Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-03-21"

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Refugiados no contexto das mudanças ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-21)
Costa, Claudia Silvana da
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742019059668505
This thesis aims to focus on the construction of a subject called environmental refugee, new social group s formation that came from an adverse context, caused by the damaging effects of climate changes at its land which became inhabitable and inhospitable. Like that, unlike other refugees who leaved their countries for political, ethnic-religious, economical or social reasons, environmental refugees unwittingly has to leave their countries once in their lands has no way of survival because of the deleterious effects caused by climate change that are in the process, making certain territorial bases in social production and identity of peoples. Accordingly to the United Nations (UN) data, the number of environmental refugees on the planet will increase significantly over the next few years, mostly will come from Africa and from its other small Islands, which are those with greater vulnerability to the impacts of climate changes because of their geographical location, becoming like that, the potential environmental refugees. This way, trying to contribute to build a larger problematic for this matter inside a context that shows how necessary is to designate a definition that fits ruight this kind of refugees and to build a new legal framework guaranteeing to this group human being conditions, taking by example the case of São Tomé e Príncipe, small African s Island considered as States, with the clipping sample of Ilha de São Tomé, which is already under the risks of climate effects on its territory and with potential environmental refugees, providing like that, a reflection about the challenges of the environmental refugees, placing them on the spot of the legal Constitution.
Análise das propriedades mecânicas de juntas sobrepostas na liga Al 6181-T4 soldadas por fricção por ponto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-21)
Parra, Bruno Serafim
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Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4026294524581312
Lightweight alloys, originally developed for aeronautic applications, have also shown increasing use in the automotive sector, aiming fuel consumption and reduction of production costs. In addition to this there is the increasing environmental concern that makes lightweight alloys even more attractive, due to recycling capabilities. It is important notice that parts produced with lightweight alloys may need, at some point of the production process, be joined to others parts. In the aeronautic industry the joining is made primarily by riveting while in the automotive industry RSW - Resistance Spot Welding is usually employed. These processes present some problems such as those related to metallurgical defects and the low weldability for some lightweight alloys. Within this context the FSpW - Friction Spot Welding, that is a solid state joining process, was developed at GKSS Research Centre in Germany. This process has shown great potential for applications where the already established RSW (automotive) and riveting (aircraft), present some disadvantages. In this work the applicability of this new process for the production of overlapping joints of the alloy 6181-T4, which is already used in the automotive industry, was studied. Joints were produced with different welding parameters (welding time and rotational speed) and will be submitted to mechanical characterization, by means of microhardness measurements and mechanical tests for assessment of the performance of the welds. Microstructural characterizations will be performed using optical and electron microscopy to determine the effect of the welding parameters on the final microstructure of the welds, as well as eventual defects. It will be also done a study of failure analysis, aiming the understanding of the mechanisms of fracture, correlating them with the process parameters. Sound joints with high mechanical strength and good repeatability were obtained, with better results associated to low welding time and high toll rotational speed.
Influência da composição dietética nas alterações cognitivas de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-22)
Mecca, Marita Scarpim
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Pedrazzani, Elisete Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3642498501748735
Currently the interest in investigating the role of nutrition and its influence on the development of cognitive functions has been increasing. This influence has been studied as a protective involvement and/or in retardation of dysfunctions and degenerative changes inherent to aging. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of diet composition on cognitive impairment of elderly people. Fifty individuals over 60 years of age were evaluated, treated at the Unidade de Saúde Escola da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, and divided in two groups: without cognitive impairment (GS) and with cognitive impairment (GC). To obtain general data, an anamnesis was applied. A food frequency questionnaire and the 24-hour recall method were also applied to assess the diet. With the obtained data the nutrients were calculated in the software NutWin 1.5. After that, weight and height were measured and the BMI of the survey participants was taken. For statistical analysis were done the tests chi-squared, t student, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney, Shapiro Wilk, a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) , and the significance level was pre-set = 0,05. Individuals from group GS were predominantly classified as obese , and the ones from group GC as eutrophic . There was a significant difference between the groups, throughout life, regarding exercising more than three times a week, altered bowel movement, daily intake of fruits, vegetables, leafy vegetables, wholegrain products and sweet, and also an intake of nuts and fastfood three times a week. There was also difference regarding inadequacy of nutrients for VitA, B12, B6 and Zinc. We can observe with this research that healthy habits seem to be related to lower risks of cognitive impairment in old age, thus more Nutrition programs for the population are needed, aimed to the health promotion and prevention of diseases.
Fronteiras da "ilegalidade": migrações não documentadas de Governador Valadares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Yamauie, Thaisa Lumie
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2147894099585401
Complexos de cobre (II) com bases de Schiff tridentadas, tipo ONN e tetradentadas simétricas e assimétricas, tipo ONNO: síntese e caracterização e estudos como catalisadores na oxidação de catecóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Paulo, Luciana Batista de
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882360987934876
Salen-type complexes are an important class of coordination compounds and are used as catalysts in various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Complexes of transition metals participate in many chemical processes, which make the study of these complexes very interesting. Research shows that the complexes of salen [salen = N, N'-ethylenebis (salicilidenoamina)] are efficient catalysts. Some compounds of this type have been investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of catechol. In this work three types of compounds the tetradentate ligands and symmetrical complexes, tridentate complexes and the asymmetric tetradentate complex, were synthesized. The series provided satisfactory yields. The compounds synthesized in this work were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region, absorption spectra in the UV-vis, conductivity measurements and solubility. The ligands were also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. From these characterizations, comparisons were made with respect to the effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring within the same series of compounds and also compared the results obtained for different lines of work. The kinetics was performed using a spectrophotometer, following the formation of the product derived from oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol at 400 nm. Among the complexes showed catalytic activity are the symmetrical complex [Cu (salen)], kcat = 2.6 x10-2 s-1, Vmax = 1.74 x10-7 mol L-1 s-1 and the complex asymmetric [Cu (3.5 Brsalen)]ass, kcat = 4.1 x10-2s-1, Vmax = 2.72 x10-7 mol L-1 s-1 and [Cu (3.5 Br4MeO-3, 5Br'salen) ]ass, kcat = 5.2 x10-2 s-1, Vmax = 3.39 x10-7 mol L-1 s-1.
Leis de conservacão escalar: fórmula explícita e unicidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Rossini, Alex Ferreira
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Kondo, Cezar Issao
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0900348462714778
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3442840719931515
We study scalar conservation laws, with the deduction of an explicit formula of a smooth solution with compact support, we also present the behavior of the solution given by the formula when the initial value is zero outside a finite interval. In order to study the uniqueness of a given conservation law under certain hypotheses.
Estudo de influência de cobertura plástica na remoção de água de lodos de estações de tratamento de água em leitos de drenagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-23)
Reis, Renan Felicio dos
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1840510720475585
Most of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for public supply in Brazil use surface water as source and conventional complete cycle as treatment system. In this type of treatment wastewater are restrained/generated which vary mainly according to the type and amount of chemical added and the characteristics of the water resource. This wastewater is found mainly in clarifiers (sludge) and backwash water filter (BWF) from WTP. Unfortunately, most of Brazilian WTP launches its waste directly into water resources, violating Brazilian Law 9605 published in 1998. There are mechanical and natural technologies for water removal from wastewater restrained during the treatment. Once known that wastewater from WTP has fluid characteristic, some technologies to remove its water have been developed. A natural one is the drainage bed, developed and proposed by Cordeiro (2001). The drainage bed has basically two stages: drainage and evaporation. This dissertation presents results of a study, whose centre objective was to achieve improvements in water sludge removal restrained in clarifiers by the use of plastic cover (evaporation stage). Results of effective tests in prototypes located in Sao Carlos WTP (Sao Paulo State) with plastic cover have showed that this roof (commercial reference PVC 0.30 milimeters) uses has accelerated the evaporation process, and has protected sludge from rain. The height of the roof that presented the best result was 0.20 meters in relation to the board of prototype, realizing to obtain a sludge 56% dryer than in tests without the roof. Preliminary tests in laboratory scale generated a promising scenario for the use of cationic polymer in large scale doubling the efficiency of the initial drainage of sludge. However, other laboratory tests with different characteristics of geotextile blanket only confirmed the superiority of using woven blanket type with surface density of 600 g/m² (which had already been used in other studies), compared to the others, in reference to obtain better efficiency at the initial drainage of water present in raw sludge.
Abordagem clássica e bayesiana para os modelos de séries temporais da família GARMA com aplicações para dados contínuos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-24)
Cascone, Marcos Henrique
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Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2413229482195408
In this work, the aim was to analyze in the classic and bayesian context, the GARMA model with three different continuous distributions: Gaussian, Inverse Gaussian and Gamma. We analyzed the performance and the goodness of fit of the three models, as well as the performance of the coverage percentile. In the classic analyze we consider the maximum likelihood estimator and by simulation study, we verified the consistency, the bias and de mean square error of the models. To the bayesian approach we proposed a non-informative prior distribution for the parameters of the model, resulting in a posterior distribution, which we found the bayesian estimatives for the parameters. This study still was not found in the literature. So, we can observe that the bayesian inference showed a good quality in the analysis of the serie, which can be comprove with the last section of this work. This, consist in the analyze of a real data set corresponding in the rate of tuberculosis cases in metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. The results show that, either the classical and bayesian approach, are good alternatives to describe the behavior of the real time serie.
Formação de complexos entre compostos híbridos pirrolbenzodiazepinas-cumarinas com DNA por estudos de docking molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-24)
Rodrigues, Sergio Ricardo Pizano
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1426286258268503
Compounds of the pirrolbenzodiazepine (PBD) family are known for their promising antitumor activity. Among these, the hybrids, those that have a portion PDB a chain spacer and another functional group, such as the coumarins of this work, have been extensively explored. It is also known that these compounds bind to DNA, but there is no structural data showing how it occurs. To overcome this lack of information molecular docking calculations were performed to study the formation of complexes between these PBD-hybrids and DNA. The compounds were modeled and the coordinates of complexes DNA-receptors with different ligands were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. The redocking served to validate the conditions of the experiments and the scores were used as the parameter to evaluate the complexes formed. The analysis of the intermolecular interactions, an essential knowledge for understanding the obtained structures were analyzed using high-resolution molecular imaging. The results of the in silico experiments showed the formation of complexes in the mixed-mode with the PBD ligand moiety intercalating between the DNA bases and the coumarin portion occupying the minor groove, and a preference for intercalation between GG bases. Moreover, it is possible to postulate that the complex becomes an adduct with the formation of a covalent bond between the intercalated portion PBD and a nucleotide base G. Finally, a correlation between the docking results and the biological activities of the studied compounds was established.
Padrões espacial e temporal do atropelamento de mamíferos em uma rodovia no cerrado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-24)
Oliveira, Adriana Nepomuceno de
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Freitas, Simone Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4161677878228867
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8416900673023142
This thesis is divided into a general introduction on the issue of roads ecology and the main factors that lead to the general public and the animals roadkills, followed by a chapter that investigates if there is spatial and seasonal patterns of medium and big mammals roadkills in a road (SP-225) in northeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. The road is located in a region of Cerrado, semideciduous forest and riparian vegetation. Data were collected during the years 2006, 2007 until February 2008. 114 roadkills were recorded for medium and large mammals.-vehicle collision were recorded,. The two species most hit were Cerdocyon thous and Lepus europaeus, with 32 and 22 records respectively .It was analyzed if there was spatial clustering of roadkills per kilometer between Km 75-235 and noticed the Km 146- is the one that has the highest number of roadkills, with 7 records, followed by Km 115 and Km 125, with 5 and 4 records respectively. When road is divided into sections of 5 km each, the passages that had higher indices of collision were Km 145-150, followed by passage of Km 125-130, with 15 and 10 roadkills respectively. This analysis showed that the most impacted areas have been the most probable for roadkills. In these sections, it is indicate the application of mitigation measures. The temporal patterns of roadkills distribution were not clear, except in 2006, when the rainy season showed a higher rate of roadkills than dry season. Using three species as a model, it was analyzed the relationship between the landscape around the Road and roadkills frequency. Three species were chosen, the two most frequently hit (Cerdocyon thous and Lepus europaeus) and one threatened (Chrysocyon brachyurus). The roadkills of C. thous were associated to areas of reforestation and less urban, while the roadkills of L. europaeus were in areas of planting (reforestation and orange s crop). The urban areas and with less pasture were associated to the C. brachyurus roadkills.
Higienismo e educação nas páginas de O Ateneu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Bercho, Carolina Fuzaro
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2796440118637554
This text analyzes the schooling process in Brazil during se XIX century, questioning the formation of secondary education on the Empire of the Court. Rather, the discourse for the education, set within the broad project of social intervention, made by the medical corporation. Aiming to examine more precisely the representations medicalhygienic, we used two tipes os sources: two theses by graduating in medicine from the mid XIX century, and the romance of memories: O Ateneu, written by the intellectual Raul Pompéia in 1888. Aiming to examine the proposal set out in the literature in conjunction with the medical-civilizing project for youth in Rio de Janeiro, as well as highlight the importance of hygiene and the orientation mechanism of the everyday practices of school time.
O uso da simulação em ergonomia de concepção: uma reflexão a partir do projeto de uma cabine de ponte rolante em uma refinaria de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Silverio, Michel
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2996612750156443
Despite the benefits provided by the ergonomic approach to the design process, their participation is still limited, given that the specifics of workers as gestures and reasoning, in most cases, are not covered by the professionals responsible for developing new systems work. Thus, this work is to present a case study involving the practice of ergonomic design in the development of a crane cab in a petroleum refining industry. For this, we developed an Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), used as the basis for the development of concepts supported by sketches, plans and digital models. It was also used as a way of representing the human-environment system, digital human dummy that gave rise to the scenarios used in the construction of simulated situations. These situations were aimed at the confrontation of different representations of the members of the design process. From the conclusions of the case study, we presented the constraints and the contributions that simulation can bring to the process of designing work situations, whether in the construction of scenarios, or in simulated situations or participating in ergonomic designs.
O extrativismo de castanha-do-brasil Bertholletia excelsa (Humbl. & Bonpl.) no rio Madeira, Rondônia: bases para uma gestão ambiental participativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Santos, Raquel Rodrigues dos
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Nordi, Nivaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4077740709764864
The approaches of socio-ecological systems, resilience, and adaptive management suggest new forest governance arrangements that include the participation of marginalized rural people in territorial management. These approaches require efforts of scientists and managers to deal with local knowledge and with the social institutions that govern resource access and use by these people. This research was conducted in two communities of the Lower Madeira River (São Carlos and Cuniã) and the objectives were: (i) to characterize the Brazil nut Bertholletia excelsa (Humb. & Bonpl.) harvest based on harvest practices and local knowledge; (ii) to characterize the official land tenure and the customary property rights regimes in the harvest areas within and around the protected areas where co-management between government and local communities is officially assumed; (iii) to determine whether there are discrepancies between official land tenure and customary property rights regimes in those areas; and (iv) to verify the influence of customary property rights regimes on specie's management, and which regime or regime arrangements are more likely to promote the conservation of the harvest areas and the species. Qualitative and ethnographic methods were used with semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires, participatory observation, and mapping with Brazil nut harvesters from the two communities and other stakeholders. The data were interpreted from the perspective of ethnoecology ("etnoecologia abrangente"), human ecology and property rights regimes. The results suggest that: (i) the existing local knowledge in the region is extensive and driven by environmental feedbacks and therefore should be considered for adaptive comanagement; (ii) the organization and dynamics in the harvest areas are complex and differ from the official land tenure; (iii) the management practices that contribute to conservation of B. excelsa are more likely to remain in property regime arrangements between state and community, since these regimes have less conflicts and uncertainty in relation to harvest areas access and use.
Atrator no sentido pullback e trajetórias completas extremas para problemas governados pelo p-Laplaciano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Capelato, Erika
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Gentile, Cláudia Buttarello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295174684198407
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6192405950709744
We study non-autonomous problems with the main part given by the p- Laplacian and establish existence results of pullback attractor, comparison of solutions and existence of a maximal and a minimal complete trajectories. In bounded smooth domains we assume rather general conditions on the perturbative operator and we admit the process associated with the problem being multivalued. We obtain analogous results for systems in Rn with further restrictions in perturbative terms in such way that we deal with a univocal process.
Desenvolvimento de projetos sobre meio ambiente para o ensino-aprendizagem de conceitos físicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Gouveia, Riama Coelho
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2500065916129657
The environment is a complex issue that involves knowledge of several areas of science. Environmental problems are becoming increasingly important for peaple around de world, both in direct confrontation of pollution or disasters and through the media, when it releases the global warming or the hole in the ozone layer. The high school students establish contact with environmental issues, plus the prior knowledge they acquire at the fundamental level, so the environment which be use as context for the discussion of diverse subject matter of physics. From another point of view, discussion of environmental issues in the classroom meets the education of citizens aware of the world they live in, the relations men establish with nature, and so able an active participation seeking for emancipation. Taking advantage of these features of environment were developed projects involving teachers from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo campus Sertãozinho, of physics, chemistry, biology, portuguese and sociology, and students of classes 1 and 2 years High School integrated with the Technical Education in Chemistry and Industrial Automation. The topics discussed in the projects, a total of eight distributed between the years 2009 and 2010, were chosen by the group of students and teachers involved and the methodology used was action research, emphasizing the participation and active cooperation of all during the entire process, since the organization of the steps to the analysis of results. The work included research in bibliographical sources, writing papers, discussions in the classroom, build experiments, making banners, preparation of seminars and presentations at events type science fairs. The data for analysis were collected through several sources: the researcher's daily log, photographic records, questionnaires, interviews, school documents and work produced by students. The materials and student responses to questions on proposed assessments showed a good understanding of the physics concepts treated in projects and a greater engagement about school knowledge. Every group involved has recognized the role of social work, in the sense that a better understanding of environmental problems contributes to the training staff and enables a more conscious action in the community. During the development of research other aspects appeared: the eminently interdisciplinaity of environmental problemas as a teaching resource and the motivation of students to conduct research, make experiments and public presentation, characteristics that are necessary for the implementation of system projects. On the other hand, the activities showed the difficulties of teamwork, both among teachers and among students, what unfortunately is not restricted to this project or the educational system, but it is present in various moments of life in society. vi Despite the difficulties the objectives were achieved, thus demonstrating the contribution of the inclusion of environmental issues for the teaching-learning process, particularly in the physical component of the curriculum. However, there is much to research, about the themes that can be explored and how to use the environment as a truly interdisciplinary proposal.
Redução do biofilme de Streptococcus mutans sobre um material restaurador dentário modificado com nanopartículas de prata – estudo in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Agnelli, Patricia Bolzan
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Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4261719492756858
The bacterium Streptococcus mutans is one of the main initiators species of biofilm and is related to the etiology of caries. Currently there have been many studies investigating ways to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterials, in order to prevent diseases and infections, such as the use of silver nanoparticles embedded in the materials. However, few studies have investigated the benefits of these particles in materials that are utilized within the oral cavity. The main objective of this research was to compare biofilm formation of this specie on the composite resin in its commercial form today and an experimental composite resin, which were added silver nanoparticles, which are bactericidal, using a method of counting viable cells recovered from the biofilms. Were produced cylindrical specimens of 4 mm in height and circular base of 4 mm in diameter, resin and resin with nanoparticles at three different concentrations, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6% by mass. They were incubated in liquid medium with sucrose, containing about 108 CFU/ml, to cause bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro. The count of viable cells from the samples was made after the disintegration of biofilms on them adhered in ultrasonic tank, and was performed after 1 day, 4 days and 7 days of incubation. Considering the mean and standard deviation values, the results showed that on the experimental resins with concentrations of 0.3% and 0.6% of silver nanoparticles, the number of adhered bacterial cells was lower than in resin in its commercial form today, no silver, and also smaller than the resin to 0.1% in the three incubation periods studied. The scanning electron micrograph of a biofilm of S. mutans adhered to the surface of each specimen was also performed after the same time intervals, and allowed morphological analysis of the structure of cells and cell clusters attached to surfaces. A compression test was also performed to verify if the inclusion of antibacterial nanoparticles in the resin does not affect the mechanical performance of the same. The results of this trial showed that the resin with 0.3% concentration of nanoparticle had a better mechanical properties in compression, and resin with a concentration of 0.6% worse performance, compared with the resin without silver nanoparticles, It was concluded that the composites with 0.3% silver nanoparticles are advantageous for clinical application, because it showed how a material less favorable to bacterial adhesion, without prejudice to its mechanical resistance. They may therefore benefit patients, assisting in the prevention of recurrent caries, which occur around the margins of restorations, and in the maintenance of good oral hygiene.
Aplicação de ZnO nanoestruturado na agricultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-25)
Fattobene, André Luiz Evangelista
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842928655195216
In this study we attempted to produce two fertilizers with ZnO nanoparticles and also attempted to characterize and apply them in order to establish a comparison between the distribution of particle sizes and levels of implementation, using as basis a micronized commercial fertilizer keeping the concentration. To produce these fertilizers it was used the technologie called Top-Down using the technique of high energy milling among with characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun (SEM-FEG), analysis of micrographs using the software ImageJ obtaining the distribution of particle size, analysis of content and heavy metals by an ICP-OES, pH, specific gravity, viscosity and premature aging test. It was noticed that during the aging tests there was a precipitation, what indicated that the suspending agent was not effective. After a year and three months the distributions of particle size was analyzed and there was no significant change, demonstrating that the increased amount of dispersant was appropriate. The agronomic tests were divided into two phases, the first one was used to collect data about which of the two fertilizers would have the best performance and the second one was used to understand what the correct dosage and the best way of application. At the first test it was only possible to notice the difference between the two at a dosage of 37.5 ml/ha, the smallest of all. The fertilizer Nano Zinc 5 produced the better results. At the second test, when the fertilizer Nano Zinc 5 was tested in various dosages and applications at seeds and leaves, the best result in mg/kg at the leaf and grain was the 50 mL. The applications that have brought higher average number of seeds per pod were the one with 100 mL/ha by seed, 50 mL/ha via seed and 100 mL/ha on the leaves. The applications that have brought greater average weight of grain per plant were 200 mL/ha by leaves, 100 mL/ha by leaves, 50 ml/ha by seeds, 200 mL/ha by seeds and 100 mL/ha by seeds. Regarding productivity, applications with higher productivity are in the same sequence of average mass per grain. These results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of producing a fertilizer on the nanometer scale.
Caracterização ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu (experimentos laboratoriais e in situ): elaboração de sedimentos sintéticos para avaliação da toxicidade do cádmio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Rodrigues, Beatriz Kawamura
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7920949423765971
The Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Basin was evaluated regarding limnological and ecotoxicological aspects in four water and sediment sampling campaigns at 14 points distributed in the area. Toxicity tests with water, in the laboratory and in situ, showed chronic toxicity, with effects on the survival, growth and gill morphology of juveniles of both fish species examined (Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata). The lowest survival percentages in the laboratory assays were observed for point L, and in the field tests for point J1. The analysis of the gills revealed first-stage alterations in the specimens of both species exposed at all the sample points, and there were second-stage alterations (aneurism and vascular congestion) at various points. The high concentrations of nutrients and metals in the basin s water and sediments reveal a system impacted by human activities in the surrounding region. The analyses of metals quantified Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Fe levels in the water above those permitted by the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA 357/05), and of Cd in the sediments above the threshold levels permitted both by national (CONAMA 344/04) and international regulations (CCME, 2003). Simple synthetic sediments were prepared composed of sand, clay and organic matter (obtained from the aquatic macrophyte Scirpus cubensis, at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%) to assess the toxicity of Cd. The synthetic sediments were viable for the growth and survival of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio, and were suitable for use in spiked experiments. The evaluation of the acute toxicity of the sediments fortified with Cd indicated mean 48-h;EC50 for C. silvestrii of 3.09mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 0% OM and 2.98mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 1% OM. The mean 96-h;LC50 for C. xanthus was 18.67 mg.Kg-1 in the sediments with 0% OM and nearly four times lower in those with 1% OM (4.93 mg.Kg-1). A similar pattern was noted for D. rerio, a higher 48-h;LC50 in the sediments with 0% OM (114.88 mg.Kg-1) than in the sediments with 1% OM (75.31 mg.Kg-1). In subsequent experiments, the sediments were also spiked with 0.6mg.Kg-1 of Cd, a concentration considered safe for protection of aquatic life according to the applicable national and international regulations. In these tests, the survival of C. silvestrii was impaired in the Cd spiked sediments, so it was not possible to assess the effects on reproduction. There were also effects on the survival, biomass, mentum morphology and Cd concentration in the tissues of C. xanthus. For D. rerio, the survival and growth were compromised in the sediments with higher percentage of organic matter. Besides this, the organisms showed impaired gill morphology and higher Cd concentration in tissue in function of exposure to sediments spiked with the metal. Based on the results, it can be concluded that C. silvestrii was the most sensitive species to the sediments fortified with Cd, followed by C. xanthus and D. rerio, the least sensitive. These effects on the iv organisms at concentrations considered safe for the biota suggest more conservative thresholds of this metal should be established for tropical aquatic habitats.
Merleau-Ponty e a crise da razão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Marques, Rodrigo Vieira
;
Simanke, Richard Theisen
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3984221131754417
ABSTRACT This work takes its point of departure in Merleau-Ponty s Philosophy, centered in the notion of Crisis of Reason , basing itself on the presupposition that this is a fundamental concept of contemporary phenomenology. In the Cartesian thought, already it was possible to find the idea of the crisis, however, it was the finding of a crisis of sciences . Something similar was also in Valery, especially when he speaks of a crisis of spirit . The novelty of Husserl was exactly in showing that the crisis, as he lived it, was deeper, shook the Reason itself. This work assumes the task of showing that, not limiting to a crisis of sciences, of the spirit or of Reason itself, Merleau-Ponty discusses a present crisis in the man himself, or rather, in the diverse points of view that has about him. In this sense, his philosophical project is based, primarily, on the attempt to establish a dialogue with the points of view of the philosophy and of the science. Therefore, an inquiry of the divergence of these points, is warranted, elucidating not only the scenario in which the conflict is, but also its genesis. Likewise, starting from a Merleau-Pontian understanding of the crisis, finally, this study also assumes the task of asking about the repercussions of this crisis in the relation of philosophical knowledge to itself, then, in the way of his own philosophy to understand its history, being, therefore, the importance of this incursion in the desire to explain what, according to Merleau-Ponty, would be a possible way of overcoming.
Estudo cinético da hidrólise enzimática de celulose de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-28)
Carvalho, Mirella Lucas de
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3375214335297840
This work presents a kinetic study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of three cellulosic substrates: filter paper (FP), used as a de-lignified substrate model; sugarcane bagasse (SB) steam exploded; and acid treated SB, the last two treated with 4% NaOH. All SB were chemically characterized. Hydrolysis experiments to study the influence of agitation and substrate concentration were performed in shaker, using Accellerase® 1500, Genencor, at pH 4.8, in 50mM sodium citrate buffer. To verify the substrate concentration effect, cellulose load (weightsubstrate/weighttotal) was 0.5%-13% (for FP) and 0.99%-9.09% (for SB). For FP, the role of the external mass transport resistance was not significant when the agitation speed was in the range 150-300 rpm. It was possible to fit a pseudo-homogeneous Michaelis-Menten model for substrate concentrations up to 13% (w/w). Preliminary tests fitting the model proposed by Chrastil (CHRASTIL J. Enzymic product formation curves with the normal or diffusion limited reaction mechanism and in the presence of substrate receptors, Int. J. Biochem., v. 20, No. 7, p. 683, 1988) indicated that the role of diffusion through the external film was a more relevant feature for steam exploded SB than for FP, at higher concentrations of substrate. It was possible to fit a pseudo-homogeneous model for steam exploded SB, within a range of cellulose concentrations from 0.99% to 3.85% (w/w). Product inhibition had to be considered by the model. For higher loads of steam exploded SB, a modified Michaelis- Menten model, appropriate for heterogeneous systems with high diffusion resistance, was fitted. Finally, for the highly recalcitrant acid treated SB, Chrastil models were fitted. As expected, the complexity of this system regarding to the substrate and to the pool of enzymes acting in synergy, makes difficult the use of one single lumped parameter model for all hydrolysis operation conditions.