Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2008-07-21"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21300

O que é, o que é?: um ambiente de co-autoria de jogos educacionais baseados em cartas contextualizadas usando conhecimento de senso comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-21)
Pereira, Eliane Nascimento
;
Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1779566969221196
Computer use as a mediating tool in education has been discussed and researched in different areas. The aims are to promote knowledge building, to motivate and to engage students and teachers in it. It also increases their digital literacy. However, several factors should be considered in implementing computers at school, for instance, how to involve teachers so they accept computer to change how they teach. Teachers training program should aim at helping them to include computer in their class activities and also to help them to choose software suitable to pedagogic aims defined in school syllabus. This research fulfills the latter aim concerning developing and evaluating an online system which allows teachers to be co-author of an educational online game. Teachers can contextualize it to students' reality, exploring the transversal themes proposed in the Parameters National Syllabus Standards for primary education, allowing teachers to create, even if partially, a computer tool to promote significant learning or to reinforce concepts presented in class. The content card is an outcome of the use of a filtering process of a semantic net generated from the knowledge base of common sense of the Open Mind Common Sense Brasil (OMCS-Br) project. To accomplish the research aims, a step-by-step guide was developed to help teachers to elaborate of the game content. This online game is a guessing game based on contextualized cards, which request players to discover which is secret word from a specific given topic, using some clues presented to him. This game system was developed according to international usability parameters. Then an evaluation test was conducted to evaluate users' satisfaction (in this case specific teachers and students) when they interacted with the game system. In general it can be considered objectives were fulfilled. First, a game system was developed integrated knowledge base. Second, evaluation test reported teachers satisfaction in being co-author a computer game for their students and students are looking forward to using this computer game as support to pedagogic activities at school.
Estudo da fusão de superfície da prata por dinâmica molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-23)
Gonçalves, Luis Gustavo Vieira
;
Rino, José Pedro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801067322823031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801297606724628
A study about surface melting on silver using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is the proposal of this work. We applied the Embedded Atom Method as the many-body interaction potential to describe Ag properties. Simulations were done in the microcanonical ensemble, for the study of bulk properties, and in the canonical ensemble, for simulations of the solid with surfaces. As a preliminary result, we obtained the equilibrium melting point Tm equal 1264(12)K from solid-liquid coexistence configurations. Surfaces were simulated using repeated slabs separated by vacuum in the z direction, while keeping periodic boundary conditions in the remaining directions. Results showed that Ag[110] is the lone orientation that has surface melting. Ag[111] maintains its crystalline structure even after reaching Tm, while it could be overheated by 100K. Other properties like density of states, thermal expansion and surface relaxation were in good agreement with experimental data.
Caracterização genética e biométrica das populações de camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis de três localidades da costa do Rio Grande do Norte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-25)
Pinheiro, Allysson Pontes
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6694712411033380
Shrimp catch is one of the main fishing activities in the world, mostly for the high value of commercialization reached by shrimp meat. Biological characteristics of penaeids make this group of shrimps aspirant to show different levels of population structure. Penaeid species like Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis are dependent of the estuary to complete its life cycle. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate if populations of F. brasiliensis, from the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, are structured by morphometrical and molecular analysis. Several measurements (Lt, Lc, La and weight) were recorded for each specimen. Divergence between places has been evaluated by univariate (ANOVA) and multivaried (Discriminant Analysis) techniques. FSTAT and GENEPOP were used to get the molecular levels of genetic variability in each population, as well as, comparisons between populations. The frequentist and bayesian methods were used to detect migrants in GENECLASS software. The results of the 3 morphometric analysis pointed out differences between sex-ratio in all analyzed localities. These results probably are related with differences in growth rate between sex and/or spatial stratification. Significant morphometric differences were obtained between populations by the univariate and multivaried methods. These differences could be consequence of the estuary necessity to complete the life cycle in F. brasiliensis. Likewise, local differences could contribute for these results. Females were more divergent among different areas than males. This result also could be a reflex of the biological characteristics of this species, due to the great relation between the spawning places and the females. The interval between insemination and spawning in shrimp females can be of 10 to 20 days. The molecular results showed medium levels of genetic variability in the analyzed localities. When compared with other species from the same family Ho varied between 0,471 and 0,540. The FST values did not showed genetic structure. However, these results could reflect the low number of analyzed loci, or the predominance of females in the samples, a characteristic inherent of the penaeids. The procedure used to detect migrants did not support the existence of migrants among evaluated populations; however some individuals had been excluded from all populations, probably belonging to other populations not sampled. In such a way, the set of results obtained, plus the biological characteristics of this species, and the distinct environmental characteristics among areas allow us to infer an existence of at least two F. brasiliensis stocks in Rio Grande do Norte coast.
Histórias infantis e matemática: a mobilização de recursos, a apropriação de conhecimentos e a receptividade de alunos de 4ª série do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-28)
Souza, Ana Paula Gestoso de
;
Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662760426985944
Considering a teaching/learning environment where literature and mathematics were connected, this research tried to investigate the ways by which the students of a fourth grade elementary school class acquired the school content, managed it and accepted the proposed methodology. In the theoretical reference, we discuss concepts and ideas such as: the perspectives of some authors on knowledge fragmentation and how it takes place in school; the means by which knowledge can be addressed in school; and the relationship of the students with such knowledge and with the teaching/learning context in which they are placed. We also discuss the impregnation of language with mathematics, the potential of reading, and the possibilities of developing a methodology that connects education, language, literature and mathematics. This research was developed in a fourth grade class of a public school in São Carlos (São Paulo State) according to a pedagogical sequence that articulated mathematics and children s literature the books chosen were The duck s lollipop and Sweet Fractions . The mathematical content developed was: fraction concept of part-whole, comparison and equivalence of fractions. The classes were recorded on video. Other information includes the number of students 33 and the fact that all of them participated in the pedagogical intervention, although only 13 had their learning processes and exercises analysed: the ones who had authorized us to do so. During the development of the pedagogical intervention, we could notice that many students were receptive to the work proposed i.e., the connection between literature and mathematics and acted as active subjects, taking part in the activities. Another aspect to point out is the importance of the use of manipulative materials for the students learning, because they allowed the children to come up with their own thoughts, and to produce and test hypotheses and strategies, getting involved in the process of understanding the material presented. By investigating the learning process of these students, we emphasize the educator s role as a mediator who, being aware of the previous knowledge of the students about certain subjects and understanding the strategies used by them to solve a situation, will be able to use some conditions and effective interventions in order to enable the students reasoning. Therefore, the students developed assumptions, strategies and interacted with the narratives, constructed mathematical notions, established a relationship of interiority with the knowledge, and the process itself involved the personal knowledge, life stories and experiences, i.e, the uniquenesses of each human subject who is part of the educational process and who creates himself/herself in daily school life, also creating the whole environment.
Avaliação química de solos tratados com vinhaça e cultivados com alfafa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-29)
Bianchi, Silmara Rossana
;
Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8503338877948315
It is fundamental the presence of nutrients in the soil to assure its good quality and performance. If the soil is not able to supply the adequate levels of nutrients that the plants need to survive, these nutrients have to be added in the form of salts or organic fertilizers. Vinasse, the main residue produced during alcoholic distillation (13 liters of vinasse to 1 liter of produced alcohol), is mainly constituted of organic matter, elevate amount of nitrate and potassium, and it has been used as a substitute of mineral fertilizers. In this work, the use of sensors that select chemical such as nitrate, ammonium, potassium and phosphate and its associated instrumentation was evaluated in the soil s ions monitoring throughout growing doses of vinasse in an alfalfa culture by using in situ analyses. The vinasse additions effects in the soil s chemical characteristics, in the alfalfa production, and in the ions leaching were evaluated. The use of vinasse to replacement mineral fertilizer in the alfalfa production was also evaluated. During the experiments, performed in a greenhouse, vinasse doses corresponding to 0, 300, 400, 600, and 750 m3 ha-1 were applied in the clay soil (Orthic Ferralsol), and 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 m3 ha-1 were applied in the sandy soil (Ustoxix Quatzipamment). Doses of 150 mg kg-1 of K as KCl and K2SO4 were provided as mineral fertilizers. The results indicated the viability of the use of sensors installed in the probe in the ions soil monitoring, except of ammonium, which sensor suffers interference of the high amount of potassium present in the vinasse. Multiparametric analysis of the results allowed the view of the qualitative effects of the different treatments. Soils treated with vinasse presented an increase in the potassium, calcium, and magnesium amount, in the exchanged cations capacity, in the bases saturation and in the pH. The foliar amount of potassium harvest in the two kinds of soils also increased, and the vinasse fertilization produced more dry matter when compared with the mineral KCl and K2SO4 treatments. The amount of nitrate and ammonium presented in the leached solution were higher than the allowed by the Conama 357.
Estudo da interação de elétrons com moléculas relevantes à atmosfera
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-30)
Sugohara, Renato Takeshi
;
Iga, Ione
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934634344275868
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8807948509480699
In this work, we present Absolute Elastic Differential (SCDE), Integral Elastic (SCIE) and Momentum-Transfer (SCTM) Cross Sections for electron scattering by n-Butane (C4H10), Benzene (C6H6), Methanol (CH3OH), Ethanol (C2H5OH), 1-propanol (C3H7OH) and 2-propanol (C3H7OH). The measurements were performed for incident energies of electron in the range of 200 eV to 1000 eV. The methodology used is based in the crossed electron beammolecular beam geometry. The technique used for the normalization of measurements is the Relative Flow Technique. For better understanding of the kinetics involved in the gas flow rate, a systematic study was performed for the noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr e Xe at various pressures, determining how to obtain these data through the decay of pressure as a function of time. The absolutes values of DCS, ICS and MTCS obtained experimentally were compared with values calculated by the Independent-Atom Model (MAI) and the Additivity Rule (RA).
Desenvolvimento de método analítico com emprego da espectrometria de absorção atômica para a determinação de Cd, Fe, Pb e Zn em amostras de interesse alimentício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-31)
Col, José Augusto da
;
Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2190255150658571
Analytical chemistry plays a fundamental role in proposing fast and reliable procedures to analyze food samples. Proper selection and introduction of complementary foods reduces the vulnerability to micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to propose a sensitive approach for the promotion of adequate food supplements regarding Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn contents. For the development of this method, factorial design was used for experimental conditions optimization. These metals were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - FAAS (Fe and Zn) and Thermospray Flame Furnace AAS (Cd and Pb). In TS-FF-AAS, a nickel tube is used as atomizer; since the sample is totally introduced into the tube, an increase in method sensitivity is obtained. Besides, flame residence time is extended, increasing efficiency of atomizing processes. Additionally, a simple procedure mixing the sample (100 mg) with 0.1 mol/L HCl was proposed. In food analysis, limits of detection (LOD) of 0.6, 100, 6.0 and 32 µg/L for Cd, Fe, Pb and Zn were obtained, respectively. Standard Relative Deviations (RSD) for elements Cd (n = 14), Fe (n = 3) and Zn (n = 19) were of 7.0, 5.5 and 6.0%, respectively. Analytical frequency of the method was of 28 determinations per hour with an analytical speed of 8 samples per hour (from sample preparation to determination). All determinations were performed with the same atomizing tube, which, even after 2270 determinations (around 76 h), did not present sensitivity losses. Cadmium and Zn showed suitable results when a bovine liver certified sample (SRM 1577b) was studied and the Fe content was strongly correlated to the size of the particle. Toxic metals Cd and Pb were not detected in the studied food samples. Regarding the essential elements, there was no increase in the Fe and Zn when the supplement is used. Information about food quality could be obtained, and the proposed method fits the purpose.
Sistemas logísticos : estudos de caso em três cadeias de suprimentos no segmento de motores para automóveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-07-31)
Bonadio, Patricia Viera Grizola
;
Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6645440914763919
The worldwide (and thus Brazilian) automotive industry has undergone a process of important changes. Specifically in Brazil, the set up of new automakers, the consolidation and denationalization of the auto parts, and phenomena like the lowdisplacement engines have brought major strategic implicates to those companies, as well as to the supply chain to which they belong. Considering such implications, it is plausible to accept that several organizational elements were strongly impacted, including Supply Chain Management and Logistics. In this sense, the work has the prime objective to identify and analyze the logistics of three car-engine assemblers and some of their first and second- tier suppliers, discussing the relations between the logistics of each assembler and its suppliers in each supply chain studied. The hypothesis was formulated through literature review on the issues concerning this theme was carried out, as wells as a field research. Such research comprised case studies in three chains, led by assemblers with distinct strategies, with different levels of vertical interaction, representing distinct configurations. The case studies were conducted in the three assemblers and some of their suppliers (from the first and second tiers, in each chain), base don semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that, in general, the chain in function the structure and relations with supply implement logistics systems different.
Monitoramento in-line da formação de nanocompósitos PP/MMT via intercalação no estado fundido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-04)
Bertolino, Marcelo Koga
;
Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
The aim of this work is to monitor in-line, using an optical detector fitted at the extruder die exit, the formation of PP/MMT nanocomposites during polymer melt compounding. The intensity of the detector´s signal is dependent of the clay type (organofilization treatment), concentration and particle size, and so it is possible to monitor the presence of the clay tactoids due to their light extinction. The MMT clay is added as a pulse with constant weight into the PP extrusion flow and its presence is followed by the optical detector at the die exit. The data comes out as the common residence time distribution curves having its maximum intensity dependent upon the clay average particle size. On clay exfoliation the size of the tactoids are reduced to levels below the minimum particle size for producing light extinction and so the signal intensity reduces as the nanosize composite is formed. X-Ray diffraction analyses are used as offline monitoring of the nanocomposite formation. The results show that it is possible to use the optical detector to monitoring in-line the formation of nanocomposites.
A mídia impressa na promoção de discursos sobre políticas de igualdade racial : o negro e a revista Raça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-04)
Braga, Amanda Batista
;
Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466537417099357
Notre recherche problématise les discours qui soutiennent la construction de l égalité raciale au Brésil (ou bien, l effort pour), représentés par des énoncés sur les Politiques d Actions Positives transmis par les médias imprimées. Ces politiques represéntent une nouvelle façon de combat au préjugé au Brésil grâce à l adoption, a partir 1996, des politiques d identité, au détriment des politiques d intégration. Ainsi, le combat au racisme est mené selon une optique affirmative, en ratifiant de manière positive, les différences par les biais du discours de la fierté noire. Nous avons comme objectif débattre la trajectoire discoursive des ces politiques, en analysant comment ces discours sont produits, soutenus ou modifiés, par de médias imprimée et de quelle façon ils construisent des identités. Le corpus de notre recherche est constitué, plus particulièrement, par les discours qui sont inscrit dans le magazine Raça Brasil. Ce magazine a été publié, pour la première fois, en septembre 1996, à l apogée de toutes les discussions sur la question raciale au Brésil. Il se présente comme Le magazine des noires brésiliens, dont le but est celui de redonner aux noirs l estime de soi et de visibilité dans le marché médiatique et de la mode, donc, ouvrir une voie pour la valorisation des races qui ne soient que basée sur le combat au racisme, mais sur l affirmation de l identité. Avec le but de comprendre et de discuter de la production de ces identités dans les médias, surtout dans le magazine Raça, nous avons essayé de lancer quelques lumières sur le rapport établi par le biais du discours entre les noires et son esthétique. Dans ce context-là, nous trouvons dans le signe du cheveu crépu, frisé, un symbole producteur des signifiés pluriel, variable en accord avec les conditions de production discursifs. Basées sur ce contexte de pouvoir dans lequel s inscrit dans les discours médiatiques les rapports de gens noirs avec son cheveu, nous voulons démontrer comment les discours sur les usages des cheveux, et ainsi les sens qui lui sont attribués, font partie du processus de construction d une certaine identité. Notre recherche est, donc, une analyse des discours des politiques affirmatives, des rapports de pouvoir qui les traversent et des modes de production d identité qui sont inscrit dans les médias imprimées.
Influência da incorporação de aditivos nas propriedades do Poli (Hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) - PHBV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-05)
Brunel, Daiane Gomes
;
Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3739421391346977
The concept of environmentally correct products has been exhaustively discussed and, today, the use of biodegradable polymers appears as a feasible alternative for the problem of inadequate disposal of plastic waste products. Poly(hydroxybutyrate) PHB and the copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyvalerate) PHBV are among the main members of the class of biodegradable polymers, which are thermoplastic polymers produced from a renewable source and 100% biodegradable. However, PHB and PHBV still present several limitations, such as stiffness and brittleness, low thermal stability, and a narrow process window. However, the thermal and mechanical performance of PHB and PHBV can be improved through the use of additives. In view of this fact, the objective of this study was to produce materials with properties optimized through the incorporation of a plasticizer, nucleant and thermal stabilizer to the PHBV copolymer. The formulations were subjected to the following tests: tensile and notched Izod impact tests, melt flow index, differential exploratory calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Additivation of the copolymers proved effective, usually resulting in adequate processability due to the presence of the nucleant and the improved physicomechanical properties provided by the plasticizer. The thermal stabilizer proved dispensable since the stability of the PHBV was not improved. A comparison was made of the results obtained in some properties for the two copolymers with different hydroxyvalerate contents. The copolymer containing more HV proved better than the other, even displaying greater compatibility with the most efficient additives. The biodegradability was evaluated based on mass loss, alterations in the mechanical tensile properties, and SEM analysis after 180 days in organic soil. The additivated formulations presented higher mass loss than the pure copolymer, indicating the feasibility of producing a copolymer with adequate physical and mechanical properties combined with the desired biodegradability.
Modelagem fuzzy usando agrupamento condicional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Nogueira, Tatiane Marques
;
Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851148137941240
The combination of fuzzy systems with clustering algorithms has great acceptance in the scientific community mainly due to its adherence to the advantage balance principle of computational intelligence, in which different methodologies collaborate with each other potentializing the usefulness and applicability of the resulting systems. Fuzzy Modeling using clustering algorithms presents the transparency and comprehensibility typical of the linguistic fuzzy systems at the same time that benefits from the possibilities of dimensionality reduction by means of clustering. In this work is presented the Fuzzy-CCM method (Fuzzy Conditional Clustering based Modeling) which consists of a new approach for Fuzzy Modeling based on the Fuzzy Conditional Clustering algorithm aiming at providing new means to address the topic of interpretability of fuzzy rules bases. With the Fuzzy-CCM method the balance between interpretability and accuracy of fuzzy rules is dealt with through the definition of contexts defined by a small number of input variables and the generation of clusters induced by these contexts. The rules are generated in a different format, with linguistic variables and clusters in the antecedent. Some experiments have been carried out using different knowledge domains in order to validate the proposed approach by comparing the results with the ones obtained by the Wang&Mendel and conventional Fuzzy C-Means methods. The theoretical foundations, the advantages of the method, the experiments and results are presented and discussed.
Contribuição do sistema de gestão empresarial (SGE) à efetivação da estratégia de produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Gonzalez, Cleber Camacho
;
Nogueira, Edemilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4528400534946550
This work assumes that the success of an enterprise can be reached out more easily if the strategic hierarchies are respected. Thus, the decisions referring to the operational area ought to follow the paths proposed by the operation strategy, which should be subordinated to and coherent with the corporative strategy. Having this as a main basis, this study focuses on the strategic objectives of operations and, by means of case studies, it aims at verifying the contribution of enterprise management system (EMS) to its elaboration. The cases were studied aiming at knowing the performance objectives most valued by the company administration and the production function too. Next, this work studies in the operational area which traits of a EMS can mostly contribute in the effectiveness of these strategic objectives. Finally, an inventory about the utilization of the EMS is elaborated and a comparative analysis is carried out so that it is possible to identify the adequacy level existent. In order to get the reader acquainted to the themes discussed a bibliographical review was made and it covers Operation Strategy, Enterprise Management System and the Strategic Alignment between them. By the end of this study, it was possible to observe that the enterprise strategy has been communicating efficiently with the operational area and that the utilization of EMS contributes to the strategic effectiveness of operation. Nevertheless, it can be realized that this contribution could be more relevant in case the alignment between Operational areas and IT were worked out more elaboratedly. In relation to the alignment level, analyses did not show significant differences neither among the companies researched in spite of the fact they belong to different action areas, nor among different EMS or their versions.
Purificação de penicilina G por adsorção em resinas hidrofóbicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Barros, André Nogueira Castro de
;
Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8455531675596427
The separation of biotechnological products is an area of great economic importance once it represents the majority of the cost of this product. On industrial production of penicillin G (penG), the separation of the antibiotic has been made by extraction on organic solvent. However the decrease on the use of these solvents has become imperative in many chemical processes, caused mainly by environmental issues, which has motivating the pharmaceutical company PRODOTTI S/A, penG producer, on the research of new and less environmental aggressive ways to obtain this substance. Adsorption is one of the methods of concentration/purification most used by the chemical industry and it is based on the attraction exercised over the product (liquid phase) by a solid phase. The project sponsored by UFSCar/Prodotti/FINEP in progress has as one of its aims the study of the technical availability of substitution of extraction of penG by solvents for extraction by adsorption in hydrophobic resins. The penG, which is a weak acid, has therefore a favorable adsorption in low pH values. Nevertheless, penG can degrade itself under such conditions of pH, being required, in this way, adequate conditions for the operation. Therefore, the objective of this assignment was evaluate the influence of pH and temperature on the efficiency on adsorption of penG by hydrophobic resins, seeking conditions for maximum efficiency that do not result in degradation. Initially, it was necessary to develop the methodology that could allowed that analysis of a huge amount of penG samples in culture medium, which means that the penG could be analyzed in the presence of other nutrients and also could be distinguished between the intact and the degradated form. Some methods such as CLAE, iodometric and bioassay were analyzed and the conclusion was the CLAE method was necessary and also was able to quantify the penG s degradation rate. This features allowed the studies of penG s stability when exposed to different value pH and temperatures, the maximum half-life that it was stable in each condition and the time of growth, which means that it was possible to determine the time that the variation in the medium s concentration that did not affect the quantification of penG. Nevertheless, the CLAE method is very expensive to be applied to a large number of samples originated from culture medium. With this in mind, a new methodology was developed based on the complete hydrolysis of penG catalyzed by the penicillin G acilase, and this reaction proved to be precise and reproducible, reasons for being chosen in the later steps of this study. The efficiency of adsorption of penG was evaluated in the resins XAD-4, XAD-7, XAD-761 and activated carbon, and the XAD-4 resin has shown to be the most efficient with little increment of efficiency at pH 4.0 (44%) when compared to pH 6.0 (36%). Therefore, the XAD-4 resin was studied for parameters such as adsorption kinetics and the isotherms of adsorption were determined in different value of pH and temperatures. The Langmuir s isotherm had the best fit into the data collected in all the conditions, with maximum value of qmax = 595.06±51.54 mg penG/g resin, at pH 4 and 4°C. In order to analyze the adsorptions in value of pH lower than 4.0 without the occurrence of penG s degradation that usually occurs at high concentrations of this molecule and at value of pH lower than 4.0, two strategies referring to the adsorption conditions were studied. For the first one, the fermentative broth s pH is adjusted and right after this same broth is maintained in contact with the adsorbent. For the second method, the adsorbent was add to the fermentative broth at a pH of 7.0 and with the adsorption process the pH was reduced until reach the complete adsorption of the penG. The last process showed a better efficiency of adsorption of 0.77g penG/g resin and productivity of 0.31 g penG/g resin/hour at pH 4.0, meanwhile the direct adsorption at pH 4.0 had an efficiency of 0.548g penG/g resin (0.548 g penG/g resin/hour). The second strategy with the gradient is better since it increases the efficiency and decreases the productivity of the process. The results showed that the ideal situation would be to work with pH values even lower than 4, but elevated concentrations of penG will lead to the degradation of the antibiotic in this pH range. The desorption of penG was studied using a technique of experimental planning and analysis such as pH, temperature and composition of mixture water/ethanol. The results showed that to obtain a maximum desorption, the process must be effectuated at 8°C and utilizes as eluent a mixture of 82.5% ethanol and 17.5% water on a pH of 6.2.
O espaço escolar na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (1944-1966)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-06)
Silva, Anete Charnet Gonçalves da
;
Abramowicz, Anete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616718781985564
The research The School Space in the Brazilian Magazine of Pedagogic Studies (1944-1966) intends to analyze the School Space, from the architecture and health, just like it was presented by the Brazilian Magazine of Pedagogic Studies, from 1944 to 1966, taking the texts published in the magazine as its principal source. It investigates how the school space specializes itself, acquiring functionality, from an architecture that, taking the example of other areas, has being conducted to the school and your educational program, the school architecture. Exhibiting the characteristics and the changes of the school space introduced by functional architecture, indicating how the medicine knowledge, that enters the school to preserve the health of the individual, has associated to education and into that specialized school space acted disciplinary at the production of new brazilian to the urban-industrial society. Finally, it gives information about the registered movements in discussions that occurred on educational events that intended to establish a school space policy.
Avaliação da eficácia de um programa suplementar para o ensino de leitura e escrita aplicado em ambiente escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-07)
Reis, Thaíze de Souza
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3497049970396440
A computerized teaching program for the individualized teaching of reading and writing has been developed and periodically revised by a research team. Designed under the conceptual framework of stimulus equivalence, the program teaches conditional relations between printed words and dictated words. Additional teaching trials include matching printed syllables to dictated syllables. The assessment of the program in laboratory settings has systematically shown that it is very effective in promoting the emergence of reading (textual behavior) and dictation-taking (performances not directly taught). The present study is part of a broader research program on the feasibility and efficacy of the teaching program when implemented in school settings by the school s staff. The specific goal was to evaluate the efficacy of the teaching program under these new conditions. Sixty-four students participated. They were not learning to read and write in the classroom and a pre-test evaluation demonstrated that they did not read single words. The study used a group design. The Experimental Group (N=38) was exposed to the program (a sequence of 17 teaching units interspersed among 15 assessment units). The Control Group (N=26) was exposed to a similar program, except that the task required only matching pictures to dictated words and naming the pictures. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the groups on the pre-test, but on the post-test only the Experimental Group showed accurate reading and writing performances and also generalized those repertoires to new words. These results replicate and extend the findings of previous studies in laboratory settings, thus recommending the teaching program as a remedial tool that could be useful in supplementing the school efforts to teach students who fail with the conventional procedures.
Conformação por spray da liga formadora de fase amorfa Fe66B30Nb4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-07)
Bonavina, Luiz Fernando
;
Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5443002033733395
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1415547884100471
The goal of this doctoral thesis was to contribute to the technology of amorphous metals production with dimensions of the order of millimeters or centimeters through the process of spray forming for the ternary Fe66B30Nb4 alloy. First the alloy has been rapidly solidified by "melt-spinning" to produce ribbons and by its comparison with those data from the literature, confirm the adequacy of the procedures used. Then the alloy has been processed by spray forming with the changing of processing parameters for increasing the fraction of solid particles in the deposition. The characterization of both the overspray powders and the deposits have been performed by combination of X-ray diffratometry XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (MET) with microanalyses by dispersion of X-ray energy (EDS) and also differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties were evaluated by testing the hardness and compression resistance. The formation of only 35% of amorphous volume fraction of particles in the size range of 5-20 μ m in diameter indicates that the heterogeneous nucleation have been present in the overspray powder solidification and therefore leading to an increasing of the critical cooling rate necessary to suppress the crystallization process. The deposition under high volume fraction of already fully solidified particles fraction observed in the peripheral area of the atomization cone was not enough to guarantee the formation of bulk amorphous parts which has been confirmed in the peripheral area with 0.5 mm in thickness of the deposit, where the formation of amorphous phase reached only 10.6%. Considering that the literature reported 1,5 mm thick fully amorphous sample, here, as in the case of powders, the heterogeneous nucleation has been present. The production of deposit with high amount of amorphous structure needs a spray forming equipment capable of a high ratio G/M and that the whole process can be performed under controlled inert atmosphere.
Síntese de nanocristais coloidais de TiO2 via método solvotermal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-07)
Mambrini, Giovanni Pimenta
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723027354150918
This work presents a systematic study about preparing titanium oxide nanoparticles by solvothermal method. TiO2 is a much studied material because its applications in areas like catalysis, sensors, energy conversion devices, and others. It is speculated that all this technologies can be promoted by using nanostructured oxide. In order to confirm this, it is necessary to develop synthetic routes that allow preparing the desired material with controlled size and shapes. The methodology utilized in this research work consists in dissolve titanium isopropoxide in a phenyl ether and oleic acid mixture. After the complete dissolution, a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution is fast injected in the medium. Then, the resulting suspension is heated at 120oC and maintained by time intervals between 12 and 192 hours. It was analyzed the influence of Lewis bases addition at the reaction medium, using chloride, nitrate and sulfate in these experiments. The influence of different surfactants on the oxide properties was analized too. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning-transmission electron microscopy. It was verified that the addition of a Lewis bases is a key rule to obtain crystalline TiO2 by the proposed route. This could be observed by the addition of simple bases as well as by addition of basic surfactants. The synthesis methodology developed in this work allows the synthesis of nanostructured materials with narrow size distribution, with diameters between 7 and 4 nm and standard deviation of about 1 nm. It was observed that the materials have a hydrophobic character; this was attributed to the presence of surfactants bounded to the particles surface. Infrared spectroscopy allowed that confirmation. In summary, it was developed a synthetic methodology of TiO2 colloidal nanocrystals that allows a good control of the final material characteristics.
Educação infantil : análise da manifestação social do preconceito na atividade principal de jogos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-08)
Piccolo, Gustavo Martins
;
Mello, Maria Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0512045942434827
This search went on the presuposed of the existence of social relations prejudice manifest by pre-school children of 5 and 6 years during the practice of its main activity, the children s play and games protagonized. Starting from this pressuposed, the general aim of this research was to raise indicative of demonstrations prejudiced by pre-school children of 5 and 6 years, in practice its main activity, and explicit as possible mediations established by teachers, by activity and by the colleagues to exerce interfered in the kind of interference assumed social relationship between peers. The study characterized as quality, orienting itself by assumptions of historical materialism, in view Historical-Cultural of Vygotsky. Data collection was developed in a pre-school in the state of Sao Paulo, using as methodological tools filming, comments and annotations in the field daily on the practice of recreational activities for children of 5 and 6 years, with the focus analytical the explanation of how they, because of the complex set of mediations by this activity, by colleagues or by teachers, take them to stereotyped knowledge that pejoratively label a difference, make patent in the construction of man construct in hierarchical designs and homogeneous. The results of the filming were divided into four categories: mediation, prejudice of a gender, prejudice of race and prejudice of beauty, and pointed to the existence of manifestations prejudiced based these categories during the pre-school recreational activities, and emphasize the importance exercised mediation by the teacher in criticize of these attitudes. This study used a distinction between the terms pre-concept and prejudice, as the first, based on Heller, represents an initial step in making the knowledge of any socially constructed phenomenon, while the second is defined not only as a construct without further consideration of that the facts are, but as a set of elements that oppress and discriminate pejoratively the difference, whether conscious or unconscious. Thus, the prejudice is composed of multiple grades. The data obtained in research support this distinction. Because of this, to conjecture the development cycle of prejudice, which can be divided into three stages: the difference pejorative labeling (1 Stage); breakdown of the difference (2 Stage), and maintenance of discriminatory attitudes even when there is awareness of the facts that contradict, namely the crystallization of prejudice (3 Stage). In pre-school, with rare exceptions, the manifestations prejudiced materializated in the first two phases, noting there is not the crystallization of prejudices, which gives importance the core mediations made by teaching in the architecture of social relations and more fraternal solidarity. Through these relationships are the children understand the difference not as inequality, but as the expression of humanity historic contained in the most diverse cultures, societies and human beings. The search ends highlighting the need for studies to investigate as appropriate children of prejudice from an early age, basic element for the establishment of a radical criticism about the processes by which exclusionary are involved several students in a present time.
Estudo comparativo de precursores da PpIX (ALA e MAL) utilizados topicamente em terapia fotodinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008-08-08)
Rego, Raquel Ferreira
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2622028338048884
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modality for treatment of tumors, and uses a combination of a drug (photosensitizer) and light in the presence of the molecular oxygen to selectively damage target tissue. In the absent of one of these components, the cytotoxic effect is not observed. Since 1990, many works in the literature studies the topical application of precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in PDT, such 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL). The purpose of this work was realized an comparative study in vivo between two commercial and available drugs precursors of PpIX, the ALAsense (5-aminolevulinic acid - ALA) from Russian and Metvix (methyl aminolevulinate MAL) from United Kingdom. Experiments were carried out in animals to analyze the performance and the ALA photodynamic MAL in liver of rats. The fluorescence spectra of the liver were collected at pre-determined time. The time of accumulation of PpIX was observed by 2 hours and 45 minutes for the ALA and MAL for 4 hours after application of drugs in the liver. The formation, accumulation and depth of penetration of PpIX in liver tissue were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Using a total of 21 animals were the irradiation of the liver fotossensibilizado with ALA or MAL alone with different doses of light (20, 50, 100 and 200J/cm2) or in a combination MAL + ALA to 8%, 16% and 32 dose of 100J/cm2. Thirty hours after the lighting, the animals were killed and livers removed. The area of necrosis of the liver was assessed macroscopically and the samples were prepared for histological study, considering especially the aspects and depth of necrosis. In histological analysis were carried out many aspects of necrosis and the normal liver. The depths of necrosis were measured and the threshold dose obtained using a mathematical model proposed in the literature. Moreover, the monitoring was carried out of O2 consumption of mitochondria isolated from livers of rats, after topical administration of drugs precursors of PpIX (ALA and MAL) in order to check the influence of these substances in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The results showed a higher penetration of MAL in the tissue, as well as greater depth of necrosis when compared to the ALA. These results suggest that MAL has a tendency to better photodynamic response than ALA to the criteria studied.