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Análises de compostos orgânicos não específicos no esgoto sanitário doméstico através das técnicas RMNq e HPLC-(UV/MS)-SPE-ASS-NMR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-10)
Alves Filho, Elenilson de Godoy
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843055136220699
The growth of industrial deployment and urbanization play a major role in the degradation of global environmental and resource depletion mainly in countries in development such as Brazil. The problems regarding water pollution in Latin America have been well-documented, and there is no evidence of substantive effort to change the situation. There are a large number of organic pollutants that leads several damages to the ecosystem, threatening human health and are flushed to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The WWTPs are responsible for the removal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants from the sewage and, for this, play an important role in protection of human health and the environment. Due to the varying operational conditions, process and quality, the wastewater treatments need to be monitored continuously to ensure a reliable and efficient operation. Therefore, the NMR analyses are widely used in the study of different components of wastewater such as complex organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), sludge and organic contaminants. In the present work, we employed two methods to study wastewater samples: non-targeted 1D (13C and 1H) and 2D NMR spectroscopy analyses to characterize the largest possible number of compounds in urban wastewater; and analysis by HPLC-(UV/MS)-SPE-ASS-NMR to detect and elucidate the non-specific recalcitrant in treated wastewater, sparing the common use of standards. In the non-targeted 1D NMR analysis, we employed also a method to study wastewater samples by chemometric and quantitative analyses to monitor the seasonal variations and identify anomalous discharges in urban wastewater system. The set of data were constituted of several compounds on which the concentration ranges considerably with treatment and seasonality. An anomalous discharge, the influence of storm water on the wastewater composition and recalcitrant compounds (LAS surfactant homologues) in the effluent were further identified. The seasonal variations and abnormality in the composition of organic compounds in sewage indicated that the employed procedure can be useful to identify the pollution source, to follow up the efficiency of WWTPs plants to design preventive actions in order to protect equipment and preserve the environment.
Avaliação esportiva utilizando técnicas multivariadas: construção de indicadores e sistemas online
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-10)
Maiorano, Alexandre Cristovão
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1457616145396499
The main objective of this research is to provide statistical tools that allow the comparison of individuals in a speci ed sports category. Particularly, the present study is focused on the performance evaluation in football using univariate and multivariate methods. The univariate approach is given by Z-CELAFISCS methodology, which was developed with the purpose of identifying talents in the sport. The multivariate approaches are given by the construction of indicators, speci cally by means of principal component analysis, factor analysis and copulas. These indicators allows the reduction of the dimensionality of the data in studying, providing better interpretation of the results and improving comparability between the performance and assortment of individuals. To facilitate the use of the methodology studied here was built an online statistical system called i-Sports.
Modelagem e cômputo de métricas de interesse no contexto de modernização de sistemas legados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-13)
Honda, Raphael Rodrigues
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Camargo, Valter Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6224972529068017
Maintaining legacy systems is a complex and expensive activity for many companies. An alternative to this problem is the Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM), proposed by the OMG (Object Management Group). ADM is a set of principles that support the modernization of systems using models. The Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) is the main ADM metamodel and it is able to represent various characteristics of a system, such as source code, configuration files and GUI. Through a reverse engineering process supported by tools is possible to extract knowledge from legacy source code and store it in KDM metamodel instances. Another metamodel that is important to this project is the Structured Metrics Metamodel (SMM) that allows the specification of metrics and also the representation of the measurements results performed on KDM models. When we decide to modernize a legacy system, an alternative that aims to improve concerns modularization of a system is the Aspect-Oriented Programming. Considering this alternative, the main goal of this project is to present an approach to defining and computing concern metrics in instances of KDM metamodel. This kind of measurement needs a prior concern mining that make notes on system components indicating concerns which it implements. To achieve the project objective, a complete approach to measure concerns using ADM models was developed, this approached is composed by an extension of KDM metamodel for representing Aspect- Oriented Software (AO-KDM), a concern metrics library in SMM format (CCML) developed in order to be parameterized by the Modernization Engineer. Therefore, the metrics defined in this project can be reused in other projects. Furthermore, we have developed a tool (CMEE) capable of handling parameterization annotations (notes about concerns made by the mining tools) that allows that models annotated by different mining tools could be measured by SMM metrics.
Lutando por corações, mentes e credencias: as disputas em torno da regulamentação da profissão de jornalista no Brasil na primeira década do século XXI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-14)
Nascimento, Lerisson Christian
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Bonelli, Maria da Glória
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1739441747281321
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4675493298798128
The aim of this paper is to show how journalism in Brazil - between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century was the subject of disputes in the academic field and in the scope of professional regulation. We show how these two processes relate through the relationship between the idea of professionalism and the process of building a specific knowledge about journalism in the national academic field.
ACT : uma possibilidade de prevenção universal à violência contra a criança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-14)
Silva, Jéssica de Assis
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9174144379163311
Aggressive models can be learned during childhood, critical period to children to learn basic skills and whose effects are long lasting. In this sense, prevention programs that emphasize the role of environment in acquisition of non-aggressive repertoires and which highlight the role of the important adults in children's lives, such as their parents and other caregivers, are essential to prevent violence in its many forms. This chapter describes the ACT raising safe kids Program, designed in 2000 by the American Psychological Association (APA) in the United States, and implemented in several countries. It is a universal prevention program that articulates early intervention and training of parenting skills to prevent violence against children. Through a topical review of the literature, it is intended, in this chapter, address the historical aspects of the ACT program, its dissemination and its results in research evaluation and implementation, highlighting the gaps in research and suggesting new research.
O governo de menores de idade em relação à prática da prostituição: os discursos de agentes sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-15)
Molina, Ana Maria Ricci
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Dinis, Nilson Fernandes
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DINIS, N. F.
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6532051682869764
In the field of prostitution children and adolescents can be found, although considered a social practice that violates their rights. Consequently, society has created a social network of care, where the Guardian Council and the Specialized Care Program Families and Individuals to combat this violation. However, it seems that the government held by social agents of these instances denotes security mechanisms and risk management through a series of practices called menoristas and minors in order to resonate the notion of deviance as a facilitator of the violation of rights and the body by the subject. The questioning of such practices points to the tension between the sovereignty of the individual and technical rationality, and also with the moral values concerning sexual absurdity and good social order. At the end, appear the silence of society, the politics of social agents and the resistance of children and adolescents in the face of commercial sexual exploration. This analysis was possible by reading the records of commercial sexual exploration of children and adolescents the existing Guardianship Council (years 1994, 2005 and 2011) PAEFI-Sentinela (2005 and 2011), both the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP, based the genealogical method and the theories about government, sexuality and abnormality presented by Michel Foucault and followers.
Promovendo aplicações multimídia interativas com autoria por incorporação de informações de contexto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-15)
Melo, Erick Lazaro
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Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0531869501074485
Interactive multimedia applications can turn contents into a much more interesting presentation for users, promote more effective transmission of information, hold the user s attention and eventually promote more satisfaction. However, it is observed that the spread of such applications is very timid. Multimedia content, in general, has been summarized to video and hypermedia documents based on images and text. There are few effective initiatives interactivity with content that benefit from media synchronization. The environment of the Interactive Digital TV offers good potential for exploitation of sync media, however we observe numerous obstacles arising from the conservatism of the industry. The few options available to viewers often end up being ignored. Some reasons may explain the low adoption of interactive multimedia applications: (i) the production of such content is complex - existing authoring tools contribute little to simplify this process, keeping away unskilled designers and developers who choose to use content that can be captured in a simple way (usually video); (ii) the presentation of interactive multimedia content may require specific environments or applications not very widespread or require specialized development; (iii) the content consumption should occur on multiple platforms, making it expensive to develop specific applications for each; (iv) there is a lack of applications widely known to the general public that are really attractive and innovative and that stimulate interactivity. It is believed that this scenario can be changed and interactive multimedia applications can contribute to user satisfaction. It has been hypothesized that attractive interactive multimedia applications can be built with automatic or semiautomatic incorporation, to a leading media, of other media related to it. Related media may be the result of human authorship, with facilitators support, capturing context information, mining the collective interaction in presentation sessions with multiple viewers or combinations of these sources. Based on several published articles, authored or co-authored by the author of this thesis and related to projects managed by him, this text presents efforts and results that contribute to the validation of the hypothesis. These are works that address aspects of multimedia authoring, dissemination of multimedia applications on multiple platforms and media synchronization, all inherent to innovative applications with strong potential to captivate users and serve as catalysts for new applications.
Aprendizagem e engajamento como função de consequências para o desempenho de crianças em um programa de ensino individualizado de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-17)
Veiga, Dhayana Inthamoussu
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7411099765109302
The individualized teaching program for elemental reading and writing skills Learning to Read and Write in Small Steps has been systematically developed and improved for the last 25 years. Anecdotal observations suggested a reduction on the engagement of children in the program, indicating need to study motivational‟ variables in this context. The purpose of the present study was to analyze learning and task engagement of children during the application of Module 1 of the Program: 1) in its standard version (Standard-Procedure) and 2) in a token version, where points were added to a counter in correct trials exchanged for video access as supplementary consequences (Token- Procedure). Two experiments were conducted in an elementary public school with 21 children without or with incipient reading repertoire. In the Experiment 1, participants were nine boys and four girls with 8-10 years of age of the 3rd and 4th grade. Some participants were exposed to Standard-Procedure and others to Token-Procedure. Learning measures provided by the program and systematic observational measures (ten seconds partial interval recording) assessed performance. On-Task and Off-Task behaviors (participants‟) and Task Assistance and On-Task Request behaviors (experimenter‟s) were recorded in five sessions per participant. Results showed that all participants had meaningful gains in reading, spelling and equivalence performance, with teaching and recombination words, and the advancement in the procedure occurred within a number of sessions similarly to programmed teaching steps. An overall reduction trend of average latency to perform task along units was observed. The average latency in Token-Procedure was significantly lower than in Standard- Procedure. More promptness to perform task was interpreted as evidence of its greater evocative effectiveness, probably due its correlation with a more effective consequence. It suggests that the effects of standard consequences were supplemented by the introduction of points. All participants systematically engaged in the task during the teaching sessions and Off-Task behaviors occurred more variably and apparently without interfering in task performance, except in some cases. Off-task behaviors appeared to be mostly an artifact of the discrete-trial procedure, in which the task cannot occur continuously. The results of Experiment 1 led to Experiment 2, in which the parameters of point accumulation and of its exchange were adjusted (Token‟- Procedure). Participants were six boys and two girls, with 6-9 years, of 2nd or 3rd grade, with lower initial repertoire and were only partially exposed to Token‟- Procedure. Their performance differ significantly in relation to other participants, such as a higher number of repetitions of teaching steps and less gains of target repertoires, which impaired the observation of possible effects of Token‟-Procedure. Despite of the limitations of this study, its results indicate important directions for future studies on the determinants of task engagement of children in this Program.
O efeito do material concreto e do modelo de barras no processo de aprendizagem significativa do conteúdo curricular de frações pelos alunos de 7º ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-17)
Gois, Renata Cláudia
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Baldin, Yuriko Yamamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8785562528979416
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9457234104730410
The dissertation presents a proposal for teaching the content of fractions to a 7th grade classroom of basic education, based on a concrete didactical material, Fraction Case , and the Bar Model inspired in Singapore Mathematics, focused on the conceptual understanding along with basic operation skills. The motivation to this work was the recognition of great difficulty in learning with understanding of rational numbers, shown by the students of basic education across the grades. The learning of rational numbers is of fundamental importance to the accomplishment of the mathematics curriculum of basic education. We adopted the Fraction Case and the Bar Model because they actually offer the possibility of visualizing concrete representation of ideas that underline the subject of fractions. The proposed activities were inspired by the didactical ideas and activities in Baldin & Malagutti (2006), and they aim at the understanding of the concept of equivalent fractions together with the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of fractions, starting from the perspective of the part-whole relationship. We bring out the outcome resulted from the application of activities in three classrooms of 7th grade students of a private school of city of Bauru.
Resolução de problemas da pré-álgebra e álgebra para fundamental II do ensino básico com auxílio do modelo de barras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-17)
Queiroz, Jonas Marques dos Santos
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Baldin, Yuriko Yamamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8785562528979416
The difficulties in learning and teaching of algebra can be detected in the school cycle 4 (8th and 9th grades) of the Elementary School II and throughout High School, such difficulties being present in all Brazilian schools. These difficulties arise from an institutional failure, in others words, in the transition from arithmetic to algebra, in the phase of pre-algebra which occurs at cycle 3 ( 6th and 7th grades) of the Elementary School II. When this transition is unsatisfactory this compromises the subsequent studies making the students feel not motivated in learning the content of algebra. Therefore, in this research project we planned and executed 6 (six) activities based on the methodology of Problem Solving based on the phases proposed by George Polya, along with the methodology of the Bar Model from Singapore Mathematics. The activities were carried out in seventh grade classrooms of Elementary School II of Instituto Educacional Estilo , Campinas, SP. The results of this dissertation suggests to teachers of Elementary School II didactical sequences of activities that they can use and enjoy in classroom practices, so that they can improve also their teaching and learning, contributing to the development of the students. With the objective of achieving a satisfactory transition from arithmetic to algebra, the activities were developed and based on problems solving, and then analyzed critically using the Problem Solving steps. After 6 (six) activities, we applied a diagnostic evaluation in order to analyze the results and to check if the activities contributed to a meaningful learning of algebra. The dissertation presents a theoretical study about teaching and learning algebra as well as a study on the methodologies of Problem Solving in classroom practice and Bar Model from Singapore Mathematics.
Investigação de operadores essenciais de mutação para programas orientados a aspectos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-20)
Lacerda, Jésus Thiago Sousa
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0035619364824823
Context: The literature on software testing reports on the application of the Mutation Analysis criterion or mutation testing as a promising approach for revealing faults in aspect-oriented (AO) programs. However, it is widely known that this criterion is highly costly due to the large number of generated mutants and the effort required to identify equivalent mutants. We highlight that little existing research on mutation testing for AO programs focuses on cost reduction strategies. Objective: this work aims at investigating the cost reduction of mutation testing for AO programs. In particular, we intend to reduce the cost of mutation testing by identifying a reduced set of mutation operators that are capable of keeping the effectiveness in guaranteeing the quality of the designed test sets. Method: to achieve the goals, we applied an approach called Sufficient Procedure. Such approach yields sufficient (sets of) mutation operators. Test sets that are adequate with respect to mutants produced by sufficient operators are able to reveal the majority of faults simulated by a whole set of mutants. Results: by applying the Sufficient Procedure, we obtained substantial cost reductions for three groups of AO programs. The cost reduction in the experiments range from 52% to 62%. The final mutation scores yielded by the test sets that are adequate to mutants produced by the sufficient operators range from 92% to 94%. Conclusion: with the achieved results, we conclude that it is possible to reduce the cost of mutation testing applied to AO programs without significant losses with respect to the capacity of revealing prespecified fault types. The Sufficient Procedure has shown to be able to support cost reduction and to maintain the effectiveness of the criterion.
Evidências do efeito da fragmentação da mata atlântica na variabilidade e estruturação genética de Chiroxiphia caudata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-20)
Niero, Leonardo Paes
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4581580635244874
Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to biodiversity and one of the main challenges faced by conservation biology. This study assessed the habitat fragmentation effects on the genetic variability of Chiroxiphia caudata, which is an Atlantic Forest endemic bird species. Nine microsatellite loci were used for the analysis of individuals from five Atlantic Forest areas. We found departure from HWE is due to heterozygotes deficit and positive values for the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) for all populations. Private alleles were found in all areas. Fst, Dest, Bayesian and factorial correspondence analyses indicated that populations are genetically structured, but the distance could not explain the differentiation between areas. Apparently, this species did not suffered from a reduction in its variability because of the habitat fragmentation process. The fragmentation and its consequences as the reduction of gene flow may be acting in order to increase the differentiation between areas, including nearby areas that already show evidence of early differentiation.The choice of C. caudata for this study concerning the Atlantic Forest revealed the most fragmented areas played an important role for the specie by sheltering great genetic diversity within itself. Although not considered a very specialized specie as to their habits, the study model based on C. caudata showed that even more generalist species may be affected by fragmentation. When dealing with more specialized species, this scenario can become even worse.
Catálogo de padrões para o desenvolvimento de software como um serviço multi-tenant
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-20)
Leite, Bruno Dias
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
Software as a Service (SaaS) represent a form of software distribution on demand and accessible via the Internet. The development of SaaS enables service users (tenants) to benefit from the low cost of deployment and maintenance. The Multi-Tenant (MT) architecture is often used in the development of SaaS, it allows the sharing of software and hardware resources, providing cost savings to the costumers and the service provider. A challenge that the SaaS developer has is to keep sharing the instance of the software in scenarios with tenants who have differing needs. In this project, to address the variability of tenants in SaaS MT were set some patterns, based on Software Product Lines techniques for customizing user interfaces, data, processes and permissions. A framework called FoSaaS (Framework of Software as a Service) has also been developed to support the use of patterns, providing support to developers in SaaS MT coding. In addition to allowing the customization of SaaS MT, experiments in this project indicated that patterns improve reuse, quality and productivity in developed SaaS MT. The applicability of the patterns was evidenced through real projects in developing commercial applications.
Desafios do processo de educação permanente em saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-21)
Peres, Cristiane
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Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316701217046092
The Permanent Education in Health (Educação Permanente em Saúde - EPS) is a pedagogical strategy recognized by the Pan American Health Organization in Latin America as a method to consolidate public healthcare systems around the world since regular educational activities in health alone are not capable of fulfill the needs of the population and increase the quality of the service. This study discuss the Permanent Education in Health in the city of São Carlos SP and aims to identify and problematize the limitations and potentialities pointed by the local healthcare workers and managers in other to contribute to the development of the strategy in the city. The study uses a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews of nine actors directly related to the local EPS activities. The results show that the EPS in the city is weakened by different factors such as: fragmented actions in education; lack of knowledge or misunderstanding of the concept of EPS by the workers and mainly by the managers; and above all, rupture of project and political policies due to changes in the government political party. Despite the obstacles, the study also revels positive aspects of the EPS implementation in the city, like: good partnership between healthcare network and educational institutions; investment in activities of education in health; and involvement in governmental forums of EPS discussions and planning. The study conclude that EPS can evolve by increasing the articulation between the players involved in the public health system SUS (teaching, management, care, and social control), to guarantee the continuous consolidation the National Policy of Permanent Education in Health.
Extensões do metamodelo KDM para apoiar modernizações orientadas a aspectos de sistemas legados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-21)
Santos, Bruno Marinho
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Camargo, Valter Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5550740009040625
Maintaining legacy systems is a complex and expensive activity for many companies. A recently proposal to solve this problem is Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM), proposed by Object Management Group (OMG). The ADM consists of a set of concepts and standard metamodels that support systems modernization using models. The Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) is the main metamodel of ADM, it can represent many artifacts of a legacy system, such as source code, architecture, user interface, configuration files and business process. In general, legacy systems have crosscutting concerns, it can show source code problems like tangling and scattering, and it raises the maintenance costs. The aspect orientation is an alternative to improve crosscutting concerns modularization. Thus, in this dissertation is presented the term Aspect Oriented Modernization that uses the aspect oriented concepts in the ADM context. This modernization process consists in modularize legacy systems with aspects represented in model level. To achieve this goal, in this work were performed a lightweight and a heavyweight extension in the KDM metamodel, to analyze which one would present a better performance if used by Modernization Engineers. The evaluation of these extensions was performed by a case study that considered the modernization with aspects of a small-sized system. To evaluate the case study in both extensions, a set of comparison criteria were created to support the software engineers in choosing the best extension mechanism, according to their needs. In the context of this dissertation an experimental study were developed that aimed reproducing the scenarios that the modernization engineers had to perform maintenances and developing new refactorings in a aspect oriented KDM model. The experiment data considered the development time of the activities and the found number of errors. Finally, it was noticed that the extension mechanism to be choose will depend on the context that it will be applied, however, considering the approach studied here the best extension mechanism is the heavyweight one.
Cardiac autonomic modulation, C-reactive protein or telomere length: which of these variables has greater importance to aging?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-22)
Perseguini, Natália Maria
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Verlengia, Rozangela
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Milan, Juliana Cristina
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Minatel, Vinicius
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Rehder-Santos, Patricia
Recobrimentos ramificados entre superfícies e 2-orbifolds geométricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-22)
Rocha, Laurindo Daniel Silva da
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6699658067961309
The purpose of this work is to study the realizability problem of branched coverings between closed, connected and orientable surfaces. For each covering, there exists a set of naturally associated data called branch datum that should satisfy the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. A classical problem (for possibly non-orientable surfaces) asks whether for a branch datum satisfying the condition of Riemann-Hurwitz exists a branched cover between surfaces having it as branch datum. The correct answer is: not always. When a branch datum satisfies the necessary conditions to come from a branched covering, we call it a candidate branched covers ; if indeed it comes from a branched cover we call it realizable and, if not, we call it exceptional. In fact, it is known that exceptions can occur only if the covered surface is the sphere or the projective plane, but the general solution is still unknown. Among the various tools used to attack the problem we will work directly with two of them: the orbifolds and dessins d'enfant.
Estudo fitoquímico e bioatividade de espécies de Meliaceae sobre Spodoptera frugiperda e análises espectroscópicas do inseto sob a ação da cedrelona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-23)
Freitas, Samya Danielle Lima de
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7961603023838547
Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest of maize and its damage may lead to reduction of agricultural production. The use of synthetic insecticides has been the primary method of pest control, but their indiscriminate use has has altered the selection of populations, as well as damage to human health and environment.Thus, the study of insecticidal plants as a promising tool to control of pest insects have been stimulated. Good results were obtained previously with extracts of T. pallida, T. pallens and To. ciliata on larvae of S. frugiperda, but there are no studies related to metabolization by the insect of natural substances derived from these species. Therefore the goals of this study were to isolate and identify secondary metabolites of T. pallida, T. pallens and To. ciliata to assay them, and to understand how these compounds are metabolized by caterpillars at different larval stages. The phytochemical study provided isolation and identification of steroids sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol, triterpenes dammaradienol and 30-normetilenocicloartan- 3β-ol, limonoids cedrelone and 23-hidrooxicedrelone, coumarins siderin, scopoletin and 4-methoxy-5- methylcoumarin, flavonoids catechin, epicatechin and gallocatechin, indole-3-carbaldehyde, protocatechuic acid, inosil 5'- nucleoside and a purine adenine. Insecticides tests of ingestion against S. frugiperda were performed with crude extracts, fractions and pure substances. The best results were obtained from two species of Trichilia, where the branches fraction of T. pallens led to 100% larval mortality. Chemical studies of the metabolism of the insect was developed with the limonoid cedrelone, which was highly active. Thus, in order to understand how insects metabolize this active principle, some strategies were used to detect cedrelone in S. frugiperda larvae feeded with artificial diet containing this limonoid. The study of 1st instar larvae by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (600 MHz) identified cedrelone intact in these extracts. The analysis of the extracts of the faeces of the fifth instar S. frugiperda feeded at 5 and 24 hours with diet enriched in cedrelone by Mass Spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap Velos), demonstrated that the metabolization pathway of cedrelone takes a longer time to be activated, because in 5 hours the limonoid was almost totally excreted intact in the faeces. In 24 hours, the insect metabolized a high amount of cedrelone, the metabolic products were released in faeces and a small amount of intact cedrelone, observing values below 500 ng when it was quantified. In metabolic activity assays of the insect, we observed an increase in relative metabolic rate and metabolic cost after ingestion of the active ingredient, which may be related to the attempted detoxification of the compound by the insect. The study of the microbiota associated with S. frugiperda by MALDITOF/ MS enabled the secure identification of micro-organisms isolated from treatments cedrelone and control at genus Enterococcus, and the specie E. mundtii was identified for all treatments. These micro-organisms seems to be associated with metabolism of cedrelone by the insect. Furthermore in this work it were carried out tests of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in screening mode searching for potential candidates for natural insecticides, with the best results observed for cedrelone.
A representação de línguas no ciberespaço: um funcionamento enunciativo na contemporaneidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-24)
Stahlhauer, André Stefferson Martins
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042124312764795
D'après les discussions de concepts de la sémantique de l énonciation, nous faisons une lecture des sitewebs officiels des pays dans lesquels nous trouvons des sections qui représent des langues qui circulent dans ces lieux. Ainsi, nous analysons les désgnations « l anglais", « le français », « l allemand », « l'italienne » et « le reto-romanche » dans le siteweb de la Suisse, « Langue française», dans ce de la France, et la désignation « portugais », dans ce du Brésil, afin de comprendre comment leurs significations sont construits par les disparités entre le national, le réel et les règlements de l'officiel et du virtuel. Dans ce lieu de représentation, nous montrons les agencements operations énuntiatives operés par l haute-parleurEtat, c est à dire, sa façons, d integrer ses énonces à la textualité de siteswebs organisées par un autre agencement spécifique d'un texte d'Internet, où s inscrit l hautparleursWeb, en même temps que l'État. En conséquence, nous réfléchissons sur les espaces de représentation de l'énonciation sur les siteswebs officiels pour mieux comprendre comment dans ce mouvements d écritures des pays sur l internet dessinent des sens des désignations des langues parlées dans ces espaces. Dans l évenement de l énonciation, selon Guimarães (2002), on temporalise les sens de ces langues. Ainsi, la temporalité, la politique et le politique, les espaces de l'énonciation et la textualité des siteswebs sont à la base de la discussion de la constitution du sens des ces langues. De plus, par rapport à la politique et le politique, on entreprend ce travail, un effort pour penser ses mouvements, puisque dans les systèmes démocratiques, les politques basées sur le consenssus régissant les pratiques d'inclusion et d'exclusion des parlants des processus des signfications. Alors, dans ce mouvement de descriptions/interprétation, on montre les hiérarchies qui signifient dans le travail énontiative entre les langues et les parlants, qui sont-elles caracteristiques de ces espaces d énonciation, bien que ses procédures qui manipulent ces parlants hautparleursÉtatWeb pour l'organisation du texte, comme les re-écrituration, l articulation et l énumération.
Estudo do efeito do envelhecimento eletroquímico em filmes de poli(3-hexiltiofeno)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-24)
Gonçalves, Roger
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5949704693295518
The study of the electrochemical aging of conductive polymers, including of polythiophenes, has been described in the literature. However, this paper proposed study, in addition to electrochemical aging of polyethylene films (3-hexylthiophene), the influence of synthesis variables on the initial electrochemical properties of the films and also how they affect the degradation process. This study was conducted using factorial designs 23, in which the variables were the concentration of monomer (3- hexylthiophene), electrolyte concentration (LiClO4) and the presence of water, on two levels. To estimate the effect were used for responses the parameters of cyclic voltammetry, the impedance spectra and the Mott-Schottky curves. The model of transmission lines for porous electrodes where used for fit the impedance spectra. It has been shown that the changes observed are related to modifications in film/solution interface, because the parameters of impedance spectra have undergone major changes. It was also possible to assess the variables affect the synthesis not only the initial parameters as well as the extent of degradation that the polymer undergoes, including, identifying two stages of degradation. The first stage occurs before 120 min, and that in most of the films has a rate of change of the parameters marked. The second time, with slightly larger gear change occurs after this time. There is a relationship between the initial parameters and the evolution of degradation. In general, the films with improved initial properties have lower resilience to the degradation process, while the films with lower values of initial properties have shown less variation in these parameters over the same process.