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Eficiência da adubação de cobertura com ureia revestida por polímeros na cultura do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-03) Barros, Camila Estevam de; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1481726340211125
One of the most important aspects maize cultivation is the management of fertilization, in order to achieve maximum efficiency in the use of nutrients offered with fertilizers. Nitrogen (N) is the most required nutrient by maize. The source and the form of application of N can influence its use by the culture, since N is subject to important routes of loss, such as leaching, denitrification and, above all, volatilization. The fertilizer industry has invested in new manufacturing technologies, such as polymer-coated urea, which reduce the potential for loss and increase the efficiency of nutrient use by plants. The objective of this work was to compare conventional N fertilizers (common urea and ammonium sulphate) with an innovative source of N, provided with protective technology to minimize losses of the element, regarding the supply of N in topdressing fertilization to maize crop and the effects on plant biometry and soil fertility attributes. Conventional cultivation of maize, AG 8061 PRO 2 hybrid, took place in a dystrophic Oxisol, considering a high response to N and expected productivity of 8 to 10 t ha-1. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in a completely randomized design, with 5 replicates and 4 treatments with N in the topdressing fertilization: T0 - control; T1 - ammonium sulfate; T2 - polymer-coated urea; T3 - common urea. At 150 days after planting, biometric evaluations of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves above the ear, dry weight, productivity, weight per ear, and mass of a thousand grains were performed. Macro and micronutrients contents were determined on the diagnostic leaf for evaluation of the nutritional status of maize. At the end of the experiment, chemical analysis for soil fertility purposes, including N, was performed. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant by the F test (p<0.05), were evaluated by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The use of different sources of N did not influence the biometric and productivity parameters of the maize crop and the leaf contents of K, S and micronutrients. Leaf contents of N, Ca and, Mg were higher in maize plants fertilized with ammonium sulfate. Plants that received common urea showed higher P leaf levels. Leaf levels of P, K, S, Cu and Zn were insufficient, regardless of treatment. The N source did not cause changes in soil attributes, except for the Ca content and the cation exchange capacity, which were higher in the plots fertilized with common urea. Contrary to expectations, the N source did not cause changes in soil pH and residual N. Polymer-coated urea did not promote improvements in the biometric and productivity parameters of the maize crop and in the soil attributes, exhibiting performance similar to the conventional N fertilizers.
Categorias funcionais da avifauna em resposta à estrutura da vegetação de áreas ripárias em restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-03) Batisteli, Augusto Florisvaldo; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2107797655834765
Through the last decades, forest remnants were widely converted in crops and pastures, but the reintroduction of native trees offers the perspective of forests ecosystems restoration. This study aimed to investigate the recolonization by birds in riparian restored and reference sites, evaluating the effects of vegetation structure on avifaunal functional categories. We estimated vegetation structure by grass cover, tree density, total basal area, crown depth, height and diameter at breast height of each individual. We classified bird species by diet, foraging strata, nest height, dependence of cavities for nesting and forest dependence. To assess which characteristics were influenced by vegetation structure, we conducted canonical correspondence analysis, using as independent variables the three first axis of principal component analysis of vegetation variables, respectively related to canopy height, crown depth and stratification. We recorded 53 bird species in 326 registers. The avifauna of reference sites were richest and more diverse in all bird taxonomic descriptors. Canopy height influenced avifauna in relation to diet, foraging strata and forest dependence, and combinations of these functional traits also were affected by canopy height and crown depth. Species related to most open sites were granivorous or generalists with low forest dependence. Understory bird species occurred mainly in intermediate stages of vegetation growth, presenting middle forest dependence and more restrict diet. Insetivorous birds with high forest dependence characterized reference sites, with tallest vegetation. Our results emphasized the importance of considering functional traits of bird species on planning and evaluating recolonization of restored sites by birds. Considering the effects of riparian vegetation structure on bird assemblages, we suggest that reintroduction of plant life-forms other than trees for restoration purposes can accelerate both bird taxonomic and functional diversity across recolonization process.
Formação de professores de língua inglesa, reformulações curriculares e resoluções governamentais: um estudo meta analítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-03) Donadio, Luis Felipe Pereira dos Santos; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1226583051013296
The English Language teacher education has undergone profound changes in recent years. A determining factor for these changes was the creation of the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) by the National Council of Education of the Ministry of Education in order to underpin the development of the curricula of these courses. This research focuses on the analysis of the consequences in the implementation of the DCN for degree courses in language and literature, specifically English language teachers education courses in the process of reformulating their curricula in order to have them aligned to the determinations in the governmental document. For the verification of these consequences articles, dissertations and theses from 2003 (one year after the publication of DCN) to 2014 were analyzed. The chosen research methodology was the qualitative meta-analysis, which allows, with the use of systematic review, to objectively select the works to be analyzed in order to find answers to the research questions. Initially 163 works were selected and, after the systematic review, 12 of these remained for the final analysis. The analysis of these studies indicates that the English language teachers education scenario presents many challenges in the relationship between the proposals of the State and its practical application in the formulation and administration of the curriculum of English language teacher education courses.