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Estimadores não paramétricos para dados com censura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Simioni, Paulo Ricardo
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6532783408466109
In this paper we study the reliability of systems with connected components in series and parallel. For systems in series, the device fails when the first component fails. Although in the parallel systems this happens when the last component fails. We define the distribution functions, sub-distribution functions and their respective properties. Here we present the Bayesian nonparametric estimator for the components of both systems, illustrating by examples. For both cases we performed a comparative study between the Bayesian nonparametric estimator and the Kaplan-Meier method.
Zirconato de cálcio: um estudo para aplicação como sensor de umidade relativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Andre, Rafaela da Silveira
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4843978824084924
In this work, it was used the Polymeric Precursors method (PPM). It started from a previous solution of metal cations in different concentrations, using citric acid as chelating agent and ethylene glycol as esterifying and polymerizing agent resulting in a dense resin. This resin was subjected to heat treatment at 300 ° C for a period of 4 hours for the pyrolysis of the obtained polyester resulting in amorphous compound. To obtain the crystalline powder, the amorphous compound was treated at different temperatures. The evolution of the crystallization process of CaZrO 3 and samples composition were accompanied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The X-ray patterns obtained were refined with the Rietveld method. To identify the presence of defects and the morphology of the samples, it was used the UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. To evaluate the sensor response, electrical measurements were performed showing that all samples showed CZO variation of electrical resistance against change in relative humidity. The methods of characterization showed structural differences in the samples as a function of composition variation of the system. The results indicate a transition from deep defects to light defects, due to the appearance of secondary phases in the system. Thus, according to the obtained results, the variation in composition may be used as a device to obtain materials with controlled optical properties and a more effective sensing and catalytic properties.
Crenças sobre a língua espanhola para estudantes brasileiros do ensino fundamental: características e uma proposta de encaminhamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Raizer, Paula Barros
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Yokota, Rosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7157709550260372
Taking into account the classroom context, it is necessary to know and to comprehend the previous knowledge brought by students. The beliefs concept (BARCELOS, 1995) is recurring to try to understand this context and to help teachers to deal with the diversity they can find in the classroom and, according to Almeida Filho (1993), beliefs are fundamental parts in the process of learning a language, named by him as “Operação Global de Ensino de Línguas”. Considering the Spanish Language implantation at public schools, according to the law 11.161/05, it is necessary the study about the beliefs which future learners have about Spanish language. Likewise, this study has as a first goal to identify the beliefs about Spanish language learning and teaching in a group of people who participate in a Spanish language course at a public school. This course was offered by the Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID)/ Capes at a school in the interior of São Paulo state. Also as a goal, it is intended to verify whether beliefs changes happened during the course as well as whether the courses influenced on it. Taking into account the contextual approach of beliefs, at the beginning of the course it was applied a questionnaire in “Likert Scale” (HORWITZ, 1988). During the course, it was asked for them to write diaries and, in the end, they wrote a text, in such a way that beliefs could be mapped, as well as possible changes. The results obtained reveal beliefs that Spanish was a difficult language to be studied and it changed at the moment students got in touch with the language, what also elucidates the pronunciation appreciation to the detriment of writing and the interest of students in having Spanish as an obligatory subject. In the end, it was propounded the critical literacy view as a way of dealing with beliefs in the classroom, since critical literacy is one educational practice which focuses on the relation between language and worldview, social practices, power, identity, citizenship, intercultural relations and globalization/location aspects (MATTOS, 2011).
No labirinto da gestão: notas sobre moradores de rua e trabalhadores da assistência social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Pereira, Luiz Fernando de Paula
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Rizek, Cibele Saliba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1903375661827033
Cette thèse porte sur la gestion des sans domicile fixe en dehors des contextes métropolitains ou des grands centres urbains. Elle vise l‟analyse des mécanismes qui affectent à la fois les sans domicilie fixe assistés, que les professionnels qui travaillent dans les institutions, en interrogeant l‟action de l‟État. L'enquête a été menée dans deux institutions d‟accueil des sans domicile fixe à São Carlos/SP-Brésil: un Centre de Référence Spécialisé dans la Protection Sociale: accueil de la population des sans domile fixe (CREAS -POP) et SOS Auberge de Nuit Santa Isabel. L‟analyse mobilise notamment l‟approche de Michel Foucault, en particulier les catégories des dispositifs, des rapports de pouvoir et de la population. D‟après notre hypothèse générale, le processus de transformation des sans domicile fixe en usagers des services de l'aide sociale a des effets non prévus par l‟institution. Dans ce sens, il y a une diversité de pratiques qui peuvent être interprétées en termes de rapports de pouvoir, y compris des formes de résistance des usagers comme des professionnels qui composent, transforment et remodèlent le dispositif d'assistance sociale . Cependant, l‟analyse porte aux processus qui impliquent les professionnels et les gestionnaires des services aussi. L‟objectif de la recherche est d‟analyser un certain nombre de situations qui permettent de saisir des gestes, croyances, conduites, ressentiments, prescriptions qui correspondent à des perspectives spécifiques en interaction, pour en saisir les tensions sous-jacentes. La proposition est de traiter des questions qui ne sont pas faciles à comprendre et qui ont peu de recherches.
Estudo do desempenho de eletrodos de dióxido de chumbo depositados sobre diferentes substratos para o tratamento eletroquímico de soluções contendo corantes têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-19)
Irikura, Kallyni
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Bocchi, Nerilso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0942777236443310
PbO2 films were grown galvanostatically on different substrates (titanium Ti, platinized titanium Ti- Pt and carbon fiber CF) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and linear potential sweep in H2SO4. SEM micrographs revealed the growth of PbO2 films well distributed, uniform and compact. The diffractograms presented the formation of PbO2 films of a single phase (β -PbO2). From the potential sweep (30 mV s 1), the overpotential values for the OER of Ti/β- PbO2, Ti-Pt/β -PbO2 and CF/β-PbO2 electrodes were obtained, respectively: 2.15 V; 2.20 V and 2.33 V vs. SCE. The electrochemical performance of these electrodes was investigated in electrooxidations of solutions containing the dyes acid green 28 (AG 28) and yellow direct 12 (YD 12), employing a reactor filter-press type and the experimental design methodology by varying the following experimental parameters: pH, current density (j), temperature (Θ) and NaCl concentration ([NaCl]). For AG 28 dye, the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes presented the lowest values of charge for color removal (Q90 ~0.5 A h L 1) and the highest values of % COD removal (87 99 %) in the following experimental conditions: pH = 5, j = 50 mA cm-2, Θ= 25 ºC and [NaCl] = 1.5 g L 1, while the CF/β-PbO2 electrode presented the lowest Q90 value (0.20 A h L 1) and the highest % COD value (86%) in the following experimental conditions: pH = 9, j = 30 mA cm-2, Θ= 45 ºC and [NaCl] = 1.5 g L 1. The β-PbO2 films grown on Ti and Ti-Pt exhibited chemical stability ([Pb2+] < 0.5 mg L 1) in solutions of pH > 3, while those grown on FC showed chemical stability only at pH 9. For the YD 12, the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes presented the lowest Q90 values (0.57 0.68 A h L 1) and the highest % COD values (96 100 %) in the following experimental conditions: pH = 5, j = 30 mA cm 2, Θ= 45 ºC and [NaCl] = 1.5 g L 1. Comparing the performance of Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes with that of commercial ones of Nb/BDD and DSA, the first presented, for the AG 28 dye, better performance than the DSA and comparable to the Nb/BDD. In the case of the AD 12 dye, the Ti-Pt/β-PbO2 and Ti/β-PbO2 electrodes showed performance comparable to the DSA and lower than the Nb/BDD.
A implementação das linhas de cuidado na saúde pública brasileira: o caso da Unidade de Saúde Escola da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Carrijo, Elisângela Rodrigues
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8960614266596628
Accordingly to the preamble of World Health Organition (WHO), whose constitution focuses on the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health [which] is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition , and since health has got intersectoral dimensions that are required for healthcare, we ve gathered on this paper the main challenges related to the adoption of a public health policy. From the complexity of intersectoral models to the broadening of goals, this paper rescues the building-up of the concept of health s integrality in our country. To begin with, in order to develop the survey, we will be based on Brazil s constitution of 1988; on the conception of SUS, which stands for our health services system and, at last, on the affirmation of our health system accordingly to WHO proposals. It will be also necessary to go through the social-sanitary speech in seek of the broadening of the meaning of integrality and also of multidisciplinary organicity, the latter being of recent origin. Both concepts were born in mind at the time SUS qualifying project was being made, in 2007, accordingly to Main Line Health foundations. Since the establishment of Main Line Health aims to fulfil the requirements of integrality, we attempt to identify how our public health services system has updated its concept. So as to study the implementation Main Line Health at USE-UFSCar, we have chosen to use a qualitative method because it makes easier to understand the foundations of Main Line Health implementation. Afterwards, the method applied will also help us discuss, based on different theories concerning to public policies and on recent conclusions about the same situation in Québec, Canada. To sum up, this survey focuses on the parallelism between both multidisciplinary dynamics and also on the evaluation of Brazilian health services users and québècoise efforts for public health so as to check in which ways principle of integrality has been updated since the time the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was published, in 1986, and Brazilian Constitution was ratified, in 1988, up to more recent days for instance, when Main Line Health was adopted by SUS, in 2007.
Desenvolvimento de uma base de dados nacional para um instrumento automatizado de medidas do campo visual in vivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Carvalho, Valéria Mellaci de
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082901989245538
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly throughout the world. One of the most important diagnoses that is made in order to detect this pathology is a visual field perimetry, which measures the sensitivity of different portions of the retina to different light intensities. However, the available instruments in Brazil with quality considered within the "Gold Standard" are all imported and therefore the basis of all computational data, information essential to obtain a reliable report is also based on populations with ethnic and demographic characteristics distinct from the Brazilian population. In this project, the goal was to develop a database with emphasis on the Brazilian population for a computerized instrument that performs measurements of the visual field of the human eye. Practical results of this new database are presented and also a discussion of why it is more appropriate for the Brazilian population when compared to imported databases.
Da "chuva atípica" à "falta de todo mundo": a luta pela classificação de um desastre no município de Teresópolis / RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Vargas, Maria Auxiliadora Ramos
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5606114843685980
Disaster is a current and complex subject. The most common way in which this subject has been interpreted and widely advertised presents it with underlying objective and unique aspects in the social imaginary. This approach is supported primarily on discursive strategies and practices produced by a specific rationality than can be found in some institutions (and their representatives) who has the power to present a definition and promote intervention in the phenomenon that is disaster authorities . However there are evidences pointing out that disaster is not consolidated into a single representation. Instead it represents a force field made by multiple agents and interpretations, developed through different positions and rationalities, expressing tensions, disputes and classification struggle. Identify and discuss this particular field through sociological analysis noticing those institutionally situated actors and those who compose social groups that are directly affected is the main purpose of this work a qualitative research with the following methodological procedures: a literature review in Sociology and related areas, documentary collection and analysis, in-depth interviews. This thesis highlights the disaster in the city of Teresópolis/RJ as an important example of classification struggle and gets us close to vulnerability and abandonment processes concerning some specific social groups. It reveals power relations where there is an attempt at imposing monophonically scientific and technical knowledge to the detriment of popular culture which comes from life courses, in place experiences and past relation with threatening factors in an effort to attest diversity failure. However, multiple expressions of resilience among people affected by disaster are evidence of both the attempt to prevent them from speaking and the acknowledgement of a struggle in order to make their voices heard so that they become real participants in this political game and guarantee their condition as subjects of rights.
Análise de modelagem de previsão acústica e mapeamento sonoro para a cidade de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-22)
Giunta, Mariene Benutti
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Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0357280499297029
Noise pollution in urban environment is a constant in several Brazilian cities and it is pointed out by the World Health Organization as one of the most common environmental problems in cities, influencing the quality of life and degrading the environment. Nowadays, ways of mitigating the acoustical environment of houses, buildings, industries and other constructions are studied to insulate them from the external surroundings, but the costs of this insulation is still very high. As a consequence, the external environment is usually neglected and the sound is intensified, being too difficult to control and directly affecting the internal environments. In this context, aiming the prevention of sound impacts and the diagnosis of noise conflict areas to adopt corrective actions, a noise mapping is an important tool to help urban planning. The noise mapping by data collection in locus or by mathematical models are though time consuming. An alternative to this are the computational programs, which simulate the urban acoustical environment based on calculation models. Many countries adopt their own model and, in the European case, the Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and Council recommend the application of the French model NMPB Routes-2008. Verifying the applicability of this model in the Brazilian case, this research aims to validate the behavior of the French model (NMPB Routes- 2008). In order to do so, the computational program Cadna-A was applied, and the following methodological process was adopted: data collection, application of the calculation model, comparison between collected data and modeling data; model validation and calibration; and, development of a noise mapping to a preliminary area of the studied city. The final results indicate that among the simulations developed, the one presenting the most precise outputs corresponded to the one for which the equivalent sound pressure level was applied as the input of sound source.
Modelo de mistura paramétrico com fragilidade na presença de covariáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-23)
Taconeli, João Paulo
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
Some studies involving survival data are characterized by showing a significant proportion of censored data, that is, individuals who will never experience the event of interest, even if accompanied by a long period of time. For the analysis of long-term data, we presented the standard mixture model by Berkson & Gage (1952), where we assume the Weibull distribution for the lifetime of individuals at risk and covariate. The cure rate models implicitly assume that those individuals experiencing the event of interest possess homogeneous risk. Alternatively, we consider the standard mixture model with a frailty term in order to quantify the unobservable heterogeneity among individuals. This model is characterized by the inclusion of a unobservable random variable, which represents information that can not or have not been observed. We assume frailty with a gamma distribution, obtaining theWeibull stardanrd mixture model with frailty and covariates from a point of view parametric. We realized simulation studies with the purpose of analyzing the frequentists properties of estimation procedures. Applications to real data set showed the applicability of the proposed models in which parameter estimates were determined using the maximum likelihood and bayesian approaches.
Nanopartículas de Pt-TiO2 com propriedades catalíticas e fotocatalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-23)
Rabelo, Adriano Cesar
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2798126563880292
In the first part of this work, a binary system composed of TiO2 and Pt particles was used as photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange under different lighting conditions: simulated sunlight and ultraviolet. In these experiments, the photodegradation over the composite Pt-TiO2 did not show an increase in their activities compared to pure TiO2. Moreover, during the experiments, a rapid loss of color was observed when Pt-TiO2 was employed before the reaction to be illuminated. The analysis of UV-Vis spectrum showed that one band at 304 nm increased and then remained constant. This caught our attention and was the object of study and the second part of the work. In the second part, catalysis experiments for methyl orange reaction were performed using Pt-TiO2 and pure Pt in the absence of light. The reaction was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer. The reaction products were identified as their kinetics of formation. Analyzing the data, we conclude that the same reaction is occurring when pure Pt or the composite was employed. The main difference in the reaction rates is that to composite it was 266 times greater. The rate constant was standardized in different ways to exclude effects of the platinum amount and surface area. The smaller of mass and area normalized value was 12 times higher for the composite. The quantity of Pt used was varied in the composite and maximum reaction rate occurs when the Pt molar percentage was 20%. The presence of a peak at catalytic activity when the Pt mass is altered demonstrates the involvement of both materials in the process.
Desenvolvimento do aço inoxidável supermartensítico resistente ao desgaste por conformação por spray para aplicação em "risers"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Zepon, Guilherme
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
The oil exploitation and production in the pre-salt layers in safe, efficient and economically viable way depend on the development of materials that bear the severe conditions found in their applications during their whole life cycle. The pipes used in the oil exploitation and production such as drilling risers are subjected to severe work conditions. The stainless steel grades, such as the supermartensitic, duplex and superduplex, present the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties suit to the application in pipes used the oil exploitation, however, these materials present low wear resistance. Recent studies performed in the Materials Engineering Department at the Federal University of São Carlos (DEMa-UFSCar) have shown that the boron addition in stainless steel grades composition promotes borides formation, which increases the wear resistance of these materials. In this context, this protect aims the study of the wear resistance of spray-formed supermartensitic stainless steel with small additions of boron in its composition. This process allows the attainment of deposits with refined and homogeneous microstructure and with uniformly distributed precipitates directly from the liquid metal. The materials produced were characterized trough the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical microanalysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The materials wear resistance was evaluated trough the dry sand against rubber wheel test (ASTM G65-04) and trough a developed test that simulate one of the wear conditions that can occur in oil drilling risers. The results showed that the boron addition in supermartensitic stainless and the boride formation act differently in the materials wear resistance depending on the type of wear mechanism observed.
O efeito de dois tipos de treinamento físico em ratas idosas tratadas ou não com estrógeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Severi, Maria Theresa Munhoz
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9353268792816885
The literature presents many alternatives of physical training and frequently reiterates the use of animal models for studies on the effect of training, as the results in animals are similar to those in humans. There is also the possibility of evaluating variables such as volume and intensity. In addition, many studies have reported beneficial effects of estrogen as an important resource to minimize the deleterious effects of aging. As a means of understanding estrogen action and its influence on aerobic and anaerobic exercise, four experiments were carried out in this context. The first study was called The behavior of glycogen reserves in female rats denervated muscle, with different doses of estrogen and aimed at evaluating the estrogen action on the glycogenic profiles of denervated skeletal muscle.Methods: The animals were divided in 6 experimental groups (n=6): control (C), denervated for 15 days (D), denervated and treated with estrogen 20mg/weight/day (E20), denervated and treated with estrogen 40mg/weight/day (E40), denervated and treated with estrogen 80mg/weight/day (E80) and denervated and treated with estrogen 160mg/weight/day (E160). The treatment was realized by 15 days and the choice substance was estradiol cipionate. The following analyses were carried out: glycogen reserves in soleus (S), white (WG) and red gastrocnemius (RG), body and soleus weights. The statistical analysis included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The denervation induced a reduction in glycogen content in the S, WG and RG muscles. The groups treated with estrogen we observed a progressive elevation in glycogen reserves concomitant with the elevation of dose and reinstate the glycogen reserves, but the dose that shows a better action is 160mg/weight/day were we observed the greatest quimiometabolic responses. Conclusions: These results suggest that estrogen may be an effective resource to minimize the metabolic compromising that follows the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by denervation. Subsequently, we conducted a study called Estrogen modulation of insulin secretion in isolated rat pancreatic islets , whose goal was to evaluate the sensitivity to glucose in pancreatic islets isolated from female rats treated with estradiol cypionate (160 mg/body weight/ 15 days) as well as its effect on concentration of protein kinase C and protein kinase A in isolated islets. For this purpose, islets were isolated from rats by the collagenase method to evaluate the secretory process in the presence of different concentrations of glucose. On the other hand, the concentration of the enzymes PKC and PKA was also performed by Western blotting. Statistical analysis was applied to normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) followed by Tukey test, p <0.05. The results showed that the group treated with estradiol cypionate had greater insulin secretion against the same concentration of glucose, and increase of concentration of PKA and PKC enzymes, compared to control. The results show insulinotropic properties of estrogen in synergy with glucose, which is the main insulin secretagogue, since the hormone did not alter the secretion at concentrations normoglycaemia. Possibly the focus of the secretagogue action of estrogen involves the activation of cytosolic enzyme pathways that determine the exudation of insulin. From these observations, we conducted the third study entitled "Electrocardiographic profile of aged rats trained and treated with estrogen , whose goal was to assess the eletrocardiographic profile of rats treated with the association of estrogen and physical activity. We used Wistar rats at 1 year of age, which were submitted to two programs of aerobic exercise (swimming 3 sessions weekly / 8 weeks) and anaerobic (climbing stairs of 80 cm, 3 sessions weekly / 8 weeks). We evaluated blood pressure and ECG intervals considering the QRS, QTc and PR. Data were compared by Student's t test followed by Tukey test, p <0.05. The findings of this study showed that the group treated with estrogen values were 21% lower compared to the control group. With respect to training, we observed that aerobic training promoted 25% reduction in FC, which reached 37.2% reduction in the presence of estrogen. In anaerobic training, we observed 28% reduction, which was accentuated to 40% when estrogen was present. Thus we conclude that treatment with estrogen alone or associated with physical activity was effective in maintaining and improving conditions in the metabolic and functional heart in the cardiac changes that accompany the aging process. Subsequently, we held the fourth paper entitled "Metabolic actions of estrogen in rats subjected to two types of physical training . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether rats supplemented with estrogen show better responses to the aerobic and anaerobic physical activity. We used aged Wistar rats (13 months), placed under ideal conditions of bioterism and divided into experimental groups called Control and Treated with estrogen (E, 160μg/100g), Aerobically and Anaerobically trained, and Treated with estrogen or not. Blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation and samples of different muscles of the anterior and posterior were collected for glycogen content assessment by the phenol sulfuric method. The outcomes show that both estrogen and the different workout programs promoted increase in muscle glycogen reserves. Besides, the association of hormone with exercise promoted an additional effect with further enhances in energy conditions. Additionally, we found lower plasma free fatty acids and abdominal fat, and there was also an increase in total protein concentration indicating adjustments in metabolic homeostasis, an important condition to be preserved in the aging process.
Estudo de Schinus terebinthifolius, Anacardium humile e Macairea urundeuva no controle das formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Nebo, Liliane
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6724147949765463
Leaf-cutting ants are known by their strong power of to pulling down several vegetable crops and to cause economic lost to the agriculture. Several methods have been used for their control such as the use of halogenated, sulfurous and phosphorus compounds. However, the continued use of these compounds leads to problems such as environmental contamination and then raising the needed of new strategies to control of leaf-cutting ants. In this context, this work presents a phytochemical study of the species Schinus terebinthifolius, Anacardium humile e Macairea urundeuva and the insecticide and fungicide potential of the crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds against the leaf-cutting ants, Atta sexdens rubropilosa, and its symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. The study of these species allowed the isolation and/or identification of several secondary metabolites including triterpens, steroids, flavonoids, biflavonoids, glycosylated flavonoids and phenolic compounds. For both species A. humile and M. urundeuva this is the first report of their chemical composition. From the biological assays with leaf-cutting ants, it was found that several extracts showed insecticidal activity as a result of the synergistic effect of their chemical composition. The elagic acid isolated from M. urundeuva showed activity against the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants. The metal complexes of flavonoid quercetin didn`t present good results on biological assays against the workers of leaf-cutting ants and its symbiotic fungus. Besides these results, this study contributed to a project that has been developed by the Natural Product Laboratory at UFSCar, which aims to evaluated the biological activity of several metal complexes with different metals and flavonoids to the control of several agriculture pests.
Poder e conflito na estrutura organizacional do Partido Liberación Nacional da Costa Rica : 1990 a 2010
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-24)
Chaverri, Iván Anselmo Acuña
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5078394191501733
The project aims to investigate the distribution of power, their reproduction and their implications in the organization of the National Liberation Party (PLN) in Costa Rica, during the period 1990-2010. In a context characterized by changes in the party system and the electoral system in Costa Rica, the PLN was affected by deep divisions, motivated by personal and ideological interests. The intraparty struggle for control of the lines of authority meant a challenge to the power structure and the party's electoral aspirations. In front of the crisis, the dominant coalition that takes control of the party manages to reverse the situation, making to adapt the party to environmental conditions by controlling areas of uncertainty, and co-opting groups that confronted the intraparty fight. Strengthening the party organization, the dominant coalition succeeded to secure their survival and organizational stability.
Redução de NO com CO sobre catalisadores de CuO, Fe2O3 e CuO-Fe2O3 suportados em TiO2, ZrO2 e TiO2-ZrO2 - efeito do vapor de água na atividade e seletividade a N2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Nova Castelblanco, William
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7977413455765851
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The combustion of petroleum fuels produces large emissions of NOX, SOX and other strong atmospheric pollutants. The abatement of NOX can be achieved by the nonselective catalytic reduction of NO with CO, for that, supported noble metals have been the most commonly used, with high cost as disadvantage. Transition metal oxides show good activity for this reaction, however, they have poor performance in the presence of SO2, O2 and water steam. Thus, this study aimed to prepare, characterize and evaluate catalysts based on CuO, Fe2O3 and CuO-Fe2O3 supported on TiO2, ZrO2 and their mixtures, in the reduction of NO to N2 with CO in the presence or absence of water steam. XRD data, N2 adsorption and H2-TPR showed that mixed oxides and their catalysts, prepared by sol-gel in-situ, presented specific surface areas between 30 to 60 m2/g, with Cu or Fe species highly distributed, having the last greater interaction with titanium. Rietveld refinement showed preferential formation of zirconium titanate, then showing a close interaction of these species in the mixed supports. All catalysts were highly active in the reduction of NO to N2. At temperatures below 500 °C a CuO catalysts were more active and selective for the formation of N2 than Fe2O3, with the formation of N2O being favored with the increase of zirconium in the support. At 600 °C, the high conversion of NO to N2 on CuO was not influenced by the content of TiO2 in the support. Also at 600 °C, an increasing in the content of titanium in the Fe2O3 catalysts resulted in a significant drop in the conversion of NO to N2. The presence of water steam during the reduction of NO with CO at 600 °C caused a significant decrease in the conversion of NO to N2 and CO to CO2 on the CuO catalyst on the support with higher titanium content. The water steam completely eliminates the activity for the reduction of NO to N2 on Fe2O3 catalysts, but keeping a high conversion of CO to CO2. The CuO and CuO-Fe2O3 catalysts on zirconium-rich supports showed high potential for the abatement of NOX in the presence of water steam at temperatures above 500 ºC.
Determinantes da taxa básica de juros no Brasil: uma análise empírica no período de 2000 a 2011
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Schio, Thyago Américo
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Figueiredo, Adelson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5060523188247779
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela
The existence and maintenance for long years of high domestic interest rate is a phenomenon sweeping the Brazilian economic environment. Although in recent years the domestic interest rate derated, Brazil still is characterized as one of the countries with higher interest rate in the world. In order to contribute to the discussion and understanding of the factors that allows the existence and maintenance for long years of high domestic interest rate, it is investigated the hypothesis that even if the internal interest rate is influenced by the foreign interest rate, there are endogenous mechanisms to the Brazilian economy that allow the reduction of the internal interest rate. Aiming objective responses, it is used a Vector Error Correction (VEC) compounded of six endogenous variables and an exogenous variable. As results, it follows that although there is a relationship between domestic and foreign interest rates, there is space for the economic policy, enabling a continuous reduction in the domestic interest rate.
Avaliação de técnicas com plasma acoplado indutivamente para a determinação de constituintes inorgânicos no ciclo produtivo do frango de corte e iodo em sal de cozinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Dionísio, Amália Geíza Gama
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7413783656311087
The aim of this thesis was the development of procedures for the determination of total arsenic, selenium and chromium in chicken production-related samples and iodine in table salt using inductively coupled plasma methods. The chemical speciation of arsenic and chromium was also studied. In the first study, microwave-assisted digestion was performed using diluted nitric acid solution followed by determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a collision-reaction interface. In this procedure sample preparation was performed using microwave-assisted digestion with nitric acid for determinations of the elements. The second procedure was performed microwave-assisted digestion using reaction vessels pressurized with oxygen in order to regenerate nitric acid and increase the efficiency of digestion with the addition of an auxiliary reagent. Residual carbon contents determined in digests varied from 500 to 900 mg L-1. Afterwards, speciation analysis was applied for obtaining information about mobility, bioavailability and essentiality of arsenic and chromium. Thus, the speciation analysis of arsenic in chicken feed samples employing microwave-assisted extraction was investigated. The specie found was As(V) with concentration of 0.35 ± 0.06 mg kg-1. In another study, chromium speciation with sample preparation in alkaline medium was evaluated, since studies in literature showed that no interconversion occurs between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in alkaline medium. This procedure was performed using water-soluble tertiary amines solution (CFA-C 10% v v-1) for Cr(VI) determination. The concentration of Cr(VI) in the samples ranged from 8.09 to 10.56 mg kg-1. Finally, the improvement of the sensitivity in the determination of iodine by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) using the flow-blurring® multinebulizer was evaluated. The high ionization energy of iodine implies in a low ionization of this element in the argon plasma and the absorption of radiation in the VUV region by components of air, such as oxygen and water vapor, hamper this element determination by ICP OES. One alternative for improving the efficiency of nebulization and atomization of the analyte and hence the detection limits for the determination of iodine is the generation of volatile species (I2 or HI) employing oxidizing agents and reducing agents. This study was performed using sodium tetrahydroborate in alkaline medium (reducing agent) and hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing agent) in acid medium and flow-blurring® multinebulizer. The concentration of iodine in one salt sample was 131 mg kg-1.
Influência do haleto/pseudohaleto na catálise de hidrogenação por complexos do tipo cis- [Ru(A)2(dppb)(N-N)]
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Ribeiro, Murillo Cardoso
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768550929014572
THE INFLUENCE OF HALIDE/PSEUDOHALIDE IN HYDROGENATION CATALYSIS BY COMPLEX CIS-[RU(A)2(DPPB)(N-N)]. Ruthenium complexes, with general formula cis-[Ru(A)2(dppb)(N-N)], (A = pseudohalides CN-, N3 - e SCN-) were obtained from the respective precursors cis- [RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)] {N-N= 2,2’- bipiridine (bipy), 4,4’-dimetil-2,2’-bipiridine (Mebipy) and 4,4’-dimetoxi-2,2’-bipiridine (MeObipy)} and dppb = 1,4-bis(difenilfosfina) butane, and characterized. These new Ru(II) complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopical techniques, such as Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region (IV) and Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis), Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (RMN), Molar Conductivity, X-ray Diffraction, Elemental Analisys, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Catalytic studies were realized on cyclic hexene hidrogenation reaction using complexes with general formula cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)], for which the results have shown to be dependent of the utilized solvent in the process. In order to support data for a possible suggestion of and catalytic mechanism of the reaction involved in the process complexes containing pseudohalides were also studied in the same conditions. The fact that these complexes did not present catalytic activity is coherent with the inert properties of the pseudohalide complexes, with respect their dissociation from the Ru(II) center, considering their good π receptor properties, able to form strong bond with metallic centers, and also shown that during the catalytic cyclic the bidentate ligands (dppb and N-N) do not have their binding with the metal broken, which could allow the formation of a possible coordination center for the metal, able do bind the substrate, conducting to a catalytic process, which was not observed in these cases. The results obtained in the studies realized with the complexes cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)] allowed us to suggest that the substrat convertion follow two different pathways, depending of the used solvent in the process to be protonic and coordinating, but labile (alchools) or non coordinating (dichloromethane or acetone). Strong coordinating solvents, such as DMSO and CH3CN (S) did not present catalytic results, suggesting that the dissociation of the chloride from the complexes produce non catalytic species, such as cis-[RuCl(S)(dppb)(N-N)]Cl.
Narrativas de professores de inglês de escolas públicas e o seu caráter revelador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013-04-26)
Geraldo, Carla Cristiane
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Silva, Ademar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4571478922761841
The aim of this study was to analyze narratives of English language teachers from public schools in São Carlos and Araraquara from the 1950s to 2012, so as to understand the changes that have occurred in the teaching of that language in public schools that led to the crisis it faces nowadays. This crisis is related to school violence, to widespread disaffection, and to dissatisfaction and low self-esteem of students, teachers and school leaders. The methodology used for data collection was the oral history of the teachers career paths. The data was analyzed qualitatively, allowing a panoramic view of the changes that have occurred in the teaching of English over the last 60 years. The analysis of the narratives revealed that the crisis results from a long historical process of changes, where two huge forces have affected negatively the pedagogical and social/personal dimension of the English language classroom. In this conflict the largest unbalancing factor falls upon the institutional changes, and the smallest falls upon the unavoidable force of the social and family values.