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Estudo do comportamento do centro de pressão no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-12)
Nora, Fernanda Grazielle da Silva Azevedo
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Costa, Paula Hentschel Lobo da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9083349298690934
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8031963003997806
Postural stability is an important ability of the human body in standing position as well as in dynamic activities like locomotion. It influences all motor and muscle aspects related to the execution of a motor task and is achieved by appropriate support conditions, coordinated muscle activity and proprioceptive information. The center of pressure behavior can be studied under different conditions, providing information on how the body reacts to postural instabilities. Thus the main purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for the study of the center of pressure behavior in order to evaluate static and dynamic equilibrium conditions of the human body. In order to achieve the goals, the structure of this thesis is composed of three studies. The equilibrium control during single leg ballet poses and the anticipatory postural adjustments prior to the first step in gait were discussed in the first and second study respectively. In the third study, methodological aspects were reviewed and a data processing standardization to study the center of pressure behavior during gait initiation was proposed. Dynamometry with force platforms was the measurement method used for all studies. The results allow to identify balance control strategies in ballet dancers and anticipatory postural adjustments existing during the transition from standing still to the cyclic gait steps. Some clinical applications of the results are presented and also directions for future studies.
Abordagem para criação de linguagens específicas de domínio para robótica móvel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-12)
Conrado, Daniel Bruno Fernandes
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Camargo, Valter Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469934696623908
Autonomous mobile robots are machines capable of executing repetitive/dangerous tasks more efficiently. Most of them have an embedded software which is responsible for their execution. Over the last years, the complexity of these applications has continuously growing and they are presenting challenges that are uncommon to traditional information systems development. Therefore, any technique that can support their development is a great contribution. A technique that improves the productivity is to use domain-specific languages (DSLs). These are modeling and programming languages whose constructs are concepts and abstractions of a particular domain. It frees developers from worrying about generic programming concepts (classes, objects, attributes, etc.) and allows them to focus on the problem to be solved. As creating a DSL is not a trivial task and pointing the idiosyncrasies of mobile robots, this dissertation presents an approach for engineering DSLs to mobile robots. The aim is to make the activity of creating DSLs to this domain more systematic and controlled. In this approach, an application is taken as input and a series of domain statements is extracted from it. These statements are classified into categories and each one of them are analized in order to extract commonalities and variabilities, wich are transformed into components of a DSL. An important characteristic of the approach is that it asks for just one application to reach a first version of a running DSL. We suggest that the same DSL can be evolved just by applying the approach again using another application as input. So new components could be created and the existing ones could be modified. We also present a generic language model providing a foundation architecture that allows one to easily create new DSLs by extending it. Two proofs of concept are presented in order to exemplify the application of our approach.
MDWA : uma abordagem guiada por modelos para desenvolvimento de software Web
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-13)
Theodoro Júnior, Marcelo Brandão
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3718094493526898
Software development techniques continually evolve in order to improve development and maintenance processes in addition to lower costs and higher quality. The goal of MDD is to reduce the semantic distance between a problem and its solution specification. Therefore MDD focuses on high-level abstraction modeling and successive model transformations, until finally, generate code. Studies assert that model-driven development can be significantly more efficient than traditional source code-driven software development and still reduce the possibility of occurrence of several problems during the software life-cycle. Likewise, Web engineering can also be benefited by MDD adoption, especially when supported by approaches that facilitate MDD use. Web development is usually agile with frequent releases, these approaches must be flexible to adapt to this context. However, generally, the approaches proposed by the academic community have complex processes which involve many different model definitions, programming languages, plug-ins and IDEs. These features contradict the practices adopted by Web developers. This paper presents the MWDA (Model-Driven Web Applications) approach that provides a simple process to support model-driven web development. This approach does not depend on tools, technologies or plug-ins and encourage combination with other forms of reuse and development processes. Furthermore, the Ruby- MDWA was developed with Ruby language and Ruby on Rails framework support, in order to create Web applications with MDWA assistance. This tool provides a set of textual models and defines M2M and M2C transformation tools, maintaining the requirements traceability since its specification to its construction and further maintenance. In order to show the use of the approach and tool, it was performed a real study case with a software company, from São Carlos SP, where a project management system was developed. In parallel, two experiments were conducted with undergraduate students in Computer Science and Computer Engineering and a Masters in Computer Science, to evaluate the gains and limitations of the Ruby-MDWA tool.
Estudo bibliométrico e epistemológico da produção científica em Educação Física na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-13)
Sacardo, Michele Silva
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Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823041497150247
This study aimed to produce indicators of scientific production in the Graduate Programs in Physical Education (PPGEF) and Education (PPGE) the Midwest (States of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and Distrito Federal) and analyze them critically. The study was characterized as a literature / document, because it involves reading, literature selection and registration of interest for the proposed study, criticalepistemological character. The sources selected were the theses defended in Physical Education Graduate Programs in Education at UFG, PUC / GO, UNB, UFMT, UCDB and UFMS and the Graduate Program in Physical Education at UCB / DF and UNB from the beginning of creation of these courses by 2010. For the development of the collection were developed two forms with the help of MS Excel work sheet named: 1 Form Collection Bibliometric/Epistemologyand2 -Form for Collection of References. The first form was composed of bibliometric indicators (author, year, coach handbag, concentration area, online search, job title, institution, graduate program, keywords, abstract, etc.) and elements underlying epistemological analysis, which were adapted and included building on the instrumental analysis called "Mother epistemology." The results showed that there was a predominance of bias biological and biodynamic(from the empirical-analytic approach38%) in the production of scientific EF produced mainly in PPGEF However, apart from these, there are in evidence and booming scientific production is more critical for consolidation in this region of the country, demonstrated by their characteristics and interests from research conducted in Education Programs, as well as the evidence revealed in PPGEF the UNB/DF greater scope for the construction of other references (phenomenology and Marxist which to gether accounted for59%), strengthening and rescuing the subarea sociocultural and pedagogical.
O trabalho de ofício no pensamento pedagógico contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-13)
Trindade, Gestine Cássia
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Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9370593961536354
The advance of pedagogical thinking supposes beforehand a more intelligible elucidation of the relationship between work and education. In the current sociability, despite the hegemony of industrialism and machinery, the craftsmanship of the past still remains in different ways and plays an important role in the formation of education. Thus, the role played by craftsmanship in Education is the main subject under investigation in this thesis. Also, the general goal is to investigate the purpose, content and form of craftsmanship in contrast with industrial work in order to criticize the aims of the former set by the studies on Education. The main idea is that the precedence of craftsmanship in pedagogical thinking hinders and delays the social function of school education as well as the integral development of generations. This study carried out a literature research that combined the method of investigation with the method of exposition by presenting results intrinsically linked to the corpus. The theoretical perspective is based on the Marxist tradition, in special on the studies conducted by Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci. The thesis was organized into three chapters: (1) "Craftsmanship in the 'shadows' of industrial work"; (2) "The heritage of craftsmanship in contemporary Education"; and (3) "Challenges for the contemporary pedagogical thinking". The conclusion remits to the identification of three problems: (1) the contradictory aspects of craftsmanship; (2) the allurement of the pedagogical principle based on experience; and (3) the mismatch between the pedagogical principles based on work and experience. Four fundamentals were established following the problems which were pointed out in the conclusion: (1) the great theme of contemporary pedagogy is the relationship between work and education; (2) craftsmanship holds precedence in the contemporary pedagogical thinking; (3) the cursed legacy of craftsmanship jeopardizes the universalist character of pedagogical thinking, risking the social function of school education and the integral development of generations; and (4) as the current pedagogical studies can be understood as an affirmative proposal for human formation and school education and as a mediator between mankind and cultural work, their challenge is to detect the contradictions resulting from this ideological operation and suggest new ways to overcome them. It is also said that work - vital activity and pedagogical principle is an open book for the objectivation of mankind s generic life and for the school education in which the contemporary of our time is formed.
Capitalismo tardio e educação profissional : as escolas agrotécnicas federais mineiras de Barbacena, Rio Pomba e Uberlândia (1940-1970)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14)
Coutinho, Ednaldo Gonçalves
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0739472266207885
This research aimed at salvaging the history of creation of three school institutions from Minas Gerais State (Brazil), as far as history, capitalism and education are concerned, focusing on the Professional Education, mainly for the Agricultural Teaching: Uberlândia Campus, belonging to the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro (previously named Uberlândia Agricultural School and Federal Agrotechnical School of Uberlândia) and Rio Pomba Campus (previously named Rio Pomba Agricultural School, Agricultural Gymnasium of Rio Pomba and Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Pomba) and the one of Barbacena (once named Barbacena Agricultural school, Agricultural School of Barbacena and Agrotechnical Federal School of Barbacena), which belong to the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Southest of Minas Gerais. Its objectives were the following: a) understand what motivated the creation of these institutions in the countryside of Minas Gerais State, in terms of education policies and its relations to the national economy aimed at the agricultural sector; b) understand if the pedagogical practices of the Agricultural School were in accordance with the desired aim , considering its foundation, and if they were in consonance with the laws; c) investigate if the formation of the Agricultural or Farming Technician, offered by these institutions, has been in accordance with the Agricultural modernization during the researched period and if this formation was accomplished in and to this modernization desired by the Federal Government; d) analyze its curricular structures and verify if they were all identical; e) evaluate which social class it was aimed at. In order to carry out this investigation, a sinuous methodological way was used to comprehend a bibliographic review of the most adequate themes to the research and the analysis of oral, iconographic and written sources. As theoretical support, we can highlight the contributions of Magalhães (2004), Faria Filho (2003), Werle (2004), Fonseca (1961a; 1961b), Cunha (1979a; 1979b; 1983; 1984; 2000a; 2000b; 2000c; 2001), Ianni (1996), Prado Júnior (1967), Ramos (1995), Romanelli (1998), which are already considered acknowledged studies by the Brazilian traditional, technical and professional education, mainly, in the context of its public policies and the critical appreciation of the composition of this chain of institutions in the national scenario. In their historic trajectory, the searched schools experienced a series of transformations which, in the superficiality of the legal texts, were conducted for administrative reasons, but which, under a hermeneutic point of view, were deliberated transformations to meet economic issues. The acknowledgement that the economy and the political interests determined the routes of Education in Brazil, becomes even more obvious when, in the modernization context, the School-Farm System was implanted, according to which pedagogical practice and the production in economical conditions are confused and direct the formation of the technician to act as an agent of modernization. The used sources (public and institutional archives, local newspapers, Town-hall minutes, pictures, bibliographical mapping, etc) enabled the analyzes and the comprehension of the facts and educational discussions in national and regional levels and permitted to confront them with those described by the specialized literature to the Brazilian reality. Finally, the thesis establishes a dialog with historic and theoretical bases and also search for interrelations with Brazilian Education issues, mainly, the ones which refer to Agricultural teaching.
Mecanização e intensificação do trabalho no corte de cana do CAI canavieiro do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14)
Reis, Leonardo Ferreira
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1541437196308921
Assuming that the work is the central category in the production process, the relationship between the recent modernization, in special in the harvesting activities, and the manual harvesting work intensification were studied in the Sugarcane Agroindustrial Complex of São Paulo State. The work intensification, which involves high energy expenditure by the workers, is produced by a strong degradation of their life and work quality, in special as a result of the meritocracy system adopted for their payment, once it takes into account the sugar cane harvesting production per worker. The modernization of the Brazilian agriculture, that started in the 60`s, heavily influenced the manual work intensification. At that time, the Brazilian organization model encouraged an aggressive concentration of land and capital, and tried to suppress most of the social workers movements in rural areas. In the 90 s, the sugar and alcohol sectors presented a sharp increase, mainly due to the broad plan for implementing the use of biofuels, specially produced from sugarcane. A new process of modernization started in 2007, when an agri-environment protocol was signed up between sugar cane mills owners and the State of Sao Paulo government. Seeking to reduce the environmental and social liabilities of this sector, this protocol prescribes the end, by 2014, of the pre-harvesting sugarcane burning in areas where harvesting could be mechanized. The present study includes information from three sugarcane mills and from interviews with actors of the Agroindustrial Sugarcane Complex of São Paulo State to evaluate the consequences of sugarcane harvesting mechanization on manual harvesting labor intensification. Taking into account the harvesting costs, it was obtained a value of R$6.24/ton by using manual harvesting and R$3.41/ton to R$5.33/ton when harvesting was mechanized, taking into account 860 and 550 ton/day of harvested sugarcane. ..These results indicate a great economic advantage of the mechanized over the manual harvesting. Therefore, it was observed that mechanization did not attain the goals proposed by the agri-environment protocol. The sugarcane manual harvesting is still widely used to support the mechanization harvesting , which include areas of high slope and low machine accessability. Higher productivity areas are mechanized to obtain higher benefit/cost, leaving those of low productivity for manual harvesting. The comparison of the historical series data of the manual harvesting productivity between 2007/2008 and 2011/2012 indicates that sugarcane harvesting mechanization is responsible for the increase of labor work intensification, This increase in work intensification 10 is a consequence of the effort to attain about the same wage as before harvesting mechanization was implemented.
Reconhecimento do talento em alunos com perdas auditivas do ensino básico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14)
Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
The thematic of talent is accepted among the special educational needs (SEN) since the 70 s when it was at the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional for the first time. This group of students hasn t received appropriated educational answers to their SEN that have been confirmed by the low dates from the school census. On the other hand, the disabled students are put with more emphasis in the special educational services at the common schools and special educational institutions. The students who present two SEN - disabilities or syndromes - can receive the services in the multiple disabilities. The students with twice special educational needs (TSEN), talent and hearing loses, aren t recognized by their abilities. The recognition of TSEN talent and hearing loses -, specifically at common schools, get a hard way in the inclusion process for the disabled students. This process involves others professionals as Libras interpreters, and specialists who works in the special rooms . This study aims to recognize the students with talent and hearing loses included at common schools. For this, the study was Exploratory and Case Study. Fifty-two (52) students took part of the study from both genders, and various grades of hearing lose enrolled in the junior high school and high school. Two schools were selected in the public system: School A (13 students enrolled in the state public school in the countryside of São Paulo); School B (29 students enrolled in the municipal system) located in the metropolitan area of São Paulo). The obtained results were: 1) Two (2) students were indicated at the School A, and 2) Four (4) students were indicated at the School B. For this, it s wished the results are traces for future studies to refine the gifted and talented students indications with hearing loses or others SEN. Also the indicated students don t get in the statistic dates only to increase them but the students receive educational services to develop their potentials.
Citogenética comparativa em espécies de Hypostomus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypostominae). Contribuição da fração repetitiva do genoma para a diversidade cromossômica do grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14)
Traldi, Josiane Baccarin
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Moreira Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7195727455140933
Hypostomus is the widest genus of the armored catfishes in South America. This group presents a great diversity in color pattern and morphology, and shows not conservative chromosomal features. Different classes of repetitive DNAs have distinct evolutionary dynamics in the genome of eukaryotes. Therefore, analyses and distribution of these sequences in chromosomes may provide important data about karyotype evolution and diversification. Given the large chromosomal variability of species of the genus Hypostomus, coupled with the valuable role of repetitive DNAs to elucidate evolutionary questions, this study aimed at contributing to the knowledge of the karyotype evolution of the genus Hypostomus, trying to understand the role of repetitive DNAs in this scenario. Classical cytogenetic analyses of Hypostomus ancistroides, Hypostomus iheringii, Hypostomus nigromaculatus e Hypostomus tapijara show that the diploid number, karyotype formula, heterochromatic distribution and location of ribosomic DNAs are widely variable in this group. In H. iheringii, it was identified a hetechromatic polymorphism, which is possibly related to the process of heterochromatinization. The present chromosomic characterization of H. iheringii and H. tapijara comprise the first cytogenetic studies in these species, which indicates the existence of a great unexplored diversity in this genus. In Hypostomus, few data concerning the location and characterization of repetitive sequences are available. The fluorescence in situ hybridization with rDNAs 18S and 5S probes showed different results for the four species, occurring simple, multiple and syntenic markings. The sites of (TTAGGG)n were restricted to the terminal portion of the arms of all chromosomes in H. ancistroides, H. nigromaculatus and H. tapijara, which corroborates the evolution pattern based on centric fissions proposed to Hypostomus. However, in H. iheringii, it was evidenced ITS sites (Interstitial Telomeric Site) on a chromosome pair, suggesting the presence of other chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of the group, in addition to centric fissions. The sequence (GATA)n, the largest component of the Bkm satellite DNA, and the retrotransposons Rex1, vi Rex3 and Rex6 showed a dispersed pattern in all species, indicating the possible relationship of these sequences with the great diversity of Hypostomus karyotype.
Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica em Filamento de Tungstênio (WCAES) : potencialidades e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-14)
Santos, Luana Novaes
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9662009187785837
This thesis describes the analytical application of WCAES for the determination of Ca, Al, Cs, Sr and Cr in samples with different compositions. In all studies the observation zone of the detector related to the coil was critically evaluated. In the first study, Ca was determined in mineral water, coconut water and juice samples. It was necessary the dilution of the coconut water and juice samples with an oxidizing mixture composed by HNO3 and H2O2 in order to perform in situ digestion of the samples. The results obtained by WCAES were compared with those obtained by ICP OES and no significant difference was observed. The same mixture was used in a second study where WCAES was evaluated for the determination of Al in tea infusion and iced tea samples. The heating program composed by drying, pyrolysis and atomization steps was optimized. The Al concentrations determined by WCAES were compared with those obtained by ICP OES and no difference was observed. In the third study, a portable WCAES was employed in the determination of Cs and Sr in fish samples. The fish samples were homogenized using enzymatic digestion promoted by papain. The oxidizing mixture was also added in the slurries of fish samples in order to promote the decomposition of the organic concomitants. The limits of detection were comparable to conventional methods, such as ICP-MS for example. Finally, the effect of cobalt in the determination of Cr by WCAES was evaluated. A high concentration of this element caused a significant increase in the emission signals of Cr. The presence of cobalt also allowed the application of higher temperatures during the pyrolysis step. Then, cobalt acts as chemical modifier improving figures of merit for Cr determination using WCAES.
Redução de dimensionalidade usando agrupamento e discretização ponderada para a recuperação de imagens por conteúdo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19)
Pirolla, Francisco Rocha
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9675322602859451
This work proposes two new techniques of feature vector pre-processing to improve CBIR and image classification systems: a method of feature transformation based on the k-means clustering approach (Feature Transformation based on K-means - FTK) and a method of Weighted Feature Discretization - WFD. The FTK method employs the clustering principle of k-means to compact the feature vector space. The WFD method performs a weighted feature discretization, privileging the most important feature ranges to distinguish images. The proposed methods were employed to pre-process the feature vector in CBIR and in classification approaches, comparing the results with the pre-processing performed by PCA (a well known feature transformation method) and the original feature vector: FTK produced a reduction in the feature vector size with an improving in the query precision and a improvement in the classification accuracy; WFD improved the query precision up to and a improvement in the classification accuracy; the combination of WFD and FTK improved also the query precision and a improvement in the classification accuracy. These are very important results, especially when compared with PCA results, which leads to a minor reduction in the feature vector size, a minor increase in the query precision and a minor increase in the classification accuracy. Also the proposed approaches have linear computational cost where PCA has a cubic computational cost. The results indicate that the proposed approaches are well-suited to perform image feature vector pre-processing improving the overall quality of CBIR and classification systems.
Abordagens de otimização para transporte, armazenagem, esmagamento e refino em empresas do complexo agroindustrial da soja no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19)
Amaral, Mônica do
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Souza, Maurício Cardoso de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2834522198832797
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
Soybean is one of the most important Brazilian agricultural products and its complex - composed by grain, meal and by crude and refined oils - yields about $ 30 billion only in exports annually. Approximately 40% of soybeans harvested is exported, while the remaining 60% go through industries. After processing the soy grain, meal and crude oil are obtained, and crude oil can be further refined. These products can be domestically consumed or exported. This thesis propose optimization approaches based on network flow models to represent, at the operational level, decisions on intermodal transport, processing and storage along the chain. And, at the strategic level, we propose facility location models based on mixed integer programming to support investment decisions in intermodal terminals, in processing and refining facilities, besides in warehouses. To better represent this supply chain, which is a large scale system, it is also developed a highly sparse network structure, making the models more tractable computationally. In this study, the focus is on the decision-making process of companies in this sector, rather than aimming to support government decisions in the soybean chain, as in previous studies in the literature. Typical problems of companies are specialized only in the export of soybeans and also companies operating throughout the agribusiness chain of soybean and its byproducts. This assumption deals with a natural subdivision of the network flow models in problems oriented by single product, as in the case of the first companies, and by multiproducts in the case of other enterprises. Verification tests were conducted using secondary data and realistic scenarios to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approaches. For computational effort tests, instances were randomly generated. Tests conducted in an optimization software compares the computational performance of these models in different tests of control parameters, including the use of relaxations. Additionally, some mathematical programming based heuristics were proposed and tested - relax-and-fix and fix-and-optimize - for two location models of intermodal terminals, warehouses, refineries and overwhelming, comparing the results obtained with exact and approximate approaches.
Municipalidades na governança das águas: hierarquias e interdependências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19)
Lima, Márcio Junior Teixeira de
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Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4648445409049021
This dissertation addresses the forms of acting of local government in water governance, presenting the case of the Basin Committee Tietê-Jacaré, located in the central region of São Paulo State. The river basin committees are decentralized bodies that aim to discuss and decide the ways in which water resources should be managed at the local level. The new form of governance of water includes several local stakeholders involved in its use, as sectors of civil society and municipalities in the region of the basin. Through a sociological perspective, the main objective is to understand the dynamics of representation and participation of stakeholders within the Basin Committee, focusing on municipal governments. The Committee is understood here as an expression of social space where different agents are present with different social positions and try to impose their world view for all who are present. Therefore, it is important to consider the construction of hierarchies and relations of interdependence involving the main groups active in this space.
Avaliação do potencial bacterívoro de três espécies de cladocera de ocorrência tropical e subtropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-19)
Hayashi, Luciana Hitomi
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120277643475516
Cladocerans occupy an important position in freshwater food webs, acting like a bacteria consumer; being relatively non-selective filter feeders they can exert a strong impact on reducing microbial population. This study aimed to analyze the microbial community structure and evaluate the grazing potential in different life stages of three species of cladoceran socurring in tropical and subtropical climate (Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Daphnia gessneri), using a microscopic study of their filter structures and quantifying the grazing rates, the latter experiments were performed in vitro and in situ using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB). The in situ experiments were performed in a predominantly mesotrophic subtropical environment (Lobo-Broa Reservoir, Brazil) on two sampling points with different trophic degrees.In parallel, physical, chemical and biological water variables were also evaluated. The bacterial densities and biomass were similar to those found in freshwater environments. For the morphotypes, there was a dominance of coccobacilli and cocci (78.5% of total). In thein vitro experiments, the lowest values found for individual ingestion rates (IIR) and removal (RR) were respectively 1,1 x 105 Bact.ind -1 h-1 and 0,1 mL.ind -1 h-1 in primiparous C. silvestrii, and the highest values were, respectively, 4,4 x 105 Bact.ind -1 h-1 e 0,4 mL.ind-1 h-1, observed in adult D. gessneri. Neonate sof all species showed relatively high ingestionand removal rates. During the in situ experiments, C.silvestrii, had the highest individual ingestion rates (IIR) 27, 7 x 104 bact ind-1 h-1. In populational terms, the studied daphnids distinguished themselves by consuming large amounts of bacteria in the rainy season. The daphnids grazing for this environment may have contributed to induce changes in the structure of bacterial communities, such as increasing the size and amount of bacterial filaments. Therefore, we noted that the bottom-up control had greater importance during the dry season and the top-down control larges timportance in the rainy season; the availability of resources and predationare also importantin the regulation of bacterial abundancein the Lobo reservoir. The studied species showed a sufficiently narrow mesh network to retain bacteria, the largest average distance between setulaewas found in primiparous C.cornuta (0.39μm), and the smallest in neonate D.gessneri (0.11μm). Although the three species have thinmeshes, the changes in its meshes occur differently for each species.
As prisões de São Paulo: dinâmicas, fluxos e as implicações nas trajetórias de egressos prisionais. Uma perspectiva a partir do monitor preso de educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-20)
Melo, Felipe Athayde Lins de
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
The striking phenomenon of growing urban violence and the expansion of the prison while a privileged mode of punishment in contemporary societies have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers for the description and analysis of the processes that take place in prison and from it. This research is part of in this field, having a concern to question a binomial normative of the prison policy, whereby the experience in prisons opposes the paths to "reintegration" and "criminal recidivism." Discussing these concepts and opposing to them, the research points to the need to understand the social dynamics that make up the life of prison former inmates, intersecting them with the practices of the prison administration and with the flow and the increasingly more frequent links between the inside and the outside of prisons. Thus, I seek to understand the social processes that mark the paths of former inmates of São Paulo s prison system, subject little explored in the Brazilian literature and whose approach dialogues with recent studies on the social dynamics which have an effect on the lives in prison. It also dialogues with studies that are not focused on the prison, but whose themes this institution presents itself, whether as a differentiation marker of individuals, whether as a dissemination beam of social relations linked to the world of crime. The study takes place around the description of the trajectory of Diego s life, former inmate of São Paulo s prison system, and his interaction, at different times, with the research author. Therefore, São Paulo s prison system own dynamics are described and unofficial processes of shared management of prisons are emphasized between the state administration and the different groups of prisoners currently existing. In this sharing, the education inmate monitor stands out, highlighted position occupied by Diego.
Manuseio de carga : sintomas musculoesqueléticos e indicadores psicossociais em ambiente real e efeito da adaptação de caixas na redução de fatores de risco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-20)
Nogueira, Helen Cristina
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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985037319198420
With the rapid development of civil aviation in Brazil there was a large number of subjects involved in the aircraft maintenance work. Much of workers develop tasks involving manual material handling (MMH), which already have evidenced musculoskeletal risks. However, workers from the aircraft maintenance industry suffer huge pressure due the safety issues and the quality of the work that is performed. There were no studies in the literature that addressed the risk factors present in this sector. Thus, the aim of Study 1 was to evaluate the psychosocial indicators, as well as reports of musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders among workers iof the aircraft maintenance industry. One hundred and one employees were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, a standardized physical examination, the Job Content Questionnaire and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The results indicate that the workers are exposed to good psychosocial conditions, which have neither prevented the emergence of musculoskeletal disorders, nor the self reported pain and functional disability, particularly associated with the lower back. As the MMH was the main activity performed by the aircraft maintenance workers assessed, musculoskeletal disorders seem to be associated with the biomechanical characteristics of this activity. Despite the risks already identified, the literature suggests some strategies for reducing the physical load imposed to the musculoskeletal system during MMH. These strategies such as the implementation of handles on boxes, ensuring better coupling object/hands during handling. However, the recommendations of adaptations in boxes are not conclusive regarding handle placement, and their impact on workers' musculoskeletal conditions. Thus, the Study 2 was conducted based on a systematic literature review. The aim was to synthesize evidence regarding the effect of adjustment on boxes, aiming at reduction of musculoskeletal load. A survey was conducted in the following databases: Embase, Pubmed / Medline, Web of Science, and Lilacs Bireme CINAHAL, Sportdiscuss, Cochrane. Two reviewers independently selected the relevant studies, and any disagreements were solved by consensus. Cross-sectional studies were included. The scale proposed by Ariens (2000) was used to assess the quality of the studies included in this review. The electronic search yielded a total of 1170 references published in English. At the end of the selection process, and after manual search of references, the selection included 15 cross-sectional studies. Due to do the great methodological variability, regarding both methods and the proposed adaptations (size and mass of boxes), associated with the low quality of the studies prevented the synthesis of evidence. There is a need of using objective and subjective methods to evaluate standardized boxes with handles, which can also be applied to the assessment of other ergonomic interventions. Furthermore, the handles should be investigated using various positions and inclinations, and the MMH has to be carried out to different heights, in order to provide more conclusive evidence to support the implementation of those adaptations in the occupational practice. Experienced subjects have also to be considered in future studies.
Functional status and dyspnea as performance of activities of daily living after physical and inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-20)
Regueiro, Eloisa Maria Gatti
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2901466840054711
Parâmetros histomorfométricos do intestino delgado em frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo diferentes fontes de sorgo e concentrações de tanino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-21)
Cavaliere, Gustavo Alexandre
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Dias, Luciana Thie Seki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0630011302129660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2676128266592327
Sorghum is increasingly being used for animal feed replacing corn, due to their similar nutritional characteristics, but with a lower cost. However one factor that negatively influences the nutritional value of sorghum is the presence of tannin that is an anti-nutritional factor that affects the nutrients absorption by the animal. We evaluated the effect of the sorghum with high and low tannins concentrations and / or the addition of tannic acid in diets based on corn and soybean on the single jejunal (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) histomorphometric parameters in broilers. There were used 150 male chicks with 1 day old of Cobb lineage, they were created up to 42 days in cages, in a controlled environment and receiving isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. After the period, were collected fragments of the 3 single jejunal segments, where they were measured and analyzed through a microscope with a coupled camera, according with the established parameters (villus height, crypt depth, thickness of muscle layer and relationship between villus numbers and villus bifurcations numbers). The addition of tannin in diets caused histomorphometric modifications in all parameters, but they did not cause significant changes for affecting their productive performance, such as weight and carcass yield.
Estudo mecanístico de reações de estado sólido: o caso do sistema Pb/PbSO4/Na2SO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-21)
Freitas, Heverson Renan de
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8829870766609044
In this work, the growth and reduction of PbSO4 in Na2SO4 solution under transient conditions was characterized. A novel methodology for the working-electrode surface preparation before stabilization enhanced the voltametric measurements reproducibility. It was demonstrated a nucleation process during the growth first steps. It is suggested a new mechanism for the film growth by injection of non recombining point defects. On the other hand, the reduction occurs by injection of recombining point defects. It was demonstrated the validity of the Tafel equation for characterization of the metal/film interface and the ohmic model for the film. It was determined the Flade potential for the system Pb/PbSO4/Na2SO4. From the linear region on the Tafel plot, it was possible to determine the charge transfer coefficient and the exchange current density of the reaction Pb2+(metal)/Pb2+(film) at the Pb/PbSO4 interface. The ionic resistivity of the film was calculated versus the film thickness and the sweep rate during the transient. The disruption, which is the partial rupture of the passivation film into nanometric particles, was also analyzed. The anodic and cathodic charges determined here showed that the disruption does not occur when there is no potentiostatic aging of the film. Variation of the solution internal potential also does not affect the passivation film stability. However, when the film is subjected to a potentiostatic aging step after the voltammetric growth, if the cathodic sweep rate is bigger than the anodic one, the disruption can reach 10% of the total anodic charge, depending on reduction rate. Those aspects are different from what happens in the Pb/H2SO4 system, for which the disruption process can reach 60% of the film.
Os efeitos do laser terapêutico na cartilagem articular em modelo experimental de osteoartrite induzida por transecção do ligamento cruzado anterior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-11-22)
Santos, Anderson Amaro dos
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Renno, Ana Claudia Muniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4106611304688552
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993071180356578
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of laser therapy on the degeneratives modifications in articular cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Methods: We used eighty-male rats (Wistar), distributed into four groups: intact, injury control, injury laser treated, at 50 J/cm2 and injury laser treated, at 10 J/cm2. Animals were distributed into 2 subgroups, with different periods of sacrifice 5 and 8 weeks post-surgery. The animals were submitted to the surgery to induce OA by anterior cruciate ligament transection. Laser treatment started 2 weeks after the surgery and it was performed for 15 and 30 sessions. A laser 685 nm, at 10 and 50 J/cm2, 30mW was used. Results: Initial signs of tissue degradation could be observed 5 weeks post- ACLT, with the decrease of proteoglycans concentration and increase of thickness in the CG. After 8 weeks post-surgery, analysis showed a progression in the degenerative process in the CG, revealed by the increase of cellullarity and higher TNF- α, IL1 and MMP-13 immunoexpression. Laser therapy was able of modulating some of the aspects related to the degradative process, such as biomodulation of the number of condrocyte proliferation, prevention of proteogycans loss and decrease of MMP-13 immunoexpression. Conclusion: This study showed that 685nm laser, especially at 10 J/cm2 prevented features related to the articular degenerative process in the knees of rats.