Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-03-14"

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Utilização de condições de contorno para combinação de múltiplos descritores em consultas por similaridade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Barroso, Rodrigo Fernandes
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Bueno, Renato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7189857417959804
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6288187829262029
Complex data, like images, face semantic problems in your queries that might compromise results quality. Such problems have their source on the differences found between the semantic interpretation of the data and its low level machine language. In this representation are utilized feature vectors that describe intrinsic characteristics (like color, shape and texture) into qualifying attributes. Analyzing the similarity in complex data, perceives that these intrinsic characteristics complemented the representation of data, as well as is carried out by human perception and for this reason the use of multiple descriptors tend to improve the ability of discrimination data. In this context, another relevant fact is that in a data set, some subsets may present essential specific intrinsic characteristics to better show their rest of the data elements. Based in such premises, this work proposes the use of boundary conditions to identify these subsets and then use the best descriptor combination balancing for each of these, aiming to decrease the existing semantic gap in similarity queries. Throughout the conducted experiments the use of the proposed technique had better results when compared to use individual descriptor using the same boundary conditions and also using descriptors combination for the whole set without the use of boundary conditions.
Sexualidade e escolha de objeto na teoria psicanalítica freudiana e nas teorias biológicas do comportamento humano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Guarnieri, Silvana
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4526694532478270
Although the relationship between psychoanalysis and biology has been denied by many Freudian followers, today much study has been done in Freud's work, resuming his concepts within the naturalistic bias. Aiming to deepen these relationships, this study aims to analyze the convergences between the psychoanalytic concept of object choice and sociobiological studies regarding choice of partners. For psychoanalysis, human sexuality doesn´t have a main objective to reproduce, but this does not take us away from biological conceptions of sexuality, as is pointed out by several theoretical biology and contrary to a widespread view within the psychoanalytic means. It is thus to analyze how psychoanalysis and biology study this aspect of human sexual behavior, including their specificities, but also looking to evaluate their degree of convergence and complementarity that can then establish
Vetores Gevrey em estruturas localmente integráveis do tipo tubo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Ferra, Igor Ambo
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Barostichi, Rafael Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582461114222090
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0388427203207282
Percepções de inclusão social entre idosos usuários e não usuários de serviços destinados à terceira idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Silva, Mônica Ferreira da
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4986559368099267
A reduction in social contact among the elderly can result in unhealthy social isolation, and an increase in depressive symptoms. To combat this problem, services for the elderly are emerging, but little is yet known about the factors that affect the use of these services and the contribution of these programs to reduce social isolation. On the basis of the literature review, a new instrument was constructed to evaluate the extent to which older people who are engaged in activities outside the family circle feel that these involvements create opportunities to be more active, more competent, meet new people, form new friendships, learn new skills, do something they enjoy, or to do something related to their personal interests. The overall objectives of the current study were to: a) compare the perceptions of users and non-users of services for the elderly, with respect to their perceptions of the adequacy of their opportunities for social contact outside the family, and b) to determine if elderly people with more positive perceptions of these activities also report fewer depressive symptoms. Participants included 60 people aged 65 years or older (15 female and 15 male service users, and 15 female and 15 male non-users), all residing in a small city with approximately 122.000 inhabitants, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. All respondents obtained scores equal to or above their cut-off score on the Mini Mental State Examination, such that all participants presented normal cognitive functioning. After signing the consent form, the participants responded to instruments about their financial status, physical and mental health (Brazilian Socioeconomic Criteria, Katz Scale of ADL, the PAQ and the Geriatric Depression Scale). Next, participants rated the extent to which their nonfamily activities meet their needs for social inclusion. The two groups were highly similar with respect to socioeconomic status, education, and functionality levels. The main findings indicate that both users and non-users of services for the elderly reported a high level of satisfaction with their non-family activities. In addition, average ratings of their opportunities for social inclusion were high in both groups, but those who used services for senior citizens had fewer depressive symptoms than those who did not use these services, which is coherent with some other studies that point to the positive effects of attending universities for senior citizens. As such, the primary contribution of this study was to initiate more detailed work, to identify and better understand how to create opportunities for the social inclusion of the elderly.
Técnicas espectroanalíticas aliadas à química verde visando à determinação de V e Mo com procedimentos de extração e pré-concentração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Peixoto, Amanda Maria Dantas de Jesus
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0238134456190174
The goal of this PhD thesis was to propose alternatives to improve the analytical performance of F AAS (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) and LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) aiming V and Mo determination. Some analytical procedures, in agreement with the Green Chemistry principles of, as the cloud point extraction (CPE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were evaluated in different kind of samples (mineral water, medicines and soil). First was evaluated some parameters concerning to the CPE and the instrumental parameters, using factorial design in order to obtain the better conditions for the extraction of V and Mo individually and simultaneously, as well as the minimum sample volume necessary to introduce in the nebulizer. The limits of detection (LOD) achieved with the CPE to extract individual V and Mo were 80 and 20 μg L-1, respectively. When the CPE procedure was applied for simultaneous extraction, the LODs were 80 and 70 μg L -1 to V and Mo, respectively. The developed procedure was applied in two real samples of medicines and the recoveries obtained were 107 ± 4 % and 98 ± 2 % for V and Mo, respectively. Measurements in presence of Fe (II) (possible interfering) in proportions higher than 1:10 (V: Fe and Mo: Fe) were performed and the absorbance signals of V and Mo decrease thereabout 30 and 50%, respectively. In the second work a procedure employing dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of V and Mo by LIBS was developed and applied in water, medicines and soil samples. Some factorial designs were also performed to optimize the best conditions for DLLME procedure. After the optimization, a sample volume of 10 μL was dried in a piece of aluminum foil and submitted to determination by LIBS. The combination of DLLME-LIBS is quite feasible since microextraction is fast, easy to apply, low-cost, they have the possibility of automation, generates little waste and the small volume of the final extract is sufficient for the LIBS analysis. The LOD achieved with the proposed method were 5 and 30 μg L-1 for V and Mo, respectively. The procedure was applied to real samples of two medicines, where the recoveries obtained by comparing with the standard addition method and determination by ICP OES ranged 92-104% for V and 96% for Mo. In the soil sample recovery was 97 ± 15% for V and Mo was below the LOQ and a reference material NCS ZC 85005 (Beef Liver) where V was below the LOQ and the recovery obtained for Mo was 102 ± 21%.
Otimização estocástica na programação de bombas em redes de abastecimento urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
De La Vega Martinez, Jonathan Justen
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Alem Junior, Douglas José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0744448264150067
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Toledo, Franklina Maria Bragion de
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3197500103141618
This study presents a pump scheduling problem for the capture, transfer and storage of water supply systems in urban networks, whose objective is to minimize the electricity cost associated to the pumping operations. To deal with the dynamic and random nature of the water-demand, we propose two-stage stochastic programming with recourse models, where the random variables are represented by a finite and discrete set of realizations or scenarios. The developed mathematical models are extensions of previous deterministic models of the literature and they reflect the basic assumption that a fixed cost could be incurred by the turn on/ turn off activities of the hydraulic pumps. In order to control violations of the water-demand constraints in the presence of multiple different scenarios, we also consider a robustness technique in an attempt to obtain almost feasible solutions. Last, but not least, we adopt a risk-aversion criteria so-called mean absolute deviation to obtain second-stage costs less dependent on the realizations of the scenarios. The scenarios were generated according to a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure that may use any probability distributions to produce the empirical probabilities of the random variables. As the proposed pump scheduling problem with fixed cost is a two-stage stochastic mixed 0 − 1 program, we develop a efficient hybrid heuristic to obtain good-quality solutions of practical instances in a plausible running time. Overall results evidence the stability of the scenario generation method, the sensitivity of the solution according to the key parameters of the mathematical model, and the efficiency of the heuristic in solving large instances. Finally, we show that is possible to save resources by solving the stochastic programming model instead of adopting simpler approaches based on the expected value.
Crenças e motivação em contexto de língua estrangeira para a terceira idade: subsídios para o desenvolvimento de competências do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Scopinho, Raquel Albano
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8317696376557854
The teaching-learning process of a foreign language for the Third Age is a theme that demands attention and has been little explored. Through the investigation of beliefs and motivational aspects in such a context, we intend to provide subsidies for the development of teachers competences, especially the ones who are involved with the referred public. By having in mind that this issue demands knowledge of the real changes that occur during the process of ageing, we have sought support in the fields of Gerontology, Sociology, Psychology and Applied Linguistics itself. The theoretical framework of this thesis was based upon Neri (1991, 1993, 1995, 2000), for the issues related to the Third Age; Dörnyei (1994, 2001, 2005), for the motivational aspects; Barcelos (2001, 2004), for the beliefs, and Almeida Filho (2002, 2005, 2012), for the competences. The research was developed through several instruments such as questionnaires, interviews and self-reports, which involved 110 participants. The analyzed data show us some aspects to be considered in the conduction of the teaching-learning process. We have to consider the single characteristics of the Third Age public, so that we can be aware of the benefits of a social and cognitively exciting environment for the development and maintenance of the elderly physical and mental capacities. However, to achieve this awareness, it is necessary to overcome some possible stereotyped and prejudiced ideas or images of the old people and the old age that are current in society, especially when it refers to the beliefs that old people are not able to acquire a foreign language, that while getting older, we start losing memory gradually and that the elderly do not feel motivated to the acquisition of knowledge or the acquisition of another language anymore.
Carnavalização como transgrediência da multidão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Silvestri, Kátia Vanessa Tarantini
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1544987367343253
Problematize the carnivalesque as a political inorganization a multitude of subjects who transgress power relations is the general aim of the thesis study. Popular demonstrations in societies that emerge are answers to the oppressor s mechanisms and relations of power that the capitalist logic promotes. These popular events appear as everyday ideology through carnivalesque relationships and are problematized, by this reflection, as objects of study. Two cutouts appear as places of observation in order to emphasize the clashes. 1) The street carnivals that reappear in the last ten years in the national and international scene as noted by the media dissemination. 2) The movement known as Carnival Against Capitalism - promoted by individuals from different countries constituting crowds that destabilize power relations. For such thinkers as Bakhtin (2006a, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011a ) and Negri, Hardt ( 2005a ) are crucial references in this architectural reflection. Some questions guide this study: 1) What can be read as manifestations carnival towards transgredient? 2) How different subjects do carnival? The purpose is specifically from such questions: 1) argue that every day events can carry a valued investment and such investment, disrupts discourses and relations of domination. 2) Affirm the existence of a "collective of a singularity which are not limited to the massive pocket of dough and composes the crowd. 3) Understand the crowd as a grotesque body - tireless and inalienable. Taking for granted the inextricable link between the social situation and the sign key understandings were: 1) There is no cohesive identity, but identities in constant struggle. 2) There is no speech that completely silenced the other, but lives in the discursive struggle linguistic materiality. 3) The carnivalization is a form of activism, a responsive activity. 4) A rule carnival happens as a counterpoint to the official system through various demonstrations and protests, art, music and parties. 5 - A crowd of singularities also has an affirmative view towards transgredient. Their actions may be carnival i.e., responses to ethics rectified. The research methodology is based on the theoretical perspective of Bakhtin's dialogical dialectic - clash of words and against words - which briefly means that the sign is part of a communication system and therefore cannot be separated from the concrete forms of communication, there is no separation between material reality and ideology of the sign, and there is a tense relationship between official and everyday discourses of.
Estimação do tamanho populacional a partir de um modelo de captura-recaptura com heterogeneidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Pezzott, George Lucas Moraes
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Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3716636700188073
In this work, we consider the estimation of the number of errors in a software from a closed population. The process of estimating the population size is based on the capture-recapture method which consists of examining the software, in parallel, by a number of reviewers. The probabilistic model adopted accommodates situations in which reviewers are independent and homogeneous (equally efficient), and each error is an element that is part of a disjoint partition in relation to its detection probability. We propose an iterative process to obtain maximum likelihood estimates in which the EM algorithm is used to the nuisance parameters estimation. The estimates of population parameters were also obtained under the Bayesian approach, in which Monte Carlo on Markov Chains (MCMC) simulations through Gibbs sampling algorithm with insertion of latent variables were used on the conditional posterior distributions. The two approaches were applied to simulated data and in two real data sets from the literature.
Otimização inteligente da decomposição de elemento estruturante em morfologia matemática binária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Pillon, Paulo Eduardo
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2432378935391081
When working with binary images, mathematical morphology provides powerful tools for analyzing them. Along with genetic algorithms, it allows various computational tasks that are performed autonomously. In recent decades, the decomposition of structuring elements has been involved in the morphological operations used to reduce the degree of difficulty imposed by images of larger size implying in the efficiency of the hardware used for the processing of such images. For accelerating this process, this master's project uses MATLAB and Visual Studio as development tools, aiming at developing an efficient algorithm for decomposing the structuring element facilitating a possible hardware implementation with aim of decreasing the time waste in processing those images.
Síntese e propriedades fotocatalíticas de heteroestruturas TiO2/SnO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Mendonça, Vagner Romito de
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4270375873948823
Heterostructures, systems containing two dissimilar semiconductors in direct contact, has been applied in heterogeneous photocatalysis due to their electronic properties. This work aimed at studying heterostructures containing metallic oxides. Due to their suitable features, both anatase TiO2 and rutile SnO2 were chosen to compose a model-system. In the first part, this work dealt with the synthesis of TiO2/SnO2 heterostructures by using two different routes: the sol gel hydrolytic (Hid) and the polymeric precursor method (Prec). The heterostructures photocatalytic properties were evaluated by the photodegradation of rhodamine B dye (RhB) under UV radiation. The results showed that heterostructures were more active than pristine TiO2, the same used to make heterostructures. That finding was related to charge migration between oxides, a heterostructure feature, as showed by photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis. The homogeneity in the phase formation (i.e., SnO2 dispersion over TiO2) was influenced by the synthesis method, as showed by X ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X ray microanalysis. The main RhB degradation mechanism was correlated with the process of OH radical generation, which in turn was related to the concentration and nature of the surface hydroxyl groups on the photocatalyst surface, as determined by infrared spectroscopy analysis. Accordingly, the polymeric precursor method was shown to be more adequate for dispersing higher amounts of SnO2 in comparison with the hydrolytic sol gel method. In the second part, due to the difficulty of a controlling morphology in a one-pot crystallization of two components, and to isolate the effect of charge migration between oxides, it was studied the possibility of obtaining heterostructures from pre formed nanoparticles by an aggregation and coalescence process induced by hydrothermal annealing. Morphologically xiv different oxides were separately synthesized and hydrothermally treated in different conditions. A kinetic model based on a diffusion controlled process was applied in the analysis of results. The ability of generating OH radicals under UV radiation was used to verify the charge migration. The results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining heterostructures by an aggregation followed by a coalescence process. It was also showed the charge migration between oxides, despite the interface being a point of charge recombination. The heterostructure formation was confirmed by comparing the heterostructure capability to generate OH radicals with anatase TiO2, the active phase, when treated in the same hydrothermal conditions.
Propriedades de transporte em óxidos condutores transparentes (TCOs): In2O3, SnO2 e SnO2:F
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-14)
Amorim, Cleber Alexandre de
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2813319640699964
In this work we studied some of the structural features and transport in nanostructured metal oxides synthesized by the vapor -solid mechanism (VS) aiming their application in high performance devices. The structural properties of the used samples [In2O3, SnO2 and SnO2 doped with fluorine (FTO)] were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X- ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX). All these techniques confirmed the monocrystalline character which was obtained by the method used for the synthesis process. Concerning the electronic transport properties, a common property for all samples was detected: the conduction mechanism was the variable range hopping. Invariably, such as mechanism is attributed to the presence of a small degree of electronic disorder in samples but which is not enough to induce the localization of all carriers. As an observable result, samples behaved as semiconductors. Specifically, in In2O3 samples the analysis of temperature dependent resistivity allowed us to determine parameters such as the localization length, also determining the dimensionality of the electronic system. Although not intentionally doped, the samples exhibited an appreciable density of electrons due to the amount of oxygen vacancies. Experiments performed with micro-sized sample, unpublished in literature, provided data on mobility and carrier density and their dependence on temperature, determining the dominant scattering process: for ionized impurities (low temperature) and acoustic phonon (high temperatures). The used approach avoids common errors in extraction of those kinetic parameters using devices like field effect transistors, serving as a versatile platform for the direct investigation of electronic properties in nanoscale materials. Samples of SnO2, monocrystalline and not intentionally doped (but with a little influence of oxygen vacancies) also showed a semiconducting behavior guided by the hopping mechanism in a wide temperature range (60-300 K). The presence of a potential barrier in the samples surface lead us to a detailed analysis of the performance metal-semiconductor (SnO2) junctions which was performed using different approaches: thermionic emission , statistical (Gaussian) distribution of Schottky barriers and a double Schottky barrier model. From these, we obtained a fairly detailed description of system providing parameters such as the barrier height (0B ~ 0,42 eV) and the ideality factor (n ~ 1, 05) comparable to the values obtained under conditions of ultra- high vacuum. These samples were used in field effect transistors that exhibited interesting characteristics for applications such as mobility of 137 cm2/Vs. Finally, FTO samples in which we could act on the doping level were explored. Samples showed a monocrystalline character and again a semiconductor behavior was evidenced by the hopping conduction mechanism. With the introduction of dopants on oxygen sites, devices showed an additional effect when a dispersion of nanobelts was used: a negative temperature resistivity coefficient for T < 15 K. We show that this behavior fits in the theory of weak localization in a system of weak disorder. Devices with a single nanobelt has a much smaller chance to exhibit the same behavior as a function of its dimensions. This result is general as suggested by the data: only the intrinsic disorder contributes to the transport mechanism, while the extrinsic one (the dispersion of nanobelts) not contributes. Finally, field effect transistors were constructed showing better mobility parameters for applications. Another original contribution of this work was the determination of an intrinsic parameter for the different materials which is only estimated by theoretical calculations in the literature: the density of states which should be used as reference in literature.
Aplicação de técnicas de CFD no estudo da eficiência de estágio em colunas de destilação para produção de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-17)
Oliveira, Gladson Cintra de
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Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2439230694829140
Distillation is one of the most important and used separation techniques of components at industrial level, applied in a wide range of processes. Its great importance is due to the capacity of purify components of a mixture using the volatility difference among them as driving force. However, this technique represents 40% of the total energy consumption of an industrial facility. Nowadays, with the necessity of rethink the energetic use owing to the massive usage of natural resources, new regulations of pollutant emissions, environmental issues and market competition; the enhancement of the distillation process has become essential to the refineries, petrochemicals and a variety of other sectors of the industry. Empirical studies about the flow dynamics in distillation columns are rare due to the large dimensions of this equipment and the high investment, including measurement instrumentation. This lack of experimental data makes difficult the appropriate understanding of the mechanisms that occur in this equipment, as flow patterns and degree of separation, as well as the relation between both. Nevertheless, to improve the distillation process performance is necessary to deeply know the dynamics of the multiphase flow existing on each tray of the column, where the contact between the phases indeed happens. In this study, was proposed the computational simulation of sieve trays of distillation columns using CFD s tools (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The main aim was to conceive a model capable to predict the hydrodynamics and the more volatile component transfer between the liquid and the vapor. Furthermore, the regions that possibly interfere on obtaining higher efficiencies were pointed out. For that, tridimensional, transient and multiphase models with the Euler- Euler framework were used. The main results show liquid velocity profiles, volumetric fraction, clear liquid height, mass fraction and efficiency. The results presented agreement with the literature. In general, the fluid dynamics results obtained here highlight the significance of the application of models that represent the complex behavior existing on sieve trays, since this crucially influence in the separation degree of the process. The CFD evidenced to be and valuable tool to study this sort of flow on columns internals and can be applied in the design and optimization of those equipment.
Síntese de zeólita FAU com cristais nanométricos para fins de adsorção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-17)
Massula, Lívia Maciel
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Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4221057085661380
Significant investments have been made in the development of technologies that enable the drying process of natural gas. The molecular sieves are highlighted in this context, due to features such as ion exchange capacity, thermal stability and especially for its ability to selective adsorption. The nanocrystalline structure favors the water diffusion into the pores of the material, providing greater adsorption efficiency. Therefore, the zeolite nano offers attractive possibilities in the exploration of their use in catalytic and adsorption processes. In this context, the present study aimed to vary some parameters such as aging time, the Si/Al ratio and the mineralizing source in order to synthesize nanocrystalline zeolites faujasitas. Diffractogramsshow that the high alkalinity along with increased aging time were effective for the peak intensity reduction. The Scherrer equation confirms that this decrease is due to obtain nanosized crystals. It is observed by SEM that the change of these same parameters also favored particle size reduction. Thermogravimetryresults enable us to find that 30% of the sample weight loss was water, although the adsorption of the sample was not induced. This fact confirms that even at ambient temperature and pressure, the nanocrystalline faujasite is highly hydrophilic. Adsorption isotherms of synthesized samples indicated that the material has a large surface area and a pore volume which favors and benefits its application in water adsorption. The adsorption tests made in situ at the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS in Portuguese), XPDanalysis (X-Ray Diffraction Powder), note that its structure remains stable after adsorption and high temperatures, presenting a promising material in drying. Data from X-ray diffraction showed that the decrease of Si/Al ratio in the reaction mixture, both by source of alumina or silica, was not effective to increase the aluminum content in the network and eventually contributed to the emergence of other competing phases with FAU zeolite, thus compromising its purity. These phases also appeared when the alkalinity is increased in the synthesis at a temperature of 100°C (crystallization), where GIS (NaP1) and CAN phaseswere favored. The crystallization temperature reduce to 70°C was enough to solve this problem and show that all samples showed a reduction in the crystallite sizes with increasing external area. 29Si NMR analysis showed that the physicochemical changes done helped to reduce the Si/Al enough to obtain faujasite X. All samples synthesized in this study, regardless of the impurities, showed a reduction in pore volume, even with a rise in external area. The adsorption tests made with CO2, CH2 and N2 have shown that the faujasite has a larger adsorption capacity than commercial zeolite NaA.
Invasão e estabelecimento de Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae) em fragmento de transição cerrado-mata atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-17)
Angotti, Marina Acero
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Flechtmann, Carlos Alberto Hector
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3751581397164912
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2563012255547191
Digitonthophagus gazella is known worldwide because it has been introduced in tropical and subtropical regions of several countries. The aim of this introduction was to assist in the removal of dung pats in pasture areas and to aid in the biological control of flies of veterinary importance. Thus, although D. gazella has a preference for open and sunny habitats and herbaceous vegetation, there is evidence that it apparently has been adapting to closed-canopy areas. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the ability of D. gazella to develop in a forest environment. The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in the Farm of UNESP - Ilha Solteira in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To evaluate the presence of D. gazella in the forest were used pitfall traps and to verify its capability of develop in this habitat couples of this species were kept in pasture and forest fragment in the absence and presence of competitors. The results indicate that D. gazella is able to enter the forest fragment, but at short distances from the edge. Additionally, D. gazella was not able to develop and establishment in the forest fragment.
Capacidades dinâmicas a partir da gestão do conhecimento e da aprendizagem organizacional: em busca de desempenhos superiores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-17)
Gasparini, Liz Vanessa Lupi
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0452113881423529
The area of Strategic Planning seeks to understand how the company creates and maintains competitive advantage, considering factors external and internal constraints. Among these, the lines of thought related to the Resource Based View, the Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning, there are the Dynamic Capabilities, necessary for enterprises to integrate, build and reconfigure internal and external competencies to respond quickly to environmental changes: absorptive capacity related to knowledge; adaptive capacity, organizational learning; and innovation capacity related to innovation and market advantage. Still under development, this recent approach to strategic management is criticized for its weakness in guiding the development and management of capacity and organizational resources. This study proposes that the integration of knowledge management, generating absorptive capacity and organizational learning, generating adaptive capacity, can foster innovation and organizational performance, and can promote indirectly, mediated by innovation, superior organizational performance generated directly, characterizing the generation of innovation capacity; and that if this performance is superior to that of competitors, featuring competitive advantage. This argument has been translated into a model of hypotheses, to contribute to the research model of dynamic capabilities developed by Wang and Ahmed (2007) by detailing how dynamic capabilities can relate and generate differential performance and innovativeness. Results of the questionnaire developed and applied to CEOs of four plants manufacturing Mato Grosso biodiesel, and a national unit of a global corporation in the auto parts industry recognized for its innovativeness and its performance was compared qualitatively to illustrate the model proposed. The results of this study reinforced the proposition and hypotheses examined in a preliminary way. From the viewpoint of view of dynamic capabilities were related the effects of integration of knowledge management and organizational learning in innovation and organizational performance , and indicated how this integration can generate differential organizational performance and innovativeness.
Impacto de políticas públicas em comunidade quilombola: Senhor do Bonfim-PB, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18)
Yogi, Euriko dos Santos
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Bertazzo, Cláudio José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1154385746854757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451572975536795
This research discussed the impacts of public policies for family farming on traditional knowledge and agricultural practices in maroon community Senhor do Bonfim-PB. Part of the hypothesis that these policies by prioritizing economic side, insert the community elements of the modernized agriculture, something inconsistent with the text of the law to encourage family farming which had the objective of social, environmental and economic sustainability. We used qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and participatory methodologies. We found that some public policies influencing the farmers' productive way, these actions end up inserting elements in the modernization of agriculture and influence the mode of production.
Projeto, construção e desenvolvimento metodológico de um aparelho de destilação. Estudo de caso: produção de etanol anidro via destilação extrativa utilizando glicerol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18)
Jardim, Herbert Aires Sousa Pereira Magalhães
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2891699667804564
Ethanol is a renewable fuel produced from biomass. Starting in 1975, Brazil began a national program to promote ethanol production in large scale, the ProAlcool Programme. In the harvest 2012/13 it was produced 23.64 billion of litters of ethanol, from that 9.85 billion was in anhydrous form. The anhydrous ethanol is mainly used as a gasoline additive. This mix reduces the dependence on fossil fuels, improves the engine performance and reduces the emission of toxic gases. Anydrous ethanol can be produced by azeotropic distillation (cyclohexane), by extractive distillation (mono ethylene glycol) or by molecular sieves technology (zeolytes). The objective of this work was the construction and operation of a distillation apparatus (in a bench scale) with the purpose of evaluating the extractive distillation of hydroalcoholic solutions of ethanol employing glycerol as solvent, in substitution of mono ethylene glycol. The substitution is motivated by several factors indicated by the literature like the biodiesel production growth, whose glycerol is a byproduct; the low toxicity; the superior capacity to promote the relative volatility increase of water-ethanol solution; and the inferior energetic consumption. The column was composed by three glass modules with five perforated plates each module. On the top it was used a glass coil condenser. As reboiler it was used a two litters round bottom boiling flask linked to a heating mantle. The feed of ethanol, solvent (glycerol) and the bottom product withdraw was made with pumps. The distillation system was modelled and simulated in the Aspen Plus software using the RadFrac distillation model and NRTL (non-random two-liquid model) thermodynamic model. Four simulations were made for different ethanol feed compositions (25, 35 and 45 wt %). Three simulations were made without the glycerine feed and one with solvent feed and 35% ethanol feed. The distillation column was operated in total reflux with 0.599 L/h ethanol feed flow and 0.341L/h glycerine feed flow. The systems without the solvent reached a mass purity of ethanol of 94.1% in distillate (45% of ethanol feed). The process with the solvent reached a purity of 99.8% in distillate. The four simulated conditions were experimentally evaluated. The experimental results confirmed that the use of glycerine feed promoted an improvement in separation, reaching distillate purity over 99%. Experiments without the glycerine reached compositions around 90%. Murphree efficiencies were determined in all experiments carried out. For the systems without the solvent the obtained efficiencies were: 45% (25% ethanol feed), 30% (35% ethanol feed), 35% (45% ethanol feed). The system with glycerine feed reached 70% efficiency.
O ensino da Arte: entrelugares da estética à (re)significação do trabalho docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-18)
Santos, Odirlei Paulino dos
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561718257992273
This study aimed to find the context of a São Paulo public school, regarding to Art, highlighting main proposals developed with students of Elementary School I. Therefore, the following questions have also been delimited: Which senses are elaborated and constructed by the referred teachers about the teaching of Art? How to render as problematic and (re)signify them as from the collective analysis of teaching work? Starting with the research on education proposals, a qualitative study was performed, taking reflection and analysis of scientific texts as methodological procedures, official documents on teaching of Art. Faced with this, the didactic proposal of teachers, taking as an anchor the Cultural-Historical perspective ideas and studies of the “Art-Education” contributions. It was evidenced, as from the questioning activities offered to the students and theoretical contributions, that working with the Visual Arts was resized: the place of art in the weekly plan was reviewed, there was a greater concern on discussing the visual elements that constitute the work, historical contextualization of the art object and the artist himself, the emergence of didactic proposals, with broader creation possibilities by the students and the classroom reconfiguration, as a space to use art. Evidences can be verified on teacher’s reports, in the weekly plan and observations made by the researcher.
Fábricas recuperadas e os trabalhadores: a autogestão entre a teoria e a prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-03-19)
Pires, Aline Suelen
;
Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853
The context generated by the productive restructuring associated with financial crises and changes in the Brazilian economy in the late 1990s led to the collapse of many companies and resulted in increased unemployment and increasing instability and insecurity of labor relations. Thus, workers sought other forms of livelihood, including the associated work. ANTEAG (Associação Nacional de Trabalhadores em Empresas de Autogestão e Participação Acionária) [National Association of Self-Management Companies Workers] emerged in this context, with the goal of supporting groups of workers to unite and take control of bankrupt factories in which they worked, preserving their jobs. So, the first recovered factories emerged. At this time, the movement of the Solidarity Economy also begins to grow, and Unisol Brazil (Central de Cooperativas e Empreendimentos Solidários) [Central of Cooperatives and Solidary Enterprises] arises to support various types of solidary economic enterprises, including the recovered factories. Thus, the purpose of our research was to make a general analysis of the current situation of recovered factories in Brazil. To do this, we return to some of the pioneering experiments of recovered companies. Our goal was to understand if and how cooperative and self-managed values are present in these enterprises today. So, we performed a literature review of case studies about recovered factories and visited several experiences of this type, where we conducted observations and interviewed leaders and workers, using semi-structured scripts. In addition, we seek to look at our subject from an international perspective, so we visited Argentina and France. In general, we note that, although the ideals of cooperatives and self-management remain in the speeches of many workers, their enforcement encounters many obstacles in practice. In other words, to be viable, recuperated factories face many pressures in the market, which eventually modify some of your initial goals.