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Uma abordagem subjetivista da resistência dos executivos à mudança: análise de duas corporações americanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Garrido, Giovanna; Saltorato, Patrícia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6587482176123640; Moreira, Carlos Augusto Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5772254792919254; Rachid, Alessandra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902; Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925
This study aims to discuss the Resistance to Change as a non rational phenomenon. Aiming to think about the theme by a different focus, the study looks for promoting a reflection about the executive's resistance to change, assigning a view to this individual as a complex subject and considering his subjectivity, unconsciousness and his psychic fragility as central elements for the study of the resistant behavior in the organizations. Based on bibliographic researches of exploratory feature, this study is established in a central idea that, basing in a subjective focus of the resistance phenomenon, is possible to consider the executives' resistant behavior as external reflexes of that is reproduced inside these subjects' psyche. The research that was done showed favorable arguments for this idea. Considering the way that the alienation of these subjects and the consequent occult meaning assigned to organization that they administer influence the way that they interpret the world, is possible to say that a big part of the assumed behavior as regards as the organizational change is resulted from internalized and repressed anxieties, ranging from annihilation fear to way of thinking that symbolizes their core identity. It is noteworthy that, in the search for concretization of this theoretical debate, were analyzed two big happenings of the history of two american organizations, AnheuserBusch and RJR Nabisco, translated in the works of Macintosh (2013) and of Burrough and Helyar (2009), respectively. The analysis and the interpretation of both cases enhance the discussion in favor to a practical content for the issues that were discussed in this study. Reached its aims, the research's results point to the fragility of the predominant approaches as regards as theme and promote openings paths for new researches that could be done via subjective analysis.
Protocolo NICHD : validação e capacitação em uma amostra de profissionais brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Hackbarth, Chayene; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7785657130976304
This Master’s thesis is a compendium of three scientific texts. Each one describes different steps of the study in order to contribute to the validation of the NICHD protocol in Brazilian context. The first article describes a systematic international literature review regarding to the appropriate listening and strategies for investigation of child sexual violence, with special emphasis on NICHD Protocol (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development). This protocol is recognized by the international specialized literature as one of the most appropriate tools for structured interviews with children victims of violence. It appears as a structured instrument, providing superior information to those obtained by interviews with fewer open questions. The result of this review showed that NICHD protocol produce more precise answers compared to others, with more both detailed and rich reports and with more revelations. The second text produced was related to a pilot study conducted to evaluate a training course on the NICHD Protocol to Brazilian psychologists, with the purpose of analyzing the quality of information obtained in interviews with children in cases of suspected sexual abuse. The results indicated that interviews that included sexual abuse revelations presented both a satisfactory amount of open questions and forensic relevance detail, showing good quality information. Those findings suggest a future application of the protocol to a higher number of participants in order to compare the quality information obtained during the interview before and after the course. Finally, the last article evaluated a training about the NICHD protocol offered to 15 professionals (psychologists and social workers) of two Brazilian cities. The results suggest that after training, there was a significant increase in using open-ended questions during interviews, as well as significant increase rate in forensic relevance details regarding to direct questions. The participant’s evaluation was positive. Limitations founded refer to small number of participants during the training and consequently low quantity of interviews, as well as intrinsic problems to the Brazilian forensic context, which foreseeing direct and suggestive questions during children testimony.
Processamento e propriedades do sistema ferroelétrico livre de chumbo (Bi, Na)TiO3 (Bi, K)TiO3 BaTiO3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Quiroga, David Antonio Barbosa; Silva Junior, Paulo Sergio da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7418621942217628; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2669823237330082
In this work, the lead-free ceramic powders of xBi0,5Na0,5TiO3 - (0,7186 - 0,7143x) Bi0,5K0,5TiO3 - (2814 - 2857x) BaTiO with x = 0,8200; 0,8625; 0,8792, 0,9126 and 0,9300 (BNBK1000x) were prepared by the solid state reaction method, followed by conventional densification. The ceramic bodies showed high density, which was higher than 95% in obtained samples. For the all ceramics were performed structural, micro structural, electric and anelastic characterizations. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the formation of the complex perovskite type crystaline structure for all compositions analyzed without the presence of spurious phases. By the structural refinement by the Rietveld method of XRD data and by Raman spectroscopy were observed that for BNBK912 and BNBK930 compositions, at room temperature, the predominant symmetry is rhombohedral (R3c), while the BNBK820 composition exhibits a tetragonal crystalline symmetry (P4mm). For the BNBK879 and BNBK826 compositions presented a mixture of phases, possibly with rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetry, reaveling the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of this system. The microstructure of BNBK1000x ceramics was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where the morphology grains with irregular sizes and shapes, where the increased levels of K+ and Ba2+ ions suppressed the growth of the grains. The characterizations by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature showed broad Raman modes, due to the chemical and/or structural disorder related to the substitution of elements Bi and Na for Ba and K. The ferroelectric characterizations at room temperature of the BNBK1000x ceramics showed that all compositions studied are ferroelectric. Through the comparison among the measurements of electrical impedance and mechanical spectroscopy, was possible to identify the different structural and electric phase transitions that were employed in the construction of a pseudodiagram of phases for the BNBK1000x compositions.
Estabelecimento de classes de estímulos equivalentes com estímulos significativos: investigando a atitude racial preconceituosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Mizael, Táhcita Medrado; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4870583403228039
Research upon attitude s formation and change using the stimulus equivalence paradigm has shown, at the same time, a potential for the formation of new classes, and a difficulty with respect to teaching new relationships when the stimuli used are familiar and socially loaded. As racial prejudice is a problem worldwide, and stimulus equivalence paradigm has proven to be useful when studying attitude s formation and change, the aim of this study was to verify, from a systematic replication, if teaching new relations to children who showed a negative racial bias towards black people could revert the pre-existing classes. The level of 54 children s bias was assessed by the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), an instrument that measures the affective experience of individuals on pictures or events. The 22 participants who had attributed to black people s pictures lower levels of pleasure compared to white people s pictures also performed a second test aimed to confirm the bias shown. The 13 participants whose negative bias towards black people was confirmed were trained to match indirectly black people s pictures with positive attributes in a matching-to-sample task. Two experimenters, a black and a white one conducted the research with different children, to evaluate possible differences in the participants performance. The performances of these children were compared in two conditions: using simultaneous or delayed matching-to-sample, analyzing 1) How many children formed the expected equivalence classes; 2) in which of the two conditions the results were more robust; and 3) if the presence of white faces as a third comparison-stimuli in a modified equivalence test caused changes in the previous responses given by the participants who responded in accord with stimulus equivalence. Two instruments, a self-report and a implicit measure were used as complementary measures of transfer of functions, to evaluate the meaning of the stimuli. Results showed no differences between delayed and simultaneous matching-to-sample, or between the experimenters in the formation of the equivalence classes. All 13 participants who demonstrated a negative racial bias showed formation of the equivalence classes experimentally planned. Of those 13 children, nine have maintained their responses on the modified equivalence test, and the group data showed transfer of function, evidenced by SAM. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the pleasure levels of white and black faces before the class formation, post-test data revealed no statistically significant differences; this was also confirmed by the results of another instrument, called Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). Future research should recruit a larger number of participants and systematically change variables such as the use of mixed training of trained relations and the review of baseline relations, in order to identify which of them may be responsible for the positive results of equivalence.
Métodos de Monte Carlo Hamiltoniano na inferência Bayesiana não-paramétrica de valores extremos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Hartmann, Marcelo; Ehlers, Ricardo Sandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4020997206928882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3110887195109056
In this work we propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach for modeling extreme value data. We treat the location parameter _ of the generalized extreme value distribution as a random function following a Gaussian process model (Rasmussem & Williams 2006). This configuration leads to no closed-form expressions for the highdimensional posterior distribution. To tackle this problem we use the Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm which allows samples from the posterior distribution with complex form and non-usual correlation structure (Calderhead & Girolami 2011). Moreover, we propose an autoregressive time series model assuming the generalized extreme value distribution for the noise and obtained its Fisher information matrix. Throughout this work we employ some computational simulation studies to assess the performance of the algorithm in its variants and show many examples with simulated and real data-sets.
Da ficcionalização da história: um estudo da metaficção historiográfica em estação das chuvas, de José Eduardo Agualusa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Lima, Danuza Américo Felipe de; Valentim, Jorge Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427303771174064; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6572687204780170
This dissertation aims to analyze the novel Estação das Chuvas, by José Eduardo Agualusa, drawing on the assumptions of postcolonial theory and poetics of postmodernism in converging points of the two reviews. The aim is to demonstrate how the narrative fictionalizes the Angola s conflicting conditions, through historiographical metafiction, discussed by Linda Hutcheon. In this case, recovering the facts during the period pre and post-independence national. Estação das Chuvas is a novel built from the dialogue between fiction and history, therefore, the author turns to the past proposing its reconstruction under a critical bias about the discourses and power positions. In this return, issues are addressed for the Portuguese context of post-colonialism and conflicts of the war surrounding the political independence of Angola. Related to these historical periods, the narrative engenders selfreflection on literature and the prospect about the heterogeneous national identity, multifaceted and creole. In this sense, the reading focuses to analysis the resources used in the novel for the fictionalization of history and for the rethinking of social, cultural and political contexts of Angola.
Análise quantitativa de culturas de neurônios em matrizes de microeletrodos por meio do processamento de imagens de microscopia confocal de fluorescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Mari, João Fernando; Saito, José Hiroki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582704696209050
Microelectrode arrays (MEA) are devices that allow chemical and electrical stimulation and recording of the extracellular electrical activity from entire neuronal cultures over long periods of time, such as several weeks. Some MEA models have transparent substrate, which enables the imaging of culture using optical microscopy. The images are taken from two channels: fluorescence light and transmitted light channels. In the first one, it is possible to visualize the neurons, while in the other one, it is possible to observe the microelectrodes. The objective of this work is to develop methods that enable performing quantitative analysis of the dissociated culture of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons plated on MEA by means of the processing of the images, obtained from confocal fluorescence microscopy. We proposed and developed the following methods in order to achieve this objective: (A) A method to automatically identify the microelectrodes in the transmitted light channel using circular Hough Transform and error correction based on the Delaunay triangulation; (B) the registration of a number of images taken at different parts of the MEA in order to generate a unique and high-resolution representation of the whole culture; (C) the segmentation of the neuron in 2D images taken from the fluorescence channel, composed by the steps: preprocessing, thresholding, morphological filtering, neurons occlusion correction, watershed transform and object classification; (D) 2D quantitative analysis based on the identified microelectrodes and on the segmented neurons; (E) a method for generating 3D polygonal models of the neurons from the volumetric images, to be used for visualizing the culture on the MEA by different points of view and zoom levels; and (F) 3D quantitative analysis performed by the processing of the polygonal surfaces in conjunction with the information about the microelectrodes positioning. The results show that the methods are capable to identify the neurons and microelectrodes on the 2D images efficiently. In the 3D images, the preprocessing step which uses information from the 2D segmentation method, showed to be capable to generate correct polygonal models efficiently. Most of the studies involving the analysis of neuron cultures on MEAs consider only qualitative analysis or simple quantitative measures. However, the methods proposed in this thesis enables to obtain important measures related to the neuron culture, such as: the density and morphology of the neurons, and the spatial and topological distribution of the neurons and microelectrodes. The information about neuron morphology is important because they are related to the behavior of this kind of neuron. The spatial and topological distribution of neurons and microelectrodes are used for providing models of the interface between these elements, for supporting the analysis of the electrophysiological signal recorded by the microelectrodes, as well as in the computational simulations of the neuron culture behavior.
A comunidade zooplanctônica de rios amazônicos na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica de Santo Antônio do Madeira, RO: diferentes abordagens no monitoramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Silva, Lidiane Cristina da; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0980251001185976
The growing world interest for the Amazon region has risen up the most diverse issues. Among these are those of ecological importance, to promote the conservation and maintenance of natural resources of the region. It was intended to, in this study, analyze the structure of the zooplankton community and its spatial distribution and temporal patterns on the Madeira River and tributaries in the area of influence of the Santo Antônio HPP, before, during and after their deployment, to verify the occurrence possible changes. Quarterly samplings were carried out for four years for the physical and chemical variables and zooplankton. The zooplankton community structure varied widely depending on the hydrological events, but was little changed after filling the reservoir probably because the HPP be of the run-of-river type. Changes in the density of zooplankton were lower than those observed in large accumulation reservoir previously built in the Amazon. However there have been changes in the proportions of biomass of different zooplankton groups. Whereas the functional approach, in all analyzed rivers was observed that before the filling had greater selection of r strategists and smaller species and after filling greater numbers of functional groups coexisted. In relation to the components of diversity, greater evenness values were recorded in the last years of sampling. For other functional and taxonomic indices (richness, Shannon, FDis and FEev), differences related to impoundment on the Madeira River were not verified. Considering the approach of surrogates, the amounts recorded for analysis of concordance between the zooplankton community groups and also among the taxonomic classification levels were low significance, which prevents them from being used separately in biomonitoring studies in the region. We conclude that the Madeira River and its tributaries have high zooplankton diversity and until the moment the changes in the community were low, presumably by maintaining the short residence time. The results show that different approaches, both functional as taxonomic, evaluated together, can be a great step toward understanding the relationship between environmental standards, management practices and production of ecosystem services.
Relação família e escola: programa para profissionais pré-escolares de alunos público alvo da educação especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Borges, Laura; Cia, Fabiana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4828937301601338
Various studies show benefits of family-school relation on development and performance of students that are target audience of special education (TAEE) especially on early childhood education. However, they also show lack of information and training of school professionals to establish such relation with families. Considering such needs, an intervention program was implemented aiming to offer means to favor family-school relation of preschool TAEE students. This study aimed to: (a) identify possible opinion switch of school professionals regarding families , families of TAEE students and family-school relation after attending an intervention program; (b) analyze family-school relation during school professionals attendance in the program and (c) assess structure and social validity of the program. Data collection occurred during the program offered to seven preschool professionals of municipal schools who taught TAEE students. The intervention was held in the university dependencies and comprised nine 2-hour meetings totaling 18 hours. To achieve proposed goals, participants filled in: (a) an identification questionnaire; (b) pre and posttest focal group guides and (c) an intervention program evaluation. Participants also registered contacts made with TAEE students relatives in a biweekly field journal. Content analyses were made with data obtained in focal groups and field journals. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were made with data obtained via program evaluation. Results indicate that participants presented conceptual change regarding proposed topics after attending the program. Participants opinions and perceptions were improved and regarded more positive aspects with reduced frequency of references to demands, stigma, guilt and negative comments towards families. They also cited more aspects related to family involvement and its benefits to students development. Regarding practical relation between participants and TAEE students relatives, no significant changes in quantity, frequency and duration were observed in a general analysis, although positive changes were observed in some cases such as the insertion of topics that are more positive, pleasant, and that evidence progress in students behavior/development/performance, changes in participants evaluation regarding meetings productivity and relatives posture during the intervention, and the withdrawal of barriers and harmful factors to the relation. Regarding program evaluation, positive aspects were (a) manner and strategy used to contact relatives and (b) contributions to the establishment of family-school relation. In addition, participants unanimously reported (a) satisfaction with day, quantity and frequency of meetings, (b) that the program aided their teaching practice, and (c) that they would refer the program to a colleague. Lastly, six participants reported change in their relation with TAEE sutdents relatives. In conclusion, the program reached favorable results to family-school relation in this context and may have its results used to support further research and intervention.
Processamento e propriedades do sistema ferroelétrico (Li,K,Na)(Nb,Ta)O3 dopado com CuO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-09) Zapata, Angélica Maria Mazuera; Zambrano, Michel Venet; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1830376229286038; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7995302836049658
The search for new lead-free piezoelectric materials has been a major goal of many scientists in recent years. The main cause is the replacement of widely used lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based ceramics due to the highly toxic characteristics of the lead element. Potassium sodium niobate based ceramics have shown high piezoelectric coefficients and a morphotropic phase boundary close to the composition (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN), similar to that found in lead zirconate titanate. However, the preparation of highly dense KNN based ceramics is extremely difficult. In this work, the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of lead free ferroelectric ceramics with compositions Li0,03(K0,5Na0,5)0,97Nb0,8Ta0,2O3 + xwt% CuO (x = 0; 2 and 3.5) were studied. All the compositions, sintered at 1050ºC for 2 hours had high density, approximately 95% of the theoretical value. Rietveld refinement of the X ray diffraction patterns showed a mixture of both orthorhombic Bmm2 and tetragonal P4mm phases, for all compositions. Nevertheless, compositions with high CuO contents have mainly the tetragonal phase. Dielectric and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements showed two polymorphic phase transitions with increasing temperature. Both phase transitions have diffuse character and they can be related with the transformation of the orthorhombic phase fraction in the tetragonal one, and with the transformation of the tetragonal ferroelectric phase to a cubic paraelectric one. The origin of the difference observed between the temperatures where both techniques, dielectric and mechanical, see the diffuse phase transition is discussed. The ceramic with 2wt% of CuO is electrically softer than the other compositions and it has the highest value of the piezoelectric coefficient d31. Also, in this work we studied the possibility of using high contents of CuO to promote the formation of liquid phase for obtaining and extracting single crystal seeds, which can be used for the texture of KNN-based ceramics. The ceramic Li0,03(Na0,5K0,5)0,97Ta0,2Nb0,8O3 + x wt% CuO with x=16, sintered at 1090ºC for 2 hours, is a perfect candidate for extracting grains which may be used as seeds. Furthermore, ceramics with x=13, sintered at 1110ºC for 2 hours, showed a partial melting of the material, which caused the growth of highly oriented grains. This material can be practically considered as a single crystal and, with a proper cut procedure, the desired single crystal seeds can be obtained. This method to obtain single crystal seeds, as proposed in this work, is very simple and novelty.