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Configuração político-partidária do estado do Espírito Santo no contexto do regime militar : um estudo regional acerca das trajetórias de ARENA e MDB (1964-1982)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-17)
Oliveira, Ueber José de
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4446167716354950
Assuming that the Brazilian military regime, established in 1964, was based on maintaining two separate orders - the democratic order and exception (authoritarism) - this thesis has as main purpose to analyze this political party configuration, in Espírito Santo, between the years 1964 and 1982. The focus of this analysis is on the patch of the prevailing party associations in the period MDB and Arena - considering its constituent political groups, this specific federal unit, characterized as peripheral set in national development. The perspective taken for the analysis of this trajectory is the institutional framework set up by the Brazilian authoritarian regime (1964- 1985). It is analyzed, under this assumption and focus, the political election performance of the parties above in lawsuits aimed at filling vacancies in the legislative (Senate, House and Federal Legislature), according to electoral laws in force in each election and in own cyclical circumstances. It is also reconstituted, the different contexts succession, conducted indirectly since 1966, the choice of Governors, and exceptionally for Bionic Senator in 1978, examining the relationship between parties and governments formed in the period. The main hypothesis is that, despite the restrictions imposed by the military regime for the operation of the two-party system, it identifies certain lines of continuity between the pre-and post-1964. The results of the survey, which used a wide range of documents, and being based on the methodology multiple documentary research, demonstrate that the main political actors, be they individuals or groups within the political clubs in question, maintained certain positioning standards already verified in the political-electoral period of 1945-1964. In the case of capixaba Arena, the party met both members of the old PSD, with its two main wings - the urban-industrial and agro-land - as the political forces that gathered around the partisan front conventionally called partisan Democratic Coalition, that housed a wide range of political parties - UDN, PTB, PSP, PSB, PR, and others - which opposed the PSD. But MDB, since its beggining, rigged by a former member of the more conservative wing of the former PTB and its group, which sent to the opposition capixaba party the same conservative profile observed in regional PTB. The paper also analyzes the historical confluence between the development project that had been gestated in the Espírito Santo since the PSD governments, especially that of Jones dos Santos Neves (1943-1945/1951-1954) - whose political heirs of the Governor put into practice - and the implementation of the developmental project of the Military Governments. To this confluence of agendas - which proved to be a crucial element of legitimacy and permanence in positions of regional power, of alumni figures of urban-industrial portions of the old PSD, during most of the duration of the military regime - we call the Ideal Platform. The final part of the work is inclined to identify the realignments of those aforementioned political actors in the new multiparty scenario wrought upon the establishment of the New Republic, as well as the election campaign of 1982.
Estudo da alumina anódica porosa como sensor para diferentes gases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Guerreiro, Haroldo de Almeida
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1014103626919593
In this project we studied the porous anodic alumina as a possible application in gas sensors with high sensitivity. Initially we seek a configuration of anodic porous alumina (PA) and the type of gas or vapor in which both matched with great sensitivity by observing the photoluminescence of this material. Furthermore we sought to understand the mechanism of detecting the substance to a broader reach and optimizing the use of alumina sensor. A manufacturing already well tested with oxalic acid, only changing the anodization time for the same voltage or current density, was adopted for a small variation of samples with good ordering. Samples were also produced with and without pore opening. The optical properties of the porous film thus obtained were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) emitted perpendicularly to these pores, while the film was subjected to a controlled atmosphere of vapor of ethanol or methanol. The control parameters of temperature and vapor concentration was possible by the construction and use of a thermostated cell adapted to a spectrofluorimeter. The spectrum of each sample was monitored with time since deposition of alcohols in the cell was made with micro-syringe into the liquid phase and then evaporate. This perpendicular direction of luminescence emission of alumina allowed the oscillation of the already known PL presents peaks with much more defined and so much more resolution for changes in wavelength. Furthermore, it expressed the presence of the TE and TM modes separately in luminescence for some samples made at a higher concentration of oxalic acid in the electrolyte. The sensitivity to ethanol vapor for this PL technique allows detection of ethanol concentrations much smaller than the other until now achieved by using porous silicon. Based on studies about the source of the luminescence of the material and the construction of the interference pattern produced by the film type Fabry-Perot, a hypothesis was constructed for the modification of luminescence by ethanol vapor. Adsorption of molecules of ethanol/methanol by its hydroxide OH-, in the color centers F+ along the surfaces of the pores, modifies the average longitudinal position of the sources of luminescence in a critical geometry (near total internal reflection), which changes rapidly the reflectivity of the interface pores/air, altering the entire Fabry-Perot system for this adopted configuration, i.e., PL perpendicular to the pores. The simple change of the luminescence emission from frontal to lateral direction of the film provided an peak oscillation with lasers devices width, without the need to optically confine this film, as in the case of porous silicon sensors. This configuration may have contributed to or be reason for the great sensitivity (relative to the optical porous sensors for ethanol as the porous silicon) as it uses the part of the luminescence that interacts with more pores exposed to ethanol vapor. The reversible behavior and with better response just at room temperature, qualifies the PA system for construction of curves calibration, as well for various types of use in sensor which interfere very little in vapor concentration. The temporal behavior of the spectrum of a sample, under ethanol vapor, may be due to a rapid change in reflectivity of the interface pores/air for this selected PL "grazing", at an angle close to the internal total internal reflection. The change in reflectivity for this type of Fabry- Perot system and confined causes changes in both the shape of the spectrum oscillation, similar to the change in the coefficient of finesse, as in the displacement of the peak position in wavelengths.
Reciclagem e caracterização de fibra de carbono presente em compósito de resina epóxi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Rodrigues, Gleice Guevara Matielli
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9748384198258105
;
Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are engineering materials whose are used in a wide range of applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace and sporting goods due to the properties of these composites as strength, durability, low weight and low cost. There are in the literature studies of various methods of recycling carbon fiber at the end of life from parts made with this material. This work reports a study of the polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber reinforced polymer recycling from diglicicil epoxy ether of bisphenol A composite. Initial studies were aimed at finding the best condition to remove the polymer matrix and thereby recover the carbon fiber by heat treatment in a muffle furnace. The matrix was removed at 450°C without degradation of the carbon fiber at 2 hours. The removal of the meanly volatile substances was verified with the Gas Chromatography analysis. The carbon fiber was incorporated randomly in the polyurethane matrix without chemical pre-treatment. The confirmation of the removal of the resin carbon fiber was obtained through the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization of the carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane composite was performed using the techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and FTIR. Thus, it was observed that the carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane at 2 % and 3% showed improvement in the mechanical properties since the storage modulus value was 3 and 4 times more than pure PU, respectively. Moreover, the glass transition temperature was more than 140°C for the composite polyurethane/carbon fiber and 110°C for the PU pure.
Inconsciente e instinto de morte: um itinerário do debate inicial de Deleuze com a psicanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Sanches, Aline
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0570819174001324
Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty, published in 1967 by Deleuze criticizes psychoanalysis for sustaining the false notion of sadomasochism, and proposes a distinction between death instinct and death drive, so that sadism and masochism are regarded as different processes and mutually exclusive. Deleuze relies on Freud s arguments, more precisely on the text Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), to conceive the death instinct as a transcendental principle and to differentiate it from its psychic representative, the death drive. Deleuze thus initiates a philosophical investigation around the transcendental field and the pleasure principle. This investigation runs parallel to an intense debate on psychoanalytical theory, and continues during his later works. Deleuze appreciates the freudian suggestion of an unconscious functioning indifferent to the pleasure principle and governed by repetition. He proposes to develop the concept in the form of transcendental synthesis of time. Difference and Repetition (1968) places Freud in a dialogue with other philosophers especially Hume, Bergson and Nietzsche and postulates three transcendental syntheses marked by repetition, or three passive syntheses of time, which are constitutive of the unconscious and independent of the pleasure principle. From Deleuze s philosophical advances, a reevaluation of several psychoanalytical concepts begins, founded on an understanding of the death instinct as the positive and originating principle of the repetition, as the power that engenders thinking in thought under the effect of violence. Logic of Sense (1969) leads this line of investigation to the argument that the senses are produced by the power of the paradoxes and identifies the death instinct with no sense. Some concepts of Freud, Klein and Lacan are included in the composition of a new image of philosophy and of what it means to think. Trying to demonstrate that thought and sense are produced in close relationship with the erogenous body, Deleuze returns to the psychosexual development but now from the perspective of his philosophical concepts, and presents his own version of the genesis and dynamics of the psychological instances. In view of this philosophical course taking by Deleuze, this doctoral research proposed to explore his discussion with psychoanalysis, according to a trajectory outlined by the concept of death instinct along these three works. We demonstrate how Deleuze understands and appropriates of some psychoanalytic concepts, linking them with other concepts of his philosophy. We indicate which issues from psychoanalysis were valued in the composition of a transcendental philosophy of difference. From a systematic exposition of the criticisms and proposals that Deleuze addresses to the psychoanalytical field in this particular period, we carried out a confrontation between Deleuze's philosophical interventions and the original psychoanalytical texts. Ultimately, this research intends to contribute to a discussion about the pertinence, coherence and relevance of this debate for both domains.
Biotecnologia aplicada à segurança pública: estudo e adequação do método da ninidrina para revelação de impressões digitais em superfícies porosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-18)
Alves, Manoel Geralcino
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3512454094144958
Several works have been done worldwide and are dedicated to the advancement of software that enables the comparison and reading of fingerprints. Literature shows several works related to the development of scientific techniques that allow the improvement in the collection and disclosure of fingerprints left at crime scenes. Some of those techniques are based on the use of high-tech materials and devices, such as gold nanoparticles and thin films made of copper and gold. However, the cost of these techniques is very high for everyday use, especially when considering the financial budgets for police apparatus in developing countries. Attempting to improve economically such viable and efficient techniques in order to permit the disclosure of latent fingerprints left at crime scenes, this work aims the studying and development of the ninhydrin colorimetric method, by performing numerous tests on fingerprints deposited on porous surfaces, such as paper and walls. Once confirmed the viability of ninhydrin employment, both in laboratory and on-site, and also having adjusted the optimum temperature for rapid revelation; this study provides the use of image-processing software, enabling the expert to compare, in real time, even at the site of criminal traces, the fingerprint image found with the official registry database, thus, obtaining the identity of the offender within a short period of time.
Estimadores não paramétricos para dados com censura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Simioni, Paulo Ricardo
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6532783408466109
In this paper we study the reliability of systems with connected components in series and parallel. For systems in series, the device fails when the first component fails. Although in the parallel systems this happens when the last component fails. We define the distribution functions, sub-distribution functions and their respective properties. Here we present the Bayesian nonparametric estimator for the components of both systems, illustrating by examples. For both cases we performed a comparative study between the Bayesian nonparametric estimator and the Kaplan-Meier method.
Zirconato de cálcio: um estudo para aplicação como sensor de umidade relativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Andre, Rafaela da Silveira
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4843978824084924
In this work, it was used the Polymeric Precursors method (PPM). It started from a previous solution of metal cations in different concentrations, using citric acid as chelating agent and ethylene glycol as esterifying and polymerizing agent resulting in a dense resin. This resin was subjected to heat treatment at 300 ° C for a period of 4 hours for the pyrolysis of the obtained polyester resulting in amorphous compound. To obtain the crystalline powder, the amorphous compound was treated at different temperatures. The evolution of the crystallization process of CaZrO 3 and samples composition were accompanied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The X-ray patterns obtained were refined with the Rietveld method. To identify the presence of defects and the morphology of the samples, it was used the UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. To evaluate the sensor response, electrical measurements were performed showing that all samples showed CZO variation of electrical resistance against change in relative humidity. The methods of characterization showed structural differences in the samples as a function of composition variation of the system. The results indicate a transition from deep defects to light defects, due to the appearance of secondary phases in the system. Thus, according to the obtained results, the variation in composition may be used as a device to obtain materials with controlled optical properties and a more effective sensing and catalytic properties.
Crenças sobre a língua espanhola para estudantes brasileiros do ensino fundamental: características e uma proposta de encaminhamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Raizer, Paula Barros
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Yokota, Rosa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7157709550260372
Taking into account the classroom context, it is necessary to know and to comprehend the previous knowledge brought by students. The beliefs concept (BARCELOS, 1995) is recurring to try to understand this context and to help teachers to deal with the diversity they can find in the classroom and, according to Almeida Filho (1993), beliefs are fundamental parts in the process of learning a language, named by him as “Operação Global de Ensino de Línguas”. Considering the Spanish Language implantation at public schools, according to the law 11.161/05, it is necessary the study about the beliefs which future learners have about Spanish language. Likewise, this study has as a first goal to identify the beliefs about Spanish language learning and teaching in a group of people who participate in a Spanish language course at a public school. This course was offered by the Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID)/ Capes at a school in the interior of São Paulo state. Also as a goal, it is intended to verify whether beliefs changes happened during the course as well as whether the courses influenced on it. Taking into account the contextual approach of beliefs, at the beginning of the course it was applied a questionnaire in “Likert Scale” (HORWITZ, 1988). During the course, it was asked for them to write diaries and, in the end, they wrote a text, in such a way that beliefs could be mapped, as well as possible changes. The results obtained reveal beliefs that Spanish was a difficult language to be studied and it changed at the moment students got in touch with the language, what also elucidates the pronunciation appreciation to the detriment of writing and the interest of students in having Spanish as an obligatory subject. In the end, it was propounded the critical literacy view as a way of dealing with beliefs in the classroom, since critical literacy is one educational practice which focuses on the relation between language and worldview, social practices, power, identity, citizenship, intercultural relations and globalization/location aspects (MATTOS, 2011).
No labirinto da gestão: notas sobre moradores de rua e trabalhadores da assistência social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Pereira, Luiz Fernando de Paula
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Rizek, Cibele Saliba
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1903375661827033
Cette thèse porte sur la gestion des sans domicile fixe en dehors des contextes métropolitains ou des grands centres urbains. Elle vise l‟analyse des mécanismes qui affectent à la fois les sans domicilie fixe assistés, que les professionnels qui travaillent dans les institutions, en interrogeant l‟action de l‟État. L'enquête a été menée dans deux institutions d‟accueil des sans domicile fixe à São Carlos/SP-Brésil: un Centre de Référence Spécialisé dans la Protection Sociale: accueil de la population des sans domile fixe (CREAS -POP) et SOS Auberge de Nuit Santa Isabel. L‟analyse mobilise notamment l‟approche de Michel Foucault, en particulier les catégories des dispositifs, des rapports de pouvoir et de la population. D‟après notre hypothèse générale, le processus de transformation des sans domicile fixe en usagers des services de l'aide sociale a des effets non prévus par l‟institution. Dans ce sens, il y a une diversité de pratiques qui peuvent être interprétées en termes de rapports de pouvoir, y compris des formes de résistance des usagers comme des professionnels qui composent, transforment et remodèlent le dispositif d'assistance sociale . Cependant, l‟analyse porte aux processus qui impliquent les professionnels et les gestionnaires des services aussi. L‟objectif de la recherche est d‟analyser un certain nombre de situations qui permettent de saisir des gestes, croyances, conduites, ressentiments, prescriptions qui correspondent à des perspectives spécifiques en interaction, pour en saisir les tensions sous-jacentes. La proposition est de traiter des questions qui ne sont pas faciles à comprendre et qui ont peu de recherches.
Estudo do desempenho de eletrodos de dióxido de chumbo depositados sobre diferentes substratos para o tratamento eletroquímico de soluções contendo corantes têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Irikura, Kallyni
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Bocchi, Nerilso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0942777236443310
PbO2 films were grown galvanostatically on different substrates (titanium Ti, platinized titanium Ti- Pt and carbon fiber CF) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and linear potential sweep in H2SO4. SEM micrographs revealed the growth of PbO2 films well distributed, uniform and compact. The diffractograms presented the formation of PbO2 films of a single phase (β -PbO2). From the potential sweep (30 mV s 1), the overpotential values for the OER of Ti/β- PbO2, Ti-Pt/β -PbO2 and CF/β-PbO2 electrodes were obtained, respectively: 2.15 V; 2.20 V and 2.33 V vs. SCE. The electrochemical performance of these electrodes was investigated in electrooxidations of solutions containing the dyes acid green 28 (AG 28) and yellow direct 12 (YD 12), employing a reactor filter-press type and the experimental design methodology by varying the following experimental parameters: pH, current density (j), temperature (Θ) and NaCl concentration ([NaCl]). For AG 28 dye, the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes presented the lowest values of charge for color removal (Q90 ~0.5 A h L 1) and the highest values of % COD removal (87 99 %) in the following experimental conditions: pH = 5, j = 50 mA cm-2, Θ= 25 ºC and [NaCl] = 1.5 g L 1, while the CF/β-PbO2 electrode presented the lowest Q90 value (0.20 A h L 1) and the highest % COD value (86%) in the following experimental conditions: pH = 9, j = 30 mA cm-2, Θ= 45 ºC and [NaCl] = 1.5 g L 1. The β-PbO2 films grown on Ti and Ti-Pt exhibited chemical stability ([Pb2+] < 0.5 mg L 1) in solutions of pH > 3, while those grown on FC showed chemical stability only at pH 9. For the YD 12, the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes presented the lowest Q90 values (0.57 0.68 A h L 1) and the highest % COD values (96 100 %) in the following experimental conditions: pH = 5, j = 30 mA cm 2, Θ= 45 ºC and [NaCl] = 1.5 g L 1. Comparing the performance of Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes with that of commercial ones of Nb/BDD and DSA, the first presented, for the AG 28 dye, better performance than the DSA and comparable to the Nb/BDD. In the case of the AD 12 dye, the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes showed performance comparable to the DSA and lower than the Nb/BDD.
A implementação das linhas de cuidado na saúde pública brasileira: o caso da Unidade de Saúde Escola da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Carrijo, Elisângela Rodrigues
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8960614266596628
Accordingly to the preamble of World Health Organition (WHO), whose constitution focuses on the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health [which] is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition , and since health has got intersectoral dimensions that are required for healthcare, we ve gathered on this paper the main challenges related to the adoption of a public health policy. From the complexity of intersectoral models to the broadening of goals, this paper rescues the building-up of the concept of health s integrality in our country. To begin with, in order to develop the survey, we will be based on Brazil s constitution of 1988; on the conception of SUS, which stands for our health services system and, at last, on the affirmation of our health system accordingly to WHO proposals. It will be also necessary to go through the social-sanitary speech in seek of the broadening of the meaning of integrality and also of multidisciplinary organicity, the latter being of recent origin. Both concepts were born in mind at the time SUS qualifying project was being made, in 2007, accordingly to Main Line Health foundations. Since the establishment of Main Line Health aims to fulfil the requirements of integrality, we attempt to identify how our public health services system has updated its concept. So as to study the implementation Main Line Health at USE-UFSCar, we have chosen to use a qualitative method because it makes easier to understand the foundations of Main Line Health implementation. Afterwards, the method applied will also help us discuss, based on different theories concerning to public policies and on recent conclusions about the same situation in Québec, Canada. To sum up, this survey focuses on the parallelism between both multidisciplinary dynamics and also on the evaluation of Brazilian health services users and québècoise efforts for public health so as to check in which ways principle of integrality has been updated since the time the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was published, in 1986, and Brazilian Constitution was ratified, in 1988, up to more recent days for instance, when Main Line Health was adopted by SUS, in 2007.
Desenvolvimento de uma base de dados nacional para um instrumento automatizado de medidas do campo visual in vivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Carvalho, Valéria Mellaci de
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082901989245538
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly throughout the world. One of the most important diagnoses that is made in order to detect this pathology is a visual field perimetry, which measures the sensitivity of different portions of the retina to different light intensities. However, the available instruments in Brazil with quality considered within the "Gold Standard" are all imported and therefore the basis of all computational data, information essential to obtain a reliable report is also based on populations with ethnic and demographic characteristics distinct from the Brazilian population. In this project, the goal was to develop a database with emphasis on the Brazilian population for a computerized instrument that performs measurements of the visual field of the human eye. Practical results of this new database are presented and also a discussion of why it is more appropriate for the Brazilian population when compared to imported databases.
Da "chuva atípica" à "falta de todo mundo": a luta pela classificação de um desastre no município de Teresópolis / RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Vargas, Maria Auxiliadora Ramos
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5606114843685980
Disaster is a current and complex subject. The most common way in which this subject has been interpreted and widely advertised presents it with underlying objective and unique aspects in the social imaginary. This approach is supported primarily on discursive strategies and practices produced by a specific rationality than can be found in some institutions (and their representatives) who has the power to present a definition and promote intervention in the phenomenon that is disaster authorities . However there are evidences pointing out that disaster is not consolidated into a single representation. Instead it represents a force field made by multiple agents and interpretations, developed through different positions and rationalities, expressing tensions, disputes and classification struggle. Identify and discuss this particular field through sociological analysis noticing those institutionally situated actors and those who compose social groups that are directly affected is the main purpose of this work a qualitative research with the following methodological procedures: a literature review in Sociology and related areas, documentary collection and analysis, in-depth interviews. This thesis highlights the disaster in the city of Teresópolis/RJ as an important example of classification struggle and gets us close to vulnerability and abandonment processes concerning some specific social groups. It reveals power relations where there is an attempt at imposing monophonically scientific and technical knowledge to the detriment of popular culture which comes from life courses, in place experiences and past relation with threatening factors in an effort to attest diversity failure. However, multiple expressions of resilience among people affected by disaster are evidence of both the attempt to prevent them from speaking and the acknowledgement of a struggle in order to make their voices heard so that they become real participants in this political game and guarantee their condition as subjects of rights.
Análise de modelagem de previsão acústica e mapeamento sonoro para a cidade de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Giunta, Mariene Benutti
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Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0357280499297029
Noise pollution in urban environment is a constant in several Brazilian cities and it is pointed out by the World Health Organization as one of the most common environmental problems in cities, influencing the quality of life and degrading the environment. Nowadays, ways of mitigating the acoustical environment of houses, buildings, industries and other constructions are studied to insulate them from the external surroundings, but the costs of this insulation is still very high. As a consequence, the external environment is usually neglected and the sound is intensified, being too difficult to control and directly affecting the internal environments. In this context, aiming the prevention of sound impacts and the diagnosis of noise conflict areas to adopt corrective actions, a noise mapping is an important tool to help urban planning. The noise mapping by data collection in locus or by mathematical models are though time consuming. An alternative to this are the computational programs, which simulate the urban acoustical environment based on calculation models. Many countries adopt their own model and, in the European case, the Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and Council recommend the application of the French model NMPB Routes-2008. Verifying the applicability of this model in the Brazilian case, this research aims to validate the behavior of the French model (NMPB Routes- 2008). In order to do so, the computational program Cadna-A was applied, and the following methodological process was adopted: data collection, application of the calculation model, comparison between collected data and modeling data; model validation and calibration; and, development of a noise mapping to a preliminary area of the studied city. The final results indicate that among the simulations developed, the one presenting the most precise outputs corresponded to the one for which the equivalent sound pressure level was applied as the input of sound source.
Modelo de mistura paramétrico com fragilidade na presença de covariáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-23)
Taconeli, João Paulo
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
Some studies involving survival data are characterized by showing a significant proportion of censored data, that is, individuals who will never experience the event of interest, even if accompanied by a long period of time. For the analysis of long-term data, we presented the standard mixture model by Berkson & Gage (1952), where we assume the Weibull distribution for the lifetime of individuals at risk and covariate. The cure rate models implicitly assume that those individuals experiencing the event of interest possess homogeneous risk. Alternatively, we consider the standard mixture model with a frailty term in order to quantify the unobservable heterogeneity among individuals. This model is characterized by the inclusion of a unobservable random variable, which represents information that can not or have not been observed. We assume frailty with a gamma distribution, obtaining theWeibull stardanrd mixture model with frailty and covariates from a point of view parametric. We realized simulation studies with the purpose of analyzing the frequentists properties of estimation procedures. Applications to real data set showed the applicability of the proposed models in which parameter estimates were determined using the maximum likelihood and bayesian approaches.
Nanopartículas de Pt-TiO2 com propriedades catalíticas e fotocatalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-23)
Rabelo, Adriano Cesar
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2798126563880292
In the first part of this work, a binary system composed of TiO2 and Pt particles was used as photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange under different lighting conditions: simulated sunlight and ultraviolet. In these experiments, the photodegradation over the composite Pt-TiO2 did not show an increase in their activities compared to pure TiO2. Moreover, during the experiments, a rapid loss of color was observed when Pt-TiO2 was employed before the reaction to be illuminated. The analysis of UV-Vis spectrum showed that one band at 304 nm increased and then remained constant. This caught our attention and was the object of study and the second part of the work. In the second part, catalysis experiments for methyl orange reaction were performed using Pt-TiO2 and pure Pt in the absence of light. The reaction was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. The reaction products were identified as their kinetics of formation. Analyzing the data, we conclude that the same reaction is occurring when pure Pt or the composite was employed. The main difference in the reaction rates is that to composite it was 266 times greater. The rate constant was standardized in different ways to exclude effects of the platinum amount and surface area. The smaller of mass and area normalized value was 12 times higher for the composite. The quantity of Pt used was varied in the composite and maximum reaction rate occurs when the Pt molar percentage was 20%. The presence of a peak at catalytic activity when the Pt mass is altered demonstrates the involvement of both materials in the process.
Desenvolvimento do aço inoxidável supermartensítico resistente ao desgaste por conformação por spray para aplicação em "risers"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Zepon, Guilherme
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
The oil exploitation and production in the pre-salt layers in safe, efficient and economically viable way depend on the development of materials that bear the severe conditions found in their applications during their whole life cycle. The pipes used in the oil exploitation and production such as drilling risers are subjected to severe work conditions. The stainless steel grades, such as the supermartensitic, duplex and superduplex, present the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties suit to the application in pipes used the oil exploitation, however, these materials present low wear resistance. Recent studies performed in the Materials Engineering Department at the Federal University of São Carlos (DEMa-UFSCar) have shown that the boron addition in stainless steel grades composition promotes borides formation, which increases the wear resistance of these materials. In this context, this protect aims the study of the wear resistance of spray-formed supermartensitic stainless steel with small additions of boron in its composition. This process allows the attainment of deposits with refined and homogeneous microstructure and with uniformly distributed precipitates directly from the liquid metal. The materials produced were characterized trough the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical microanalysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The materials wear resistance was evaluated trough the dry sand against rubber wheel test (ASTM G65-04) and trough a developed test that simulate one of the wear conditions that can occur in oil drilling risers. The results showed that the boron addition in supermartensitic stainless and the boride formation act differently in the materials wear resistance depending on the type of wear mechanism observed.
O efeito de dois tipos de treinamento físico em ratas idosas tratadas ou não com estrógeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Severi, Maria Theresa Munhoz
;
Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9353268792816885
The literature presents many alternatives of physical training and frequently reiterates the use of animal models for studies on the effect of training, as the results in animals are similar to those in humans. There is also the possibility of evaluating variables such as volume and intensity. In addition, many studies have reported beneficial effects of estrogen as an important resource to minimize the deleterious effects of aging. As a means of understanding estrogen action and its influence on aerobic and anaerobic exercise, four experiments were carried out in this context. The first study was called The behavior of glycogen reserves in female rats denervated muscle, with different doses of estrogen and aimed at evaluating the estrogen action on the glycogenic profiles of denervated skeletal muscle.Methods: The animals were divided in 6 experimental groups (n=6): control (C), denervated for 15 days (D), denervated and treated with estrogen 20mg/weight/day (E20), denervated and treated with estrogen 40mg/weight/day (E40), denervated and treated with estrogen 80mg/weight/day (E80) and denervated and treated with estrogen 160mg/weight/day (E160). The treatment was realized by 15 days and the choice substance was estradiol cipionate. The following analyses were carried out: glycogen reserves in soleus (S), white (WG) and red gastrocnemius (RG), body and soleus weights. The statistical analysis included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The denervation induced a reduction in glycogen content in the S, WG and RG muscles. The groups treated with estrogen we observed a progressive elevation in glycogen reserves concomitant with the elevation of dose and reinstate the glycogen reserves, but the dose that shows a better action is 160mg/weight/day were we observed the greatest quimiometabolic responses. Conclusions: These results suggest that estrogen may be an effective resource to minimize the metabolic compromising that follows the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by denervation. Subsequently, we conducted a study called Estrogen modulation of insulin secretion in isolated rat pancreatic islets , whose goal was to evaluate the sensitivity to glucose in pancreatic islets isolated from female rats treated with estradiol cypionate (160 mg/body weight/ 15 days) as well as its effect on concentration of protein kinase C and protein kinase A in isolated islets. For this purpose, islets were isolated from rats by the collagenase method to evaluate the secretory process in the presence of different concentrations of glucose. On the other hand, the concentration of the enzymes PKC and PKA was also performed by Western blotting. Statistical analysis was applied to normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) followed by Tukey test, p <0.05. The results showed that the group treated with estradiol cypionate had greater insulin secretion against the same concentration of glucose, and increase of concentration of PKA and PKC enzymes, compared to control. The results show insulinotropic properties of estrogen in synergy with glucose, which is the main insulin secretagogue, since the hormone did not alter the secretion at concentrations normoglycaemia. Possibly the focus of the secretagogue action of estrogen involves the activation of cytosolic enzyme pathways that determine the exudation of insulin. From these observations, we conducted the third study entitled "Electrocardiographic profile of aged rats trained and treated with estrogen , whose goal was to assess the eletrocardiographic profile of rats treated with the association of estrogen and physical activity. We used Wistar rats at 1 year of age, which were submitted to two programs of aerobic exercise (swimming 3 sessions weekly / 8 weeks) and anaerobic (climbing stairs of 80 cm, 3 sessions weekly / 8 weeks). We evaluated blood pressure and ECG intervals considering the QRS, QTc and PR. Data were compared by Student's t test followed by Tukey test, p <0.05. The findings of this study showed that the group treated with estrogen values were 21% lower compared to the control group. With respect to training, we observed that aerobic training promoted 25% reduction in FC, which reached 37.2% reduction in the presence of estrogen. In anaerobic training, we observed 28% reduction, which was accentuated to 40% when estrogen was present. Thus we conclude that treatment with estrogen alone or associated with physical activity was effective in maintaining and improving conditions in the metabolic and functional heart in the cardiac changes that accompany the aging process. Subsequently, we held the fourth paper entitled "Metabolic actions of estrogen in rats subjected to two types of physical training . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether rats supplemented with estrogen show better responses to the aerobic and anaerobic physical activity. We used aged Wistar rats (13 months), placed under ideal conditions of bioterism and divided into experimental groups called Control and Treated with estrogen (E, 160μg/100g), Aerobically and Anaerobically trained, and Treated with estrogen or not. Blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation and samples of different muscles of the anterior and posterior were collected for glycogen content assessment by the phenol sulfuric method. The outcomes show that both estrogen and the different workout programs promoted increase in muscle glycogen reserves. Besides, the association of hormone with exercise promoted an additional effect with further enhances in energy conditions. Additionally, we found lower plasma free fatty acids and abdominal fat, and there was also an increase in total protein concentration indicating adjustments in metabolic homeostasis, an important condition to be preserved in the aging process.
Estudo de Schinus terebinthifolius, Anacardium humile e Macairea urundeuva no controle das formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Nebo, Liliane
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6724147949765463
Leaf-cutting ants are known by their strong power of to pulling down several vegetable crops and to cause economic lost to the agriculture. Several methods have been used for their control such as the use of halogenated, sulfurous and phosphorus compounds. However, the continued use of these compounds leads to problems such as environmental contamination and then raising the needed of new strategies to control of leaf-cutting ants. In this context, this work presents a phytochemical study of the species Schinus terebinthifolius, Anacardium humile e Macairea urundeuva and the insecticide and fungicide potential of the crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds against the leaf-cutting ants, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, and its symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. The study of these species allowed the isolation and/or identification of several secondary metabolites including triterpens, steroids, flavonoids, biflavonoids, glycosylated flavonoids and phenolic compounds. For both species A. humile and M. urundeuva this is the first report of their chemical composition. From the biological assays with leaf-cutting ants, it was found that several extracts showed insecticidal activity as a result of the synergistic effect of their chemical composition. The elagic acid isolated from M. urundeuva showed activity against the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants. The metal complexes of flavonoid quercetin didn`t present good results on biological assays against the workers of leaf-cutting ants and its symbiotic fungus. Besides these results, this study contributed to a project that has been developed by the Natural Product Laboratory at UFSCar, which aims to evaluated the biological activity of several metal complexes with different metals and flavonoids to the control of several agriculture pests.
Poder e conflito na estrutura organizacional do Partido Liberación Nacional da Costa Rica : 1990 a 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Chaverri, Iván Anselmo Acuña
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5078394191501733
The project aims to investigate the distribution of power, their reproduction and their implications in the organization of the National Liberation Party (PLN) in Costa Rica, during the period 1990-2010. In a context characterized by changes in the party system and the electoral system in Costa Rica, the PLN was affected by deep divisions, motivated by personal and ideological interests. The intraparty struggle for control of the lines of authority meant a challenge to the power structure and the party's electoral aspirations. In front of the crisis, the dominant coalition that takes control of the party manages to reverse the situation, making to adapt the party to environmental conditions by controlling areas of uncertainty, and co-opting groups that confronted the intraparty fight. Strengthening the party organization, the dominant coalition succeeded to secure their survival and organizational stability.