Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-07-19"

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Tenacificação de polipropileno com elastômeros olefínicos para aplicações com requisitos de transparência ótica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-19)
Bulhões, Carolina Cerqueira Jordão Ribeiro
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Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
The polypropylene is a versatile polymer but has lack of impact resistance. The polypropylene toughness is obtained thorugh the adition of elastomers that cause the loss of the blend stiffness. Many studies were performed in order to have the impact modification efficiency for different types of elastomers normally based on ethylene or styrene. The toughness mechanisms were also studied as well as the nucleant uses for minimizing the negative effect on blend stiffness reduction. The polypropylene blend morphology with containing elastomers, normally, presents two phases harming its transparency. Polypropylene is very used for applications where impact resistance is important but also the transparency like rigid packaging. Some studies were about polypropylene toughness in presence of clarifiers trying to get toughness with transparency. This work aims to evaluate the relation between toughness/ transparency of two types of random polypropylenes using different types of olefinics elastomers, ethylene based and propylene based with different density and molecular weight. The elastomers were added in different amounts, 10% and 20% wt. For the blends with PP12, EOC1 and EOC2 presented an excellent toughness/ stiffness balance. Regarding haze, these two elastomers reduced the blends transparency. PAO1 showed the best toughness/ transparency balance. For the blends with PP45, it was seen that EOC2 had the best toughness/ stiffness balance. However its transparency was reduced. PAO1 e PAO2 showed the best balance toughness/ transparency balance.
Diagnóstico dos resíduos gerados em estações de tratamento de água nas bacias dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-20)
Vilella, Alexandre Luis Almeida
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557839102891749
The basins of Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí has a territory of 15,304 square kilometers, about 5.2 million inhabitants, 7% of gross national product. However, the scarcity of water resources threatens all this prosperity. The uses of water have led to conflicts because of its multiple and diverse purposes, which require different quantities and qualities. It is against this background that becomes fundamental to understand the current situation of water supply and waste management from the treatment process. The mobilization of society, awareness of public officials and increase the availability of financial resources for the sanitation sector have provided the municipalities to increase their rates of water treatment, through the construction of new structures and technological innovations, however, has aroused another focus attention to the urgent need for the systemic management of waste from water treatment plants, especially the generation, treatment and disposal of sludge and its actual and potential environmental impacts. This research has made diagnosis of generation under the quantitative aspect of the sludge generated in the 89 water treatment plants operating in 58 cities, and identify some experiences about the management. Through various methodological tools, such as the use of questionnaires for data collection to obtain primary data, the paper presents and discusses information about the current generation of waste, existing experiences regarding the disposal and treatment, and the challenges issue requires to be addressed. The results pointed that 9013.20 tons of monthly dry solids are generated, with prominence the one that 70% of plants in operation don't possess any of measurement of the muds system. The realities, front to the service of the effective legislations, training lack and the managers systemic administration and operators on the theme as well as the need of the integration of the sectorial politics with the operation of the systems of water supply that are the great challenges to be overcome.
Aperfeiçoamento de cultivos de alta densidade celular de rE.coli utilizando glicerol como fonte de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-20)
Sargo, Cíntia Regina
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8592230787138302
Pneumococcal diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide. New vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae are been developed. The pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important pneumococcal virulence factor and a potential vaccine candidate, therefore, a recombinant fragment of PspA gene was cloned into pET37b and the plasmid was inserted into E. coli BL21(DE3) for improved protein production in high cell density cultures (HCDC). Fed-batch is the operational mode most frequently used to obtain high cell density in recombinant E. coli cultures. Before running a high cell density culture (HCDC) of E. coli, it is usually necessary to decide whether to use glucose or glycerol as carbon source in defined or complex media, with IPTG or lactose as inducing agents. Glycerol has outstanding potential as carbon source because its assimilation does not trigger undesirable metabolite formation, even when growth takes place at high rates. However, glycerol is usually simply used as a glucose substitute in media designed for the latter as carbon source. Furthermore, most of the bioreactor induction strategies have been based on a template from molecular biology shake flask expression studies. Here, both batch and fed-batch defined culture medium formulations were modified to improve performance of the process for glycerol as growth limiting substrate. The experiments were carried out in 5 L bioreactor, using an automatically controlled exponential feeding and glycerol as carbon source. The standard defined medium formulation was modified to improve performance of the process for glycerol as growth limiting substrate and induction by both IPTG and lactose was studied. Specific growth rates up to 0.57 h-1, biomass formation yield of 0.56 g DCW/gglycerol and cellular productivities around 6.0 g (DCW)/ L h were achieved in shortened rE. coli HCDC by increasing the thiamine concentration in the medium, adding phosphate salts to the feeding medium and raising the growth phase temperature to 37°C. The performance of lactose as inducer was investigated by implementing an innovative induction strategy, which consisted of addition of a lactose pulse followed by a continuous supply of lactose mixed with glycerol in the feeding solution. The results indicated similar productivity [1.3 g (DCW)/ L h], protein maximum yield (220 mgprotein/g DCW) and concentration (26 gprotein/L) when using IPTG or lactose. These values are significantly higher than some of the best reported in the literature, confirming the efficacy of the proposed biomass formation and protein production strategy. Glycerol showed outstanding performance as carbon source, enabling high growth rates without acetate formation. Together with automatic control of the exponential feeding profile, the cultivation strategy employed resulted in higher rates of cell growth and protein production, leading to shorter cultivations with higher productivities and, consequently, lower production costs. This work is an important contribution to the field of HCDC with glycerol as carbon source and lactose as inducer.
Política e religião: o envolvimento dos católicos carismáticos na política brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-21)
Reis, Marcos Vinicius de Freitas
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0706355533898912
The objective of this study is to analyze the political behavior of politicians linked to the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR). The choice of politicians with such religious affiliation was given due to the significant number of adherents, the Catholic Church's support and the national visibility for its events . For this, bills of state and federal deputies have been analysed, to know if their proposals are consistent with their political parties and CCR s interests. The study drew a biographical profile of heir representatives and the reasons that led charismatic Catholics to step into the political arena.
Estudos das enzimas adenosina kinase e hipoxantina-guanina fosforibosiltransferase de Schistosoma mansoni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-22)
Romanello, Larissa
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Garratt, Richard Charles
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1405100203133067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7005429030610852
Schistosoma mansoni is the parasite responsible for schistosomiasis mansonica, a disease that affects about 207 million people worldwide, and does not have the purine de novo sinthetic pathway, depending entirely on the purine salvage pathway to supply its demands on purines. Adenosine kinase (AK) and Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are important enzymes of the purine salvage, the AK directly phosphorylates adenosine into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and HGPRT is responsible for the reversible phosphorybosylation of hypoxanthine or guanine into IMP or GMP. The purine salvage pathway has been reported as a potential target for developing new drugs against schistosomiasis. The nucleotide coding region of the isoform 2 of AK enzyme was amplified and cloned into pGEM vector and pET28a, the recombinant protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3), purified in a his-tag nickel-affinity resin and AMP-agarose resin, tested for its activity and crystallized. Two data sets were obtained by X-ray diffraction: a ternary complex of AK2-AMP-adenosine in the MX2 light line of the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory and a binary complex AK2-tubercidin in the rotatory anode X-ray source of the Institute of Physics at Sao Carlos - USP, both at 2.3A of resolution. The nucleotide coding region of the enzyme HGPRT was also amplified, cloned into pGEM and pET28a, which heterologous expression was done in E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells at 18°C and purified on a cobalt his-tag affinitiy resin.
Abordagem para desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis com reuso de software baseado em modelagem específica de domínio e arquitetura orientada a serviços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Bellini, Alexandre
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1221756779664063
This dissertation presents an approach for the development of mobile applications emphasizing software reuse based on domain-specific modeling and Service Oriented Architecture. The approach is divided into two stages: Domain Engineering (DE) and Application Engineering (AE). In DE, a metamodel, services and Transformations for Model-To-Code are constructed. The metamodel expresses the abstract syntax of Domain-Specific Languages (DSL) for a given problem domain and services - known as the Domain Services - meet common requirements of different applications of the problem domain for which the metamodel has been built, and Transformations for Model- To-Code to reduce the development effort since most of the coding tasks can be encapsulated in the transformations. In EA, applications are built by instantiating the metamodel in order to support the modeling and by reusing Domain Services. In addition, the transformations, built in ED, are applied to the models in order to generate most of the application code. The reuse of the artifacts built in ED provides a productivity gain in the development of applications of the problem domain considered. For evaluation purposes, the proposed approach has been instantiated in the HealthCare Domain. An experimentation of this approach, following the experimental methodology, has been conducted in order to evaluate its impact on the efficiency of teams that develop applications for Healthcare Domain. The results showed that the use of the proposed approach has contributed to the reduction of time in developing mobile applications.
Materiais refratários e práticas operacionais para aumento de vida útil dos cadinhos para transporte de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Braga, Paulo Moreira
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6081166957911404
The work described in this study deals with the several different factors that affect the performance of refractory lining in the ladles that transfer aluminum molten metal from electrolytic cells (pots) to a holding furnace. By using a systemic approach the work had the objective of increasing the life cycle of these ladles and consequently to reduce the cost of producing aluminum metal. Considering that for refractory lining the potential improvements are associated with a chain of items that include inspection, materials, engineering project design, installation, heating and operation, it is therefore fundamental to primarily understand the process in its entirety before proposing any type of change in the specific items of that chain. Within that context the first step of adjustments/improvements in the process pursued actions to extend the life cycle for the refractory materials that were being used. After implementing those adjustments and improvements an evaluation was performed on the efficiency of the actions for minimizing the mechanisms of wear on the refractories. An autopsy analysis was also carried out in three laddles to identify the bottlenecks that still limited the life cycle of the refractory lining. Results showed that the work culminated in an average increase of 83% in the life cycles of the refractories. Considering the ladles available for implementing improvements, 91% were able to perform more than 400 metal runs, whereas before improvements only 9% were making more than 400 runs. Additionally, the maximum number of runs per laddle increased by 53%, from 467 to 715. Besides the increase in availability of the ladles, this significant increase in the performance of the refractories brought financial gains in reducing by 47% the annual maintenance and pre-heating costs of the refractories. The measuring of the degree of success of the steps performed in the work was fundamental for orientating each following step within the intent to obtain a continuous improvement of the refractory materials and an increase in the level of competitiveness.
Avaliação in vitro da atividade antimicrobiana da terapia fotodinâmica sobre Streptococcus mutans em biofilme denteal in situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Panhóca, Vitor Hugo
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Kurachi, Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194007981724312
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6145200370366650
The Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) has shown that is a promising alternative for buccal disinfection. The objective of this in situ work is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy over biofilms by the use of curcumine and Photogem® presented in a solution. In this research 18 volunteers were selected randomly from both sexes, with age over than 18 years. These patients wore a removable palatine device that contained six enamel/dentin specimens of 5 square millimeters by 2 millimeters of thickness. Those patients wore those devices during the period of four days, after that the biofilm created over the specimens were treated using different PACT protocols. The effect of the PACT treatments was evaluated by the microbial reduction of the Streptococcus mutans by UFC counting. This study compared a control group with the curcumine group that didn't received light irradiation with another group that was treated with the PACT protocol using curcumine solution, and other group that used the photosensitizer presented in solution with Photogem®. The obtained results of this investigation showed the reduction of the amount of the S. mutans UFC. The highest reduction (p=0.02) was observed when the PACT is applied with solution using Photogem as the photosensitizer. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy over biofilms by the use of curcumine (1.500μg/mL) and Photogem® (1.000μg/mL) followed by LED system irradiation (λ=640±5nm).
Índice de Yang e teoremas generalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-26)
Costa, Willer Daniel da Silva
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Ramos, Adriana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1067090731407577
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7668462848942459
We work with T-spaces (X; T), where X is a Hausdor_ compact space and T : X ! X is a continuous involution without _xed points. Considering the sphere Sn with the antipodal map, we highlight three classical theorems relating to the T-space Sn;A): Borsuk-Ulam's theorem, Kakutani-Yamabe-Yujobô's theorem and Dyson's theorem. This dissertation consists of a detailed study of the article fo C. T. Yang (Annals of Math. 60, no. 2 (1954), 262-282) where the author introduces a concept of the index and presents, in a sense homological, generalizations of the three theorems cited above, considering any T-space. Beyond the generalizations itself, we build examples of the index calculation of some T-spaces and, still, we explore a concept of orthogonality in T-spaces.
Planejamento de inibidores da cruzaína baseado em fragmentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Fonseca, Emanuella Maria Barreto
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Montanari, Carlos Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200533791228786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1789418915938702
The Chagas disease, described in 1909 by the Brazilian sanitary physician, scientist and bacteriologist Dr. Carlos Chagas, is caused by the Trypanosomatid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Current treatments involve the use of drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are effective only in the early stage of the disease (acute phase), but have severe side effects. The enzyme cruzain is a validated target for searching small molecules to act against Chagas disease. Cruzain inhibition has been studied for the discovery and development of new drugs. In this work, the planning strategy was based on molecular fragments, using a computational approach for selecting them. Using GRID/CPCA, important residues such as Ser207 and Asp69 were identified in an adjacent cavity to the S2 sub-site of the enzyme. These residues can take part on hydrogen-bond interactions and have not been explored in the search for inhibitors for this target. In addition, we identified patterns of molecular recognition of the enzyme, based on the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank, which are co-crystallized with inhibitors at the site of the enzyme. These inhibitors were used to guide the search via SMARTS pattern to build a fragment database. Docking and molecular dynamics were used to select the fragments for an in vitro assay. Many fragments were acquired and tested against cruzain using the technique of fluorescence spectroscopy. One fragment (Nequimed147) showed activity, inhibiting the enzyme with IC50 equal to 2.39 mM, resulting in a ligand efficiency of 0.23 kcal mol-1 weight atom-1. Based on this fragment, new inhibitors were identified with IC50 between 1.25 and 4.29 mM. Their ligand efficiencies were in the range of 0.21 and 0.26 kcal mol-1 weight atom-1 whose molecular recognition features are suitable for the search of new enzyme inhibitors likely to bind the cavity near the S2 sub-site that has not been explored yet.
Aprender LE com planejamento e material comunicativos temáticos para desenvolver competência comunicativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Cassoli, Elaine Regina
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Barbirato, Rita de Cassia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1960348348498685
This qualitative, ethnographic-interpretative research aimed at analyzing the development of communicative competence of English Language undergraduate students of a private college in the center-western region of the state of São Paulo during their participation in a Thematic Task-Based Planning for English teaching and learning through classes guided by the use of a theme, the history of Great Britain, and communicative tasks with focus on meaning. The students' perceptions, feelings and how they behave throughout the process have also been investigated in this study. In order to collect the data, the following instruments have been used: initial and final cloze tests, three written evaluations throughout the process, audio recordings of tasks and written production of the tasks which have been previously performed orally and transcribed for analysis, plus questionnaires administered to students in different moments of the course. The framework is based on theoretical studies of theme and taskbased teaching of authors such as: Almeida Filho (1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2009); Barbirato (1999, 2005); Bygate, Skehan, Swain (2001); Candlin (1987, 2001); Crandall (1994, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2006); Ellis (2000, 2003); Nunan (1989, 2004); Prabhu (1987, 1990); Skehan (1998, 2001); Skehan, Foster (1997, 1999, 2001); Van den Braden (2006,2008); Willis (1996); Willis, Willis (2007), among others. The analysis has shown that the work combining theme-based teaching and communicative tasks could be an alternative for the teaching and learning of English in the context investigated, where it was previously found that most participants had limited linguistic and communicative competence in the target language. It was also possible to verify that the work with communicative tasks with focus on meaning and based on the theme of the history of Great Britain provided collaborative efforts among the students and opportunities for noticing the form, vocabulary or pronunciation of the target language. The data analysis also showed considerable improvement in the oral proficiency of the students in the target language.
Efeito da própolis sobre o crescimento de bacilos gram-negativos móveis coletados em hortifrutigranjeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Fabiano, Melina Zuzi
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Bernardes Filho, Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4955439483175452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5448897722493958
Currently there is great concern about the quality and food contamination. All food marketed "in nature" may have some kind of contamination by microorganisms can be or not pathogenic for those who consume them. The contamination can occur throughout the production chain until it reaches the final consumer. In addition to the health problem, contamination can contribute to reducing the shelf life of products "in nature." A product that can act in this chain, improving the hygiene of foods such is propolis, that since ancient times has been used to battle infections. Known as a natural antibiotic is widely used in veterinary and human medicine as well as industries such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and others. Propolis is derived from a mixture of plant resins, collected by bees, and its therapeutic action is associated with a high content of flavonoids. In Brazil, the green propolis is considered the that hve best antibacterial efficiency. Thus, this study sought to characterize and identify the action of green propolis, produced in the southern state of Minas Gerais, on gram-negative bacilli collected from horticultural and from results obtained propose a possible form of incorporate extracts of propolis in horticultural production chain for the purpose of cleaning the places where food is transported, stored, and the hygiene of such foods. We evaluated the action of propolis on the bacilli collected by obtaining growth curves in the presence of propolis and the disk diffusion method, with the aim of finding the minimum concentration of propolis extract able to inhibit or delay the growth of these bacilli and that do not change the taste, smell and color of food where the propolis was applied.
Caracterização química por cromatografia líquida e análise quimiométrica de espécies vegetais de Bauhinia com aplicação em controle de qualidade de amostras comerciais de "pata-de-vaca"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-27)
Carvalho, Vinicius Augusto Perasolo e
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1274012496361862
Chemical characterization by liquid chromatography and chemometric analysis of Bauhinia species (popularly known as pata-de-vaca ) with applications in quality control of commercial samples. The infusion of leaves from Bauhinia species, is commonly used in the treatment to combat various diseases, among them diabetes. Studies show that B. forficata species possesses the most hypoglycemic activity among the species of the genus. However, due to the extreme morphological similarity between its leaves in comparison to other species , occasionally the popular use in the decoction of leaves is improper. Thus, it is necessary to develop methods of quality control of herbal drugs, in order to certify the authenticity of them. The chemical profiles (fingerprints) obtained by chromatographic analysis of plant extracts, brings a large amount of information, providing multivariable systems that can be used as a good parameter for quality control. The present study reports the separation optimization of the constituents obtained from aqueous extract on Bauhinia species by gradient elution on reverse phase. The chromatograms were first aligned using the MatLab® software and the COW algorithm (Correlation Optimized Warping) and after, the chromatograms were subjected on exploratory chemometric analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and used to create models for supervised chemometric classification (KNN, SIMCA and PLS-DA) performed using the Pirouette® software. 170 chromatograms of extracts obtained from leaves of botanically identified trees from three different species - B. forficata, B. longifolia and B. variegata - were used on analysis by PCA and HCA, which allowed the visualization of the distribution of 15 commercial samples of "pata-de-vaca". Those samples were also analyzed using the supervised classification models, and among them, 3 were classified as B. forficata, 6 were classified as B. longifolia and 5 of them were classified as B. variegata. For one of the samples it was not possible to classify its species due to large difference among the determinations obtained from the three distinct analytic tools
Síntese e avaliação da atividade biológica de compostos N-Heterocíclicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-28)
Sangi, Diego Pereira
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6724875409484974
N-heterocyclic compounds have a large number of biochemical and medical applications and an important role in the discovery of new drugs, and many of best sellers, currently in use, contains one or more N-heterocyclic rings. Some classes of N-heterocyclic compounds are considered privileged scaffolds because the large spectrum of biological activities. In this work we developed a new microwave promoted synthesis of N,Sacetals and N-heterocycles, more specifically, benzoxazoles, oxazolines, hexahidropyrimidines and oxazinanes, starting from ketenedithioacetal. This new procedure allowed the synthesis of these compounds in shorter period of time when compared with other procedures described in the literature. A library of quinoxaline 2,3 disubstituted was synthesized, employing cross coupling reactions and also condensation of o-phenylenediamine and α-diketones. Biological activity of the quinoxalines 2,3-disubstituted was evaluated on the proliferation of promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Some of the synthesized quinoxalines showed good inhibition values at low concentrations. The anti-proliferative activity of the 2,3-diarylquinoxalines were also evaluated using MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells, however they showed no significant inhibition .
Desenvolvimento de processo não-convencional para produção de celulases por Aspergillus niger em biorreator pneumático na presença de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Cunha, Fernanda Marisa da
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6876593588999622
In Brazil, sugarcane bagasse stands out as an abundant and available source of lignocellulosic material in sugar mills. It has structural features that make it a possible inducer for cellulase production by microorganisms. Since sugarcane bagasse is a promising material both as an inducer of cellulases and as a feedstock for second generation ethanol, the development of innovative fermentation processes for the production of cellulases in industrial scale is necessary in order increase the viability of the enzymatic hydrolysis of this material. In this way, the purpose of this study was the development of an unconventional process for cellulase production using an Aspergillus niger strain. The process has the purpose of sugarcane bagasse utilisation as substrate for the production of an inoculum with first step of preparation in solid-state fermentation (SSF), besides its use as an inducer for the synthesis of cellulases by submerged fermentation (SF) in the presence of solids, operating in triphasic systems. With this aim, the effect of carbon source used, glucose (10 g.L-1 and 20 g.L-1) and lactose (10 g.L-1) and the type of inoculum preparation (conventional or inoculum first step in SSF) were evaluated in shaken flasks cultures. The best production of endoglucanase (CMCase) obtained in shaken flasks was 1052 ± 34 IU L-1, after 72 h in cultures and prepared with the inoculum with solid state fermentation as first step with solid medium supplemented with 10 g.L-1 of glucose. These results were validated in a pneumatic bioreactor of 5.0 L at different pH values (5.0 and 6.0). The best results obtained in terms of volumetric productivity were 57±13 U.L-1.h-1 of endoglucanase, 327±17 UL-1.h-1 of xylanase and 10±1 UL-1.h-1 of filter paper activity (Fpase) in cultures with pH 5.0 and unconventional inoculum. It can be stated that the production of cellulases in the presence of sugarcane bagasse with large particle size (1 to 2 mm) is a viable and promissing alternative. The unconventional inoculum proposed as the object of study, with first step in SSF, was superior to conventional inoculum, since when applied to fermentation systems resulted in 3-fold superior enzymatic productivity of CMCase. It can be stated either that studies with pH values that favor cellulases syntesis instead of proteases can increase significantly the volumetric productivity.
Análise metabolômica via RMN: amostras de urina e látex
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Nascimento, Eduardo Sanches Pereira do
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5976523433515037
The aim of the first part of this work was to apply the concept of metabolomic analyses in urine samples obtained from humans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and treated with yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions using nuclear magnetic resonance. T2DM is the most recurrent type of diabetes and corresponds to about 85-90% of DM cases. Brazil is the fifth country with the largest number of people diagnosed with DM and it was estimated that in 2010 about 40 thousand people died due to diabetes. Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a tree which belongs to the family aquifoliaceas and it is originated from the subtropical region of South America. Among several phytochemicals present in yerba-mate the most important are phenolic compounds, saponins and methylxanthines. The use of yerba-mate as a functional food is relatively recent and earlier studies have shown that aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis, which are rich in phenolic compounds, are capable of inhibit the formation of the advanced glycation end-products. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and two-dimensional experiments) was capable of identify and quantify the major metabolites present in the human urine samples diagnosed with T2DM and IGT. The relatively quantification of the metabolites alanine, DMA, citrate, creatinine, betaína and TMAO showed that the intake of yerba-mate infusions could assist in the treatment of DM. The aim of the second part of this work was to apply the concept of metabolomic analyses in latex samples using the nuclear magnetic resonance technique as an analytical tool to evaluate the influence of rootstock on grafting, the quality of latex from different Abstract xiv DQ - UFSCar rubber tree clones and the latex with high and low production of poliisoprene belonging to the same clone. The production and consumption of natural rubber in Brazil is gradually growing, however the consumption rate is superior to the production rate causing deficits and rising imports of the product. The rubber tree clones in Brazil were created and studied in order to fight South America Leaf Blight, however the focus of recent works have been the developments of clones with high poliisoprene production, wind resistance, better precocity, and panel disease resistance. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and two-dimensional experiments) was capable of identify and quantify the major metabolites present in the latex samples. In the study of the influence of rootstock on grafting was possible to distinguish the latex samples from the RR and GG groups. The latex samples from GR group are similar to the latex samples of RR group while the latex samples of RG group are spread between the RR and GG groups. From the several clones studied in this work it was possible to verify that the IAC 505 clone is the most similar to the experiment witness clone RIMM 600. Through the analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum of the IAC 235 latex samples was possible to verify that the most important difference between the latex samples with high and low production of poliisoprene is the concentration of sucrose.
Ensino significativo de física por projetos: campanha de economia de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Oliveira, Naylor Ferreira de
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8965991263152800
This work presents a strategy of meaningful learning based on projects. In the education proposal, steps are suggested to the development of the general design, regardless of the subject to be studied. These steps envolve the application of a diagnostic evaluation (student/teacher), motivation circumstances, research (students), concepts formalization (teacher), development and execution of the Project, exposure results, discussion on social networks, classroom discussions and final evaluation (students). These steps are developed in activities held inside the classrooms and extra classrooms. To exemplify this proposal, an specific Project called Campanha de Economia de Energia Elétrica (Power Energy Economics Campaign) was developed to be used as motivating and facilitating instrument to aim a successfully teaching. In order to fulfill the requirements of the Project, it was explored the wide exposure of the subject in the print and broadcast media, besides the Technologies, posters, debates and lectures. In this context, the Project of the author and its application are described in first and second classrooms of high school as well as other Project elaborated by two teachers of public school, through Observatório da Educação UFSCar-Capes, an state university located in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil. This work also presents the topics discussed during the development of the Project, the diagnostic evaluation and the final evaluation, besides the Schedule activities, with handouts, suggested to be taken as a pattern to be followed by the Professional of the same area. This work emphasizes the effects of sharing knowledge and experiences. In a general way, the application and pedagogic learning Project makes this process much more efficient and engaged. So, the concerned people, mainly students, can take advantage in understanding the meaning of scientific terms.
Internações hospitalares e mortalidade por fratura de fêmur em idosos na rede pública de saúde do Brasil entre 1992-2008: modelos de previsão, sazonalidade e relação com variáveis meteorológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-29)
Castro, Alessandra Paiva de
;
Rebelatto, José Rubens
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9752231881764067
Introduction. There is a lack of information on epidemiological trends and seasonal variation relating to femoral fractures among elderly people in Brazil. This study had the aims of examining the historical series of hospital admissions and intrahospital mortality due to femoral fractures among elderly Brazilians, within the public healthcare system; ascertaining whether any trend or periodicity exists (and the correlation with climatic variables); making predictions; and verifying differences between brazilian regions, genders and age groups. Method. Monthly data from the hospital information system of the national healthcare system relating to hospitalizations and mortality due to femoral fractures among elderly people, covering 1992-2008, were used. Population-based coefficients of hospital admission were calculated from the resident populations, according to sex and age group in each region of Brazil, and were analyzed using time series analysis methods, to ascertain seasonal variations and adjust predictive models. Then, monthly meteorological data (compensated mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity, total insolation, number of days with precipitation and total accumulated rainfall) relating to the period from 1992 to 2009 were used, from Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Goiânia, Salvador, Fortaleza, Teresina and Manaus. The numbers of hospital admissions due to femoral fractures within the public healthcare system in ten Brazilian state capitals during the study period were gathered from the DATASUS database. Results. The southeastern region presented the highest mean coefficients, followed by the central-western and southern regions. Older age groups and females presented higher coefficients of hospitalization. There was a seasonal pattern, with higher coefficients in the winter for all age groups, both sexes and all regions except northern Brazil. From 1992 to 2008, a significant reduction in coefficients occurred (24.4%), but the time series revealed an increasing trend starting in 2001, which presented a projected increase in the coefficient of hospitalization for Brazil of 27% by 2018. However, among elderly individuals over the age of 80 and in the central-western region, decreases in the coefficient were projected. The mortality rate was 4.1% over the study period. The southeastern region, older age groups and males presented higher mortality rates. The time series for Brazil, females, the age group from 70 to 79 years, the northern region and the southeastern region presented semestral periodicity, with higher mortality rates in the winter and summer and lower rates in the spring and autumn. Between 1992 and 2008, there was no significant variation in the rate, but by 2018, there will be an increase of around 45%. Seasonality was observed in the femoral fracture coefficients in the seven state capitals of higher latitude, while it was not observed in the three capitals of lower latitude. The climatic factor that presented the greatest correlation with the fracture coefficients was the minimum temperature (r = -0.5 in São Paulo). In most of the state capitals, the correlation was inverse and delayed by one month. In some state capitals, there was also a negative correlation with precipitation, with delays that ranged from one to three months. The correlations with humidity and insolation were less consistent and of lower intensity. Conclusions. Many issues in epidemiology of femoral fractures in Brazilian older people were clarified.
Estudos hematológicos e caracterização estrutural e funcional das hemoglobinas do peixe pulmonado Lepidosiren paradoxa (Dipnoi, Fitzinger, 1837) e do peixe de respiração aérea facultativa Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Characiformes, Spix, 1829)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-01)
Silva, Hugo Ribeiro da
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
The blood cell composition in their qualitative and quantitative aspects as well as the functional properties of hemoglobin (Hb) shows characteristic of adaptation to the aquatic environment, aiding the understanding of the adaptability of the fish to the environment. The present study aimed to analyze the peripheral blood cells and the structural and functional characterization (in vitro) of hemoglobins of the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa and facultative air-breathing fish H. unitaeniatus collected nearby Cuiaba, MT. The hematological variables, blood cell size, plasma ions, glucose and protein concentrations and the osmolality as well as the electrophoretic patterns of Hbs, the Root effect, quantification and the effect of allosteric modulators (IHP, ATP, GTP, 2.3 - BPG and NaCl) of the affinity of Hb to oxygen and Hb affinity in experiments of oxygenation in the blood stripped to and 4oC, 21oC and 40oC. The blood cells of L. paradoxa are exceptionally large and not numerous compared to H. unitaeniatus. The hematocrit and blood pH were similar in the two species. The erythrocyte number was lower in L. paradoxa (52 .103 ± 17 L-1) than in H unitaeniatus (2386 .103 ± 370 L-1). The hematimetric indexes mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb were higher in L. paradoxa while the mean corpuscular Hb concentration and Hb concentration were higher in H. unitaeniatus. Among the white blood cells, in L. paradoxa, the lymphocytes (65.00 ± 4.00 %) were the most frequent cells, followed by eosinophils (19.00 ± 3.00 %), neutrophils (12.00 ± 2.00 %), monocytes (2.00 ± 0.60 %) and basophils (1.40 ± 0.40 %). In H. unitaeniatus lymphocytes were also the most frequent cells (85.14 ± 3.21 %) followed by neutrophils (12.00 ± 3.00 %) and monocytes (2.90 ± 1.23 %). In L. paradoxa the Mg+2, glucose and total protein plasma levels were significantly smaller than in H. unitaeniatus. There were no significant differences in the levels of K+, Ca+2, Cl- and osmolarity of plasma and between both species. Two Hb components, one major and another minor band was identified in L. paradoxa and another smaller; in H. unitaeniatus 6 anode components being 3 slow components and 3 fast component have been identified at different concentrations. In both species the stripped Hbs in three temperatures and in the presence of modulators, showed normal Bohr effect. In L. paradoxa cooperatively values were near 2.00 indicating cooperatively and absence of effect of Root; in H. unitaeniatus the cooperatively values were near 1.50, indicating low cooperatively and presence of Root effect. The affinity of Hb-oxygen proved be higher as decreased the temperature. The 2.3 - BPG was little effective in modulate the Hb in both species. The IHP ATP, GTP, and NaCl acted as negative modulators, being more effective in the modulation of Hb of H. unitaeniatus. The 2.3 - BPG was not detected in H. unitaeniatus and the ATP was the primary nucleotide intraeritrocitário for the two species being approximately 2 times higher than the GTP. In L. paradoxa was detected small amount IP2, but not in H. unitaeniatus. Our results show marked differences between the blood cells of L. paradoxa and H. unitaeniatus and the ability of adaptation of Hbs to environmental conditions to which they living.
Precessão Livre de Onda Contínua (CWFP) como ferramenta para supressão do sinal de solvente em RMN de alta resolução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-01)
Duarte, Claudimar Junker
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Venâncio, Tiago
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065086767122141
The application of Continuous Wave Free Precession (CWFP) method for solvent suppression in high resolution NMR spectroscopy is reported. The applied methodology was based in the use of conventional pulse sequence that use a train of pulses with same phase, intensity and duration, separated by a time interval (Tp) shorter than the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the sample. After that, it was performed modifications that correspond to the phase alternation of pulses. These modifications allowed to minimize phase anomalies, which result from the refocusing of the magnetization and occur in the 1H spectrum when using the conventional pulse sequence. Through the new sequence, named PA-CWFP, it was possible to suppress solvent signals in several samples with different characteristics and the determination of sucrose content in four different types of grapes (Vitis vinifera), available in the local trade. In addition, the train of pulses with phase alternation was added in two routines 2D experiments: COSY (Correlation Spectroscopy) and HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation Spectroscopy). The results were compared with traditional sequences for solvent suppression and demonstrate the potential of Continuous Wave Free Precession method for experiment of this type.