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Estratégias espectroanalíticas para análise química inorgânica de plantas medicinais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-01) Virgilio, Alex; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5249134846307879
This thesis describes the development of analytical procedures based on direct solid analysis by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry in graphite furnace (SS-HR-CS GF AAS) and aqueous solutions by flame (HR-CS F AAS), tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WC AES), standard dilution analysis for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (SDA ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a tandem mass spectrometer (ICP-MS/MS) for inorganic chemical analysis of medicinal plants. In the first study, SS-HR-CS GF AAS was evaluated for the determination of Al, Cr, Ni and V. The development of an atomizer heating program with an additional air-assisted pyrolysis step and use of chemical modifier for Cr, makes feasible the use of calibration with aqueous standards for solid sample analysis. Limits of detection of 3, 18 and 7 ng g-1 were obtained for Cr, Ni and V, respectively. Aluminum was determined by HR-CS F AAS due to its high content in the samples, and presented a LOD of 10 μg L-1. For studies involving the determination of Al, Cr and V by WC AES, it was developed a new method for atomizer temperature monitoring, in order to perform more accurate and controllable heating programs. The use of conditioned coils, chemical modifiers for sensitivity enhancement and a pyrolysis step produced lower limits of detection (0.1 mg g-1 Al, 9 μg g-1 Cr and 13 μg g-1 V) and better precision. In another study, it was evaluated the development and application of a new calibration method called standard dilution analysis (SDA) for the determination of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn by ICP OES. SDA combines the benefits of matrix matching as in the standard additions method, and the correction of interferences similarly to internal standardization approach without any instrumental modifications. The procedure has high sample throughput and it is suitable for routine analysis. SDA was compared to different conventional calibration methods for CRMs analysis and recoveries in the 88 - 112 % range were obtained by the proposed method. Limits of detection of 2 (Al) ; 0.1 (Ca) ; 0.02 (Mg) ; 0.3 (Fe), 0.1 (Mn) and 0.1 μg g-1 (Zn) were obtained. In the last study, it was evaluated the performance of ICPMS/ MS for As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and V determination in phytotherapic drugs. By using the MS/MS configuration, oxygen in octopole reaction system (ORS) and oxide detection for As and Cr, results with good accuracy and precision were obtained. In these cases, limits of detection of 10 (As); 0.2 (Cd); 8 (Cr), 8 (Ni), 3 (Pb) and 2 ng g-1 (V) were obtained.
Liberdade sob tensão: negros e relações interpessoais na São Carlos pós-abolição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-01) Palma, Rogério da; Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9921508438209875
Post-abolition can be conceptualized as a historical moment in which places and social hierarchies built during centuries crumble. Master and slave, essential categories to understand slaveholding societies, don´t make sense anymore in this new social reality. By bringing the promise of freedom for the former captive, abolition established new bases for negotiation and therefore potentiate certain types of conflicts. While some tried to keep, even if under other terms, the old social asymmetries, former slaves sought to assert their new legal and social status of citizen. Through an approach of a variety of documentary sources of the period, this paper aims to demonstrate that interpersonal relationships were a set of interactions in which these political struggles by redefining certain social situations were present. Through of the interpersonal relationships, one can perceive the establishment of new forms of subjection to the black population, which saw their citizenship be precarious by the racialization of social relations characteristic of this time.
Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência: contribuições, limites e desafios para a formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-12-01) Deimling, Natalia Neves Macedo; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5059722794651091
This study had as principal focus the identify and analyze of the contributions and limitations of the Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) for the training of teaching initiation scholarship fellows and teaching professional practice of supervisors of basic education, employees and institutional, management processes educational and area coordinators program. For both, a qualitative approach research was performed with one institutional coordinator, two area coordinators in managing educational process, four area coordinators, seven supervisors, four employees and forty eight teaching initiation scholarship fellows of four subprojects PIBID UTFPR: subproject Physics, campus Curitiba, subproject English Letters, campus Pato Branco, subproject Mathematics, campus Toledo and subproject Chemistry, campus Londrina. As a tool for data collection, semi-structured interviews, documents and written narratives provided by the participants were used. For data analysis, we considered the theoretical and political affecting that directly or indirectly influence the processes of teacher training aspects; the national policy of teacher education, the legal instruments that based PIBID and the interpretation of the participants about the influences, contributions and limitations to the program for teacher education and action. The data analysis conducted from this perspective allowed us to discuss the relationship between the career choices of teaching initiation scholarship fellows and objective working conditions and career they see and experience in schools in which they are inserted through the Program; the influences - positive and negative - of the activities and actions developed in schools and at the university in the subprojects analyzed - in training and professional practice of teaching involved; the relationship between the university, the partner schools and the state schools and the role and return each of these spheres in the development activities PIBID; and resources and material conditions that are offered to the program to achieve their goals and for the training and teaching professional practice of its participants. Each of these aspects was analyzed separately in four major categories of analysis, from which we discuss broadly and at the same time, particularly the contributions, limitations and challenges of the program for the training and professional practice of its participants. From the results obtained, we believe that the development of policies and programs that aim to facilitate and mediate the contact of students with professional practice of teaching in the period of initial training, as well as the closely relationship between the university and the school, as is the PIBID case, it is essential for both the processes of teaching and practice professional as to the quality of this process. However, thinking about education policy and, more specifically, a politics teacher training involves dealing with the same seriousness, both the processes of initial and ongoing training as the actual working conditions, salary and teaching career - both basic education as higher education - in the search for quality education in real terms and not just formal terms.