumers.
Sistemas de cobre : agentes quimioterápicos potenciais para combater o crescimento de tumores malignos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Santos, Mirian Paula dos
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0925783986399077
In order to find inorganic compounds with biological properties as chemotherapeutic agents that could increase the possibilities in the treatment of some diseases, copper complexes with Schiff base ligands were prepared and characterized. In this work we prepared 63 compounds, being 19 symmetrical tetradentate Schiff base ligands and their respective copper complexes, 16 copper complexes with unsymmetrical tetradentate Schiff base ligands and 9 copper complexes with tridentate Schiff base ligands derived from ethylenediamine, trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and orto-phenylenediamine, with salicylaldehyde or substituted salicylaldehyde. All were characterized by vibracional spectroscopy (infrared), electronic spectroscopy (ultraviolet-visible) and others methods such as solubility, melting points. Some complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and magnetic susceptibility. The structures of [Cu(3-MeOsalen)], [Cu(3- EtOsalen)] and [Cu(4-DEAsalen)], have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity of the symmetrical complex [Cu(4-DEAsalen)], was evaluated using HPV-16 and HPV-18 infected cells. Cytotoxicity tests using spleen cells of BALB/c mice were performed using 5 tridentate complexes. The characterization results show that the synthesis had been successful with good yields. The effect of the substitution on the aromatic ring was compared for compounds within a series and between different series.
Da hierarquização funcional à segregação do espaço urbano : uma análise da Vila Operadora de Estreito-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Liporone, Francis
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Silva, Ricardo Siloto da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5119928718775558
Despite being independent from the housing market and its effects, the residential villages, built by companies linked with the productive and energetic sectors for their workers, has reproduced the fragmentation space typical from a city where the space conflicts are noticeable. It s the relation company/urban formation which states the singularity of these living sites which are found all over the national territory. The operating village (similar to a company town) of Estreito hydroelectric dam placed in the countryside of São Paulo state (Pedregulho municipality, microregion of Franca), undoubtly one of these cases, is the main objective focused on present study. The way that either main or general objective of the research is to understand, using analytical comparisons to other urban experiences of villages, the motivating processes for the production of a segregative space in the village of Estreito which belongs to Furnas Centrais Elétricas S/A. As a strategy of research, the study focus on the moment which the village of Estreito-SP was idealized and implanted, its original project, in other words, it was discussed the initial objectives of the creation of a village with segregative spaces and its main characteristics. So, the proceeding method adopted passed along and abstracted points of historical method looking for comprehension of the object on its time as well as its development. It was used not only survey applied at the residents of the village who has lived therefore more than twenty years, some informal notes but also the experience and living of the researcher in the location to reach the analytical description of the object. It was made a literary analysis tanging the thematic of social-spacial segregation and of the Company towns and its correlative as the operating villages in the first part of this dissertation. In the sequence descriptions and analysis of the empiric object,the village of Estreito by studying the calculated case in a descriptive and analytic history. To end the research there are the final considerations in which some indagations of research are answered such as the indication of main motivating factors to create a space which states the quality of life including the different living types is the attraction of qualified labor force to end the research.
Análise da processabilidade de blendas PBT/ABS compatibilizadas in situ com copolímeros acrílicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Figueira, Rossana Cristina Rossoni
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Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316851136098325
Poly(butylene terephthalate)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PBT/ABS) blends show high toughness at room temperature, low ductile-brittle transition temperature and stable morphology when compatibilized. The flowability of PBT/ABS blends compatibilized in situ with methyl metacrylate- glicydil metacrylate-etyl acrylate (MGE) copolymer changes drastically with the kinds of ABS, PBT used and with the level of interfacial adhesion. In this work, a high rubber content ABS was mixed with PMMA and SAN copolymer. These blends were introduced in PBT/ABS/MGE system to study the processability. The addition of ABS/SAN or ABS/PMMA in the PBT/ABS/MGE blends didn t show high decreased of the torque in the blends with rubber content of 12 and 16 wt%. PBT 315/ABS/MGE and PBT 325/ABS/MGE blends showed inversion of viscosity concerning pure ABS under permanent shear condition. The mechanical properties of PBT/(ABS/SAN or PMMA)/MGE showed that the Young modulus and yield stress are not affected by the change of PBT matrix molecular weight. The kind of PBT matrix used changes strongly the blends behavior under impact, altering the values of ductile-brittle transition temperature and impact resistance. PBT 315 and ABS showed almost the same flow length. The compositions with ABS/PMMA added showed a higher flow length tendency in PBT 315 and PBT 325 blends. Blends with PBT 195 showed better flowability. However, these blends didn t become tough systems. The better mechanical properties/moldability relationship to PBT 315 and PBT 325 blends was observed for ABS/SAN or ABS/PMMA added with a rubber content of 30 %wt.
Desempenhos emergentes e leitura funcional em crianças com transtornos do espectro autístico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Gomes, Camila Graciella Santos
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060252495001734
People with autism display a number of marked deficits in communication, symbolic or imaginative activities, reciprocal social interaction and the presence of a pattern of restrict behavior. Follow-up studies indicate that people with autism show difficulties in learning relationships between stimulus through conventional interventions. The first study assessed the performance of twenty persons with autism in an identity matching-to-sample task, using two procedures with different stimuli arrangements and different response requirements. The typical matching procedure presented one sample and three comparison stimuli; the adapted matching displayed three samples and three comparison stimuli simultaneously. The average scores of correct performance were significantly higher under the adapted matching than under the typical matching, but the inter-individual variability was large and the adapted arrangement favored mainly the performance of participants with lower scores. The second study investigated the emergence of performance that had not been directly taught to autistic children. Four children with autism learned to match one-element comparison stimuli to twoelement sample stimuli, in adapted matching-to-sample tasks. They also learned to name pictures. It was used a multiple baseline design. Relations between pictures and printed words and identification/nomination of printed words had been tested and the outcomes indicate the emergence of performances that had not been directly taught and the formation of stimulus equivalence classes. The dataset suggests the importance of the organization of stimuli in the tasks and the teaching of arbitrary relations as part of the conditions to promote the establishment of symbolic behavior in people with autism
Um método de busca usando algoritmo genético para programação reativa da produção de sistemas de manufatura com recursos compartilhados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-14)
Deriz, Ana Claudia
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Morandin Júnior, Orides
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4114541642595573
Search strategies have been used to solve the problem of scheduling of Manufacturing Systems with Shared Resources. However, depending on the size and complexity of the manufacturing system, the response time of the search becomes critical. Reseaches aim to use of Genetic Algorithms as a search method to solve the scheduling problem. This work proposes a modeling of Genetic Algorithm to solve this problem having as performance criteria the minimum makespan of the scheduling and obtaining a low response time of the search.