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Síntese, caracterização e adesão celular de uma nova classe de hidrogéis injetáveis, termo sensíveis e biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10) Mistura, Daniel Vinícius; Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6449213726086556; Waldman, Walter Ruggeri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322; Malmonge, Sonia Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4212950768814450
Hydrogels have been widely studied, especially as injectable materials for applications as biomaterials. These hydrogels may possess thermosensitive features near body temperature (LCST Lower Critical Solution Temperature around 37ºC), rapid gelation, carry drugs, cells or cell growth factors. The current challenge is to make these materials biodegradables and mechanical properties optimized for their use in cardiac tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to synthesize hydrogels of poly(N-iropropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) from a new class of macromer consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacylate (HEMA), poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and trimethylene carbonate (PLDLA-co-TMC) in order to give the hydrogel biodegradation characteristics and mechanical properties suitable for future applications in cardiac tissue engineering. Hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization, the macromer having concentrations ranging from 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) to evaluate the influence in chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. Macroscopic evaluation showed that the hydrogels exhibit characteristics of injectable and thermosensibility. Swelling tests showed swelling hydrogels with absorption of 20, 29 and 63% of water for compositions. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR 13C e 1H) confirmed the copolymerization of HEMA with PLDLA-co-TMC as well as the copolymerization of hydrogel PNIPAAm-co-AAc-co-HEMAPLDLA-co-TMC. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) corroborated the data found in (NMR 13C e 1H). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed a glass transition temperature of 114ºC, 130ºC and 98ºC for hydrogels, near those found in literature, moreover, showed the LCST for samples at 29ºC, 30ºC and 24ºC, temperatures being lower than 37ºC, indicating these hydrogels may be used in the human body. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed hydrogels without interconnected pores. Mechanical tensile tests showed hydrogels with Young s Modulus of 531, 922 and 725 kPa, and over 500% strain in all synthesized compositions. Degradation of materials followed by weight loss and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) demonstrated stability of hydrogel during first 4 weeks and after 10 weeks showed the onset of weight loss. Finally, the biological interactions assays showed the material as cytocompatible and non-toxic to Vero cells. Thus, the synthesized hydrogels are promising for future applications in cells carriers for tissue engineering.
Catarse e educação: contribuições de Gramsci e o significado da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10) Cardoso, Mario Mariano Ruiz; Martins, Marcos Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6466684523583420
This dissertation deals with the concept of catharsis in the work of Antonio Gramsci and the incorporation and the meaning of the catharsis in Historical-Critical Pedagogy. Divided into five parts, in the first chapter are presented the main concepts of the thought of Antonio Gramsci necessary to the understanding of catharsis in this intellectual work. The second chapter begins with the etymology of the term catharsis and then is deepened the meaning that catharsis reaches in Gramsci's work. The third chapter gives an historical overview of the emergence of Historical-Critical Pedagogy, and presents the main concepts of this pedagogical perspective as well as the relationship established with the dialectical historical materialism. The following is a chapter devoted to identifying the meaning of catharsis in the Historical- Critical Pedagogy and the relationship with the totality of this theoretical and methodological elaboration. The last chapter is devoted to the relationship between the concept of catharsis in Antonio Gramsci and the concept of catharsis in PHC, advocating a continuation and advancement in the elaboration of the catharsis in PHC in relation to Gramsci's work. It is stated that both Antonio Gramsci work, as the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, the catharsis occupies a central place. In Gramsci the catharsis indicates the passage from the economic moment to the ethical-political moment, in other words, from the upper elaboration of structure to superstructure in the conscience of men, from the objective to the subjective and from need to freedom, as a movement of dialectical overcoming required to the production of a new hegemony by the subaltern classes. For the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, based on Gramsci, the catharsis is a fundamental pedagogical category, because for throught this process the subalternal classes can advance on qualitative transformation of the insertion of individuals and groups in a struggle for radical change in social reality. Therefore, the catharsis on Historical-Critical Pedagogy is the culmination point of the educational process; refers to the moment when cultural instruments historically produced by humanity are embedded in the students lives and are transformed into tools of the struggle to build a classless society. Indeed, the Gramscian sense of catharsis is the starting point for the cathartic moment in oriented educational practice in the historical-critical perspective, and it is central to the struggle for the lower classes hegemony in terms posed by Gramsci.
Marcas do desejo: um estudo sobre os critérios de raça na seleção de parceiros em relações homoeróticas masculinas criadas online na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10) Kurashige, Keith Diego; Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1815508785596967
Uma leitura comportamental sobre o método Paulo Freire de alfabetização: convite ao diálogo entre analistas do comportamento e educadores freireanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10) Bachega, Denise; Carmo, João dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8339894297281762
This study aimed to highlight interactions in the educational environment, more specifically in literacy approaching Paulo Freire s literacy method and some aspects of his theory from the perspective of Behavior Analysis. The objectives were to conduct a behavioral reading on the application of Paulo Freire s Literacy Method on the experience of Angicos - RN (1963 ) and to develop reflections on these two conceptions of education (Behavior Analysis and Freire s theory). The study consisted of a theoretical exploratory research consulting primary and secondary sources to provide a contextualization of the educational proposals concerned; a behavioral reading on Literacy Method, and; some discussions and considerations about possible contributions between educators in these two areas. From this behavioral reading one can indicate that in the Freirean method the objectives are not restricted to the reproduction of the actions of reading and writing but they stand out the relevance of these actions for the subject and for the society in which he or she is inserted. In addition, there is also the search for a construction of a non-punitive verbal community and the discussions that integrate this proposal can be understood as a teaching condition that lead to discrimination on the social contingencies in which participants take part and also the possible ways of counter control related to these contingencies. Given the objectives of the study it is possible to indicate that while one of the key concepts of Paulo Freire s proposals is that educational practices must be committed to the radical transformation of social relations, the behavioral assertion, although recognizing the importance and influence of political aspects to education, focuses on the effectiveness of teaching conditions and are less explicit about its political position compared to the Brazilian theorist s proposals. Thus, the invitation assumed by this work is to seek for new ways of making a Science increasingly committed to the transformation of the oppressive social conditions.
Inferência em modelos de regressão com erros de medição sob enfoque estrutural para observações replicadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10) Tomaya, Lorena Yanet Cáceres; Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0145921960754746
The usual regression model fits data under the assumption that the explanatory variable is measured without error. However, in many situations the explanatory variable is observed with measurement errors. In these cases, measurement error models are recommended. We study a structural measurement error model for replicated observations. Estimation of parameters of the proposed models was obtained by the maximum likelihood and maximum pseudolikelihood methods. The behavior of the estimators was assessed in a simulation study with different numbers of replicates. Moreover, we proposed the likelihood ratio test, Wald test, score test, gradient test, Neyman's C test and pseudolikelihood ratio test in order to test hypotheses of interest related to the parameters. The proposed test statistics are assessed through a simulation study. Finally, the model was fitted to a real data set comprising measurements of concentrations of chemical elements in samples of Egyptian pottery. The computational implementation was developed in R language.
A influência dos fatores abióticos na determinação dos padrões florísticos existentes na estação Ecológica de Itirapina, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-10) Leite, Marcelo Boccia; Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7823877983865382
The Cerrado is the second largest biome of Brazil, originally covering 22% of the country and occurring in 16 states and Federal District. It is considered a world´s biodiversity hotspot, containing 1.2 percent of all flora richness. The cerrado physiognomies are characterized as a vegetation mosaic, ranging from open grassland formations to dense forests, replacing along a physiognomy continuum. These physiognomies are formed by two layers with different competition abilities (1) herbaceous, as best competitor for water and nutrients available in the surface layers , while (2) woody components, which uptake more efficiently the resources available in deeper soil. Differences in competitive ability between these layers, associated with environmental heterogeneity (i.e. fire, soil physical-chemistry and water availability) are strongly related with differences between the physiognomies. In this study, we aimed (1) describe the structure of three Cerrado physiognomies, focusing on the woody components; (2) asses the efficiency of different descriptors of savanna physiognomies; (3) address the role of abiotic factors (soil and water availability) on the occurrence of these physiognomies. We carried out the study in the Itirapina Ecological Station (22º11'- 22 15'S and 47º51'-48º00'W), São Paulo state, Brazil. We found differences in species richness, dominant families and importance value index (IVI) compared with other cerrado areas. In addition, Byrsonima coccolobifolia showed as an important species in opened physiognomies throughout the country, whereas occurrence of Gochnatia polymorpha was limited to the austral region of Cerrado. Our results showed that floristic similarity, basal area and cylinder volume were less effective cerrado descriptors, whereas richness, density, basal area of the widest individual and the height of the largest individual were effective as descriptors of all physiognomies evaluated. Since we found little differences in physical and chemical properties between our the studied sites, and, these differences were related to high water availability indicating the soil parameters does not drive the occurrence of physiognomies in entisols. In contrast, we found a positive relation between groundwater level and the occurrence of grasslands, which never subject to water deficit. We conclude that water table depth drives the vegetation gradient in the Itirapina Ecological Station (IEE) and could have a similar role, in other sites of Cerrado that also occur in entisols.