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Perfil de maturidade do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em empresas de pequeno e médio porte do setor de máquinas e implementos agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-03) Simões, Julianita Maria Scaranello; Toledo, José Carlos de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5280499767233599
The Brazilian agricultural machines and implements section has presented significant growth in recent years. This growth is related not only to Brazil s high performance in agrobusiness, but also to a technological progress seen in the sector of agricultural machines and implements that has enabled these companies greater insertion in the internal and external market. In view of such scenario, the product development process (PDP), if well structured and managed, becomes a business process that directly influences in the companies competitiveness increase. However, it is seen that with regard to the PDP in Brazilian small and medium-sized companies (SMCs) of agricultural machinery and implements (AMIs), very little is known about them as most of the publications on product development focus on the reality of large and multinational companies, which have a structure quite different from SMCs. In the few publications about the PDP in the SMCs of this sector, there are indications of a low degree of PDP structuring and management in these companies. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to characterize and analyze the profiles of management maturity of the product development process in small and medium sized Brazilian companies, of the agricultural machines and implements section, located in the state of São Paulo, so that the addressed actions of PDP improvements in these companies can be undertaken. A survey research in 40 companies (25 small-sized and 15 medium-sized) was conducted. An in loco interview was applied to the respective individual in-charge of PDP by means of a structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of clusters techniques was used. The sample indicated that all the SMCs of AMIs of the state of Sao Paulo presents a heterogeneous structure with respect to PDP management. Three groups of companies were identified in the sample with different maturity profiles of PDP: Group I (20% of companies in the sample), Group II (50% of the sample) and Group III (30% of the sample). The differences in the management of PDP were observed, especially among companies of Group I (smallest level of PDP maturity) and Group III (highest level of PDP maturity). However, despite differences in PDP management presented in the groups of companies, according to the literature on PDP management, all of the groups are in a basic (initial) maturity level of PDP. The sampled companies are in a basic maturity level, since most of them are in the stage of standardization of the development incremental cycle, and predominantly use only the CAD as a support tool for the PDP, and performance indicators are not yet used in the managing process. The identification of the maturity level, in which these companies are, helps in both the determination of activities that link the internal actions to improve the PDP of these companies, as in the proposal of specific public policies that encourage the improvement of product development for domestic companies of the sector.
Características antropométricas dos pés de indivíduos idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007-12-03) Castro, Alessandra Paiva de; Rebelatto, José Rubens; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9752231881764067
The changes due to senescence induce anatomical modifications in the foot which leading the older persons to have difficulty to find comfortable and safe shoes. The aims of this study were to identify the peculiar anthropometric characteristics of the elderly foot in São Carlos City, becoming possible the development of appropriate shoes for elderly population; and to verify relations between anthropometric variables and wearing incorrectly sized shoes, gender, age, foot pain, foot posture and diseases. The sample was calculated based on elderly population of São Carlos City and following its gender and age group proportions. Took part of this study 399 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, of both genders (227 women and 172 men). The participants answered a questionnaire concerning social aspects, orthopedic assessment and questions related to the use of shoes. The anthropometric evaluation of the feet comprised variables of lengths, circumferences, widths, heights, angles, Arch Index and Foot Posture Index. The data analysis was performed using the T-student test, Analysis of Variance, Tukey test, probability analysis, chi-square test and Pearson s Correlation. The characterization of the foot of the elderly in São Carlos City was done using descriptive analysis (means, standard deviation, minimal and maximal values and standard error) and the means and standard deviation were distributed by intervals of foot lengths according to the shoe size.The participants wearing the incorrect shoe size presented larger values for widths, heights, perimeters and first metatarsophalangeal joint angle than those wearing the correct size. Women had feet proportionally wider, flatter and more abducted, while men had feet proportionally higher than women. Lower limb pain and pain associated with wearing shoes were correlated with the female gender and wearing the incorrect shoe size was correlated with the male gender. There was found a negative middle correlation between the Foot Posture Index and the instep and medial malleolus heights. The proportion of flat and cavus feet was high. Elderly with flat feet had more pronated feet, greater bulging in the region of talonavicular joint and smaller height of first metatarsal head, foot curvature, instep and medial malleolus. The obtained data can possibilities design shoes based on the specific anthropometric measurements of the elderly population.