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Análise do manejo das águas pluviais no município de São Carlos : estudo da bacia do córrego Santa Maria do Leme
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Pelissari, Mario Henrique Dias; Cordeiro, João Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7715521182341803
A major challenge of Brazilian municipalities is to harmonize urban growth with the provision of public service. São Carlos, a municipality in the State of São Paulo also tries to solve this issue. The lack of urban planning coupled with the absence of occupation control measures promotes the soil sealing, which is responsible for the flooding in the valley bottoms. Considering this scenario, the object of study of this dissertation is the creek watershed Santa Maria do Leme. This watershed, even undeveloped, suffers with the occurrence of flooding in the region of its mouth. The aim of this study was to identify the main factors that contribute directly or indirectly with the flooding in the watershed. To this end, the following analyzes were performed: chronological analysis of the evolution of the runoff coefficient and the design flow by Rational Method ; analysis of velocity and capacity of flow in urban crossings; and analysis of the main legal instruments and the direct actions of the municipality in the management of urban drainage. The results indicate a problematic assessment of the region. Were analysed six crossings and only two have enough transport capacity for the flow of current project, and the municipal Master Plan indicates the region free of this basin as a potential area of urban expansion, a fact that may further aggravate the problems.
Desenvolvimento de metodologias para identificação molecular do HPV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Rocha, Bruno Garcia; Oliveira, Marcos Antônio de; Matheucci Junior, Euclides; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5676405845397797
The Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) is a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) very common in the world. It infects the human epithelium may persisting of asymptomatic form or causing some neoplasia. Many studies report the association between HPV and many kinds of cancer such as: lap utero, anus, penis, vagina and vulva. According to INCA data for the year of 2016 are expected 16.340 new cases of lap utero cancer, being the second most frequent case in the female population in Brazil. For the recognition of the virus, there`s a lots of tracking methods, as morphological test (pap test), that observes cytopathic effects caused by the virus on human cells, suggesting the existence of infection, however this type of test presents low results and has shown high taxes of false negative and positive results. To overcome this problems, countless studies has shown the effect of molecular techniques utilization to increase the sensibility and especially, getting recognize and genotyping the HPV virus. On this recent studies, were tested distinct molecular techniques for typing the HPV virus, as Conventional PCR followed by Sanger Sequencing , Real time PCR (SYBRGreen® e Taqman ®) and Sequencing of New Generation. Altogether were collected 318 samples pf cervix grated, and from this material were collected the DNA using an adapted protocol (POWELL; GANNON, 2002). Using the conventional PCR technique followed by Sanger Sequencing we obtained 65 positives samples for the HPV(21%), in 49 samples(75,3%) it was possible to identify the HPV type, in the other 16 samples(24,7%) it was not possible the identification, probably because the infection was formed for two or more types of the virus. With the real time PCR technique using SYBRGreen®, were accomplished an experimente with 30 samples, which was possible to confirm the results in 28 of it, using Sanger Sequencing. In two samples the results are not confirmed, being possible to positive the sample, showing high sensibility of the real time PCR technique. The methodology of New Generation Sequencing (NGS) it showed useful for HPV identification, being one of the first studies published for routine use. And it has great prospects because besides HPV can identify other microorganisms in the sample and quantifies them as well.
Percepções, atitudes e expectativas de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre usuários de drogas e seu processo de cuidado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Batista, Karen; Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6945435487560109
The Ministry of Health's policy for integral care to drug users calls for social integration and the promotion of autonomy of these subjects through place-based approaches and community with the participation of users and families in the care process, and social control assistance. The competent care model for this is the Family Health Strategy (FHS), which includes the Community Health Workers (CHW). These CHW are professionals who mediate between the community and the health team in the care process. To support the qualification of these professionals to care for people who use licit and illicit drugs, we investigated the perceptions of the same on these users through a qualitative research previously approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the Federal University of São Carlos, SP. To identify the CHW with experience in the care of people who use drugs to the interviews, the quantified experience of each one through a window specifically for this, applied to the total of 43 of these professionals working in health teams family under the single Family Health Support Centers of Rio Claro, SP, at the time of the study. Interviewing the CHW in descending order of the scores given by the experience rating indicator of each was obtained saturation of findings at the end of the tenth semi-structured interview. In light of the theoretical framework of the clinic of the subject and the integral care, we analyzed the speeches of the interviewed by thematic categories. The findings suggested a predominance of moralizing perceptions about the use and on and drug users, understanding these people as devoid of reason, requiring police intervention, legal or repressive nature of health. Against the Psychiatric Reform and social rehabilitation, there was institutionalization of expectations and an outsourcing of care, although at times the CHW own question the effectiveness of practices based on hospital-centric psychiatry. Overall, it was found that there are still actions based on common sense and lack of access to technical and scientific information that are reflected in disparaging view of the user and discomfort in dealing with them. Initiatives of a comprehensive care, which considers and promotes the autonomy of the subject were found in a few moments; significant of them understood as impact of its participation in the Care Pathways course, offered by the Ministry of Health to improve care to drug users under the ESF. Such a course has shown as the only training that CHW received on care to drug users. It was concluded that still prevails a stigmatizing view by CHW about who uses drugs, from a still lay understanding of the matter. However, there is provision of these professionals qualify this view and address the problem of use and drug users in the community in which they operate. Therefore, the development of matrix support spaces and regular Continuing Education projects for CHW and other Family Health Strategy professionals is appropriate to have such discussions and qualify the care of drug users.
Síntese e desempenho de catalisadores com estrutura do tipo pirocloro para produção de gás de síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Ramon, Adriana Paula; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6638732964385112
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising process in syngas generation with low molar H2/CO ratio. Syngas production is of great interest for many processes, such as obtaining liquid fuels by Fischer-Tropsch. The main problem in DRM is the large formation of carbon depositions over the catalyst. Catalyst with pyrochlore structure, A2B2O7, presents uniform distribution of active metals into the lattice, resulting in a dispersed metal with good interaction with surface, reducing metal sintering and deactivation by carbon deposition. In this work, Zr was partially substituted by Ni, Co and Ru on the B site of La2Zr2O7 and Ni was added on the B site of La2Ce2O7 and La2Sn2O7. All the catalysts were prepared by a modified Pechini method. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction with H2, fluorescence X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopic. The catalytic activity was tested in temperatures from 500 to 800°C, at intervals of 50°C. The catalysts containing Ce and Sn in the B site were not active in the dry reforming of methane, neither the catalyst containing Co and Zr in the B site. During stability runs, it was observed that LaZrNi was not stable, presenting rapid deactivation. The containing Ru catalysts were most active that the Ni ones. The results in this study indicate that oxides with pyrochlore structure are promising to catalyze dry (CO2) reforming of methane, they proved to be active even with Ni and Ru content very low at the catalyst surface.
Estudo da autonomia pessoal de usuários em início de tratamento por uso de drogas ilícitas no centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Silva, Adriano André da; Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035; Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8751575820168702
The biopsychosocial phenomenon of drug use becomes a challenge to the health promotion because of the multitude of factors involved; among them, the subject's autonomy. Aiming to identify and understand a set of aspects related to personal autonomy for the use and search for treatment because of disorders related to use of illicit drugs, we used the clinicalqualitative Method and interpretive interactionism to investigate the people's autonomy in the beginning of the treatment at CAPS- AD São Carlos, SP. The data obtained through nondirected interviews done with ten of these subjects were organized into thematic categories, which the content analysis showed that some people had a voluntary action, both for the drug use and for the search for treatment. However, others did not recognize their volitional intention for drug or had their self-care autonomy impaired. On the other hand, it was observed that the reflection about the use condition itself seems to move people to search for treatment. Therefore, it is important to consider that the subject's autonomy is crucial for both the determination by the use of drugs and for seeking treatment and self-care, although it may be impaired in some circumstances. This implies that the treatment project for the care of people who use illegal drugs need to consider the reflections and decisions of the subject itself about their living conditions and the maintenance of the use factors, as well as the possibility of choice and improved quality of life.
Fabricação de biossensor óptico de glicose em alumina anódica porosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Ferro, Letícia Mariê Minatogau; Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5881132977859625
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) has been used as platform for the manufacture of optical sensors. Itshows chemical resistance, thermal stability, hardness, biocompatibility, high surface area which facilitates interaction with the analyte and good morphological organization with the possibility to manipulate its pore size. Furthermore, PAA shows optical responses characterized by Fabry-Pérot interferences that can be obtained by photoluminescence and reflectance spectroscopy. Besides the surface of the AAP can be modified by Layer-by-Layer technique (LbL) in order to enhance optical sensors. Changes in Fabry-Pérot interferences can be monitored and analyzed as sensor responses. In this work, LbL film were deposited using hydrochloride polyallylamine (PAH) and glucose oxidase (GOx) for the purpose of manufacturing an optical biosensor for glucose detection. A protective bilayer of PAH and poly (vinyl sulfonic acid) (PVS) was assembled. The growth of the films were monitored by photoluminescence and total reflectance techniques. In addition, biosensor tests were carried out by immersing PAA in glucose solutions with different concentrations in order to check for changes in Fabry-Pérot oscillations. Analyzing the results, orderly growth of LbL film and biosensor response were verified. Results of the biosensor test were characterized by displacements of Fabry-Pérot interferences to shorter wavelengths and by multivariate analysis. Limit of detection determined by qualitative analysis of the Fabry-Pérot oscillations was 0.1 mol.L-1 to both PAA without surface modification and modified PAA. By using partial least squares (PLS) regression, it was possible to determine glucose from 0.1 mol.L-1 with PAA without modification and 0.01 mol.L-1 for PAA with LbL film. Furthermore, it was also verified the viability of using chemometrics to examine Fabry-Pérot interferences obtained with the PAA as an alternative method shown in the literature, which involves concepts of Fabry-Pérot equation.
Análise e modelagem da síntese enzimática de galacto-oligossacarídeos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Schultz, Guilhermina; Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6565060554031053
Galactooligosaccharides are indigestible oligosaccharides with recognized prebiotic capacity. They can be synthesized enzymatically from lactose-rich substrates using the β-galactosidase enzyme by means of a kinetically controlled reaction in which they are intermediates (synthesis) in the hydrolysis reaction. The predominance of synthesis on the hydrolysis depends mainly on the concentration of lactose and origin of β-galactosidase, but it also depends on other factors, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and water activity. Apart from pure lactose, other substrates with high concentration of lactose may be used, such as whey and whey permeate. The objective of this research was to study the enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose and whey permeate using free β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis to reach mathematical models that enable the use computational tools for process optimization. A rotational central composite design to verify the influence of pH, temperature and ionic strength in the initial rates of hydrolysis and synthesis, selectivity and total enzyme activity was used. Lactose (pure or present in whey permeate) were used as substrate (220 g/L) and the reactions were conducted in a potassium phosphate buffer (various concentrations) in the presence of cofactors (10 mM NaCl, and 1.5 mM MgCl2). The results showed that, within the studied region, both rates, of synthesis and hydrolysis using lactose or permeate, increase with temperature increase and pH decreases. Selectivity is maximized by increasing pH. Stability analysis of β-galactosidase Kluyveromyces lactis was also addressed. These tests were performed in presence of cofactor, incubating the enzyme in potassium phosphate buffer. The temperature was varied from 35 to 45 ° C (pH 7 and 50 mM), pH 6 to 8 (35 ° C and 50 mM) and ionic strength 25 to 200 mM (35 ° C and pH 7) and samples were collected over time. Among tested models, what best fits the experimental data is the reversible inactive intermediate model. However, this model could not predict behaviors such as those obtained when using 25, 100 and 200 mM. Fitting of kinetic models for GOS synthesis were made by nonlinear regression. Experimental data of different GOS synthesis assays employing lactose and whey permeate as substrates was used. The results showed that a simple model (which does not take into account the formation of galactobiose) does not fit the experimental data. Recent model proposed in the literature that takes into account such training, fits the data, but it has a problem of phenomenological inconsistency. The model proposed in this work fit the experimental data and does not show inconsistencies in the balance of glucose residues per galactose. Moreover, the model allows the estimation of GOS fraction formed only by galactose, which allows to discriminate disaccharides into galactobiose (having prebiotic properties) and lactose.
Existência de atrator para problemas com operadores monótonos e dominados pelo p-Laplaciano com difusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Couto, Thays Regina Santana; Carbone, Vera Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8281633043632854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2451692263315560
This work is about the upper semicontinuity of the family of global attractors associated to nonlinear reaction diffusion equations whose principal part is determined by maximal operator monotonous governed by degenerate p-Laplacian in which the diffusion d blows up in localized regions inside the domain.
Envolvimento da neurotransmissão endocanabinóide no núcleo leito da estria terminal nas respostas autônomas desencadeadas pelo estresse de restrição agudo em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Souza, Lucas Gomes de; Crestani, Carlos Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6248063137017709
The endocannabinoid neurotransmission has been reported as an important neurochemical mechanism involved in behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Previous studies provided evidence of endocannabinoid release in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during aversive stimuli. Nevertheless, a possible involvement of this neurochemical mechanism in stress responses has never been evaluated. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the involvement of endocannabinoid neurotransmission within the BNST, acting via local CB1 receptor, in cardiovascular responses evoked by acute restraint stress in rats. We found that microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1, 30, and 100 pmol/100 nL) into the BNST enhanced the heart rate increase caused by restraint stress, without affecting the arterial pressure increase and the sympathetic-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction response. Conversely, increase in endogenous levels of anandamide in the BNST evoked by local treatment with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor URB597 (30 pmol/100 nL) decreased restraint-evoked tachycardia. Inhibition of the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the BNST by local microinjection of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enzyme inhibitor JZL184 (30 pmol/100 nL) also decreased the HR response to restraint. Effects of BNST treatment with either URB597 or JZL184 were inhibited by local pretreatment with the CB 1 receptor antagonist AM251. These findings indicate an involvement of BNST endocannabinoid neurotransmission, acting via CB1 receptor, in cardiovascular adjustments during emotional stress. Furthermore, present findings provide evidence that this control may be mediated by local release of either anandamide or 2-AG.
Envolvimento do receptor de angiotensina II tipo 1 nas alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pelo estresse crônico : comparação entre estressores homotípicos e heterotípicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Ferreira, Willian Costa; Crestani, Carlos Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1826719696228199
Emotional stress has been recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the etiology of cardiovascular dysfunctions evoked by stress are still poorly understood. Thus, in the present study we investigated the involvement of angiotensin II acting in the type 1 receptor (AT1) in cardiovascular dysfunctions evoked by chronic stress in rats. For this, we compared the effect of chronic treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartana (30mg/kg/day, p.o.) in the cardiovascular and autonomic changes following 10 days exposure to chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic stressor) and repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic stressor). Neither RRS nor CVS affected basal values of arterial pressure and heart rate. However, RRS increased sympathetic tone to the heart and decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity, whereas CVS decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity. Both chronic stressors also impaired the baroreflex function. All alterations in autonomic activity and the baroreflex impairment were inhibited by treatment with losartan. Complementary measurements of parameters commonly analyzed in studies investigating stress effects also indicated that CVS reduced body weight gain and increased circulating corticosterone, but these effects were not affected by losartan. In fact, CVS-evoked body weight change was even higher in losartan-treated animals. In conclusion, these findings indicate an involvement of angiotensin II/AT1 receptors in autonomic changes evoked by both homotypic and heterotypic chronic stressors. Additionally, present results suggest that increased circulating corticosterone evoked by CVS is independent of AT1 receptors, while reduction in body weight gain evoked by this heterotypic stressor is facilitated by treatment with losartan.
Modelos multiestado com fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Costa, Renata Soares da; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5240818542524622
Often intermediate events provide more detailed information about the disease process or recovery, for example, and allow greater accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients. Such non-fatal events during the course of the disease can be seen as transitions from one state to another. The basic idea of a multistate models is that the person moves through a series of states in continuous time, it is possible to estimate the transition probabilities and intensities between them and the effect of covariates associated with each transition. Many studies include the grouping of survival times, for example, in multi-center studies, and is also of interest to study the evolution of patients over time, characterizing grouped multistate data. Because the data coming from different centers/groups, the failure times these individuals are grouped and the common risk factors not observed, it is interesting to consider the use of frailty so that we can capture the heterogeneity between the groups at risk for different types of transition, in addition to considering the dependence structure between transitions of individuals of the same group. In this work we present the methodology of multistate models, frailty models and then the integration of models with multi-state fragility models, dealing with the process of parametric and semi-parametric estimation. The conducted simulation study showed the importance of considering frailty in grouped multistate models, because without considering them, the estimates become biased. Furthermore, we find the frequentist properties of estimators of multistate model with nested frailty. Finally, as an application example to a set of real data, we use the process of bone marrow transplantation recovery of patients in four hospitals.We did a comparison of models through quality teasures setting AIC and BIC, coming to the conclusion that the model considers two random effects (one for the hospital and another for interaction transition-hospital) fits the data better. In addition to considering the heterogeneity between hospitals, such a model also considers the heterogeneity between hospitals in each transition. Thus, the values of the frailty estimated interaction transition-hospital reveal how fragile patients from each hospital are to experience certain type of event/transition.
“Pô, tô vivo, véio!”: história de vida e sexualidade de pessoas com deficiências físicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Oliveira, Everton Luiz de; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7506365317573233
In this study we aimed to investigate, beside people with physical disabilities, how they express their sexuality from their life stories and their impairment/disabled bodies. The Life History, being defined as one of the theoretical contributions, made it possible to establish a channel through which disabled people could relive facts, experiences and events related to sexuality, identifying ways, glances, pleasures and printed sensibilities through injured, amputated and disabled bodies. Other theoretical contributions, from the anthropological social field, especially the critical studies of disability (Disability Studies), substantiated the ways and debates in the intersection with the sexuality field. Hence, we defined the Collective Subject Discourse (DSC) as the study method, especially to encompass analysis techniques that allow gathering ideas, senses and thoughts of the same social group, projecting a single collective discourse in the light of various themes. The sample was composed of three people with physical disabilities, heterosexual men, members of an institution that provides services to people with disabilities, in a city in the interior of São Paulo state. Data collection took place through open interviews (recorded audio), without pre-established scripts and have been developed until to reach a saturation point (exhaust affairs). The meetings took place without delimitation of time or amount, varying according each participant. All interviews were transcribed, and the analysis took place based on techniques used in DSC, using their methodological approaches. The composition of the DSC enabled understanding the sexuality of people with physical disabilities as it is still regulated by policy and biomedical processes, which make pathological not only people with disabilities, but anyone who shows attraction, erotic and sexual desire by people with injured, amputated or disabled bodies. There is an urgent need to admit new aesthetic, sexual and political horizons for the physically disability, projecting the injured, amputated and disabled body as beautiful, desirable, sexy, attractive and, undeniably, delicious. Only from that aesthetic reconfiguration of disability, each and every disabled person will be accepted as a sexual and sexualized person.
Efeito da razão carbono:nitrogênio no cultivo heterotrófico de cianobactérias unicelulares e filamentosas em vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Fonte, Jéssica Cristina; Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329363278429665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9541338468836264
Several researches suggests heterotrophic metabolism in some strains of cyanobacteria, allowing its application in the development and consumption of organic molecules and nutrients in wastewater. Vinasse is the main wastewater from sugarcane processing, both in terms of composition and volume, and this presents a considerable variation in chemical composition, directly affecting their relationship carbon:nitrogen (C/N). Aphanocapsa holsatica is a unicellular cyanobacterium with proven foto-heterotrophic growth. Geitlerinema sp it is a filamentous cyanobacterium that has the ability to form aggregates, sedimenting in culture medium. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the cultivation of cyanobacteria in sugarcane vinasse adjusted with different initial C/N ratio. The experiments were firstly set up in shake flasks for screening of the C/N ratio that allowed the largest biomass production and/or carbon and nitrogen uptakes. In the C/N ratio selected, experiments were set up in a bench bioreactor, with aeration and mixing, in addition to online monitoring of pH and gases. Results showed growth of both microorganisms to the C/N ratio range tested, with high productivities in 5 and 40 and larger carbon and nitrogen removal by Geitlerinema. In the bench bioreactor, Aphanocapsa presents low oxygen demand, carbon and nitrogen removal about 25 and 18%, respectively, and a maximum specific growth rate about five times higher (0.5 h-1) obtained in the shake flasks. For Geitlerinema sp, in C/N ratio 5 presents carbon consumer first-order kinetics, enabled high removals around 85%. Experimental data indicate the feasibility of growing in both cyanobacteria vinasse in the C N ratio range from 5 to 40, with high conversion of biomass to unicellular cyanobacterium and high carbon removal for filamentous cyanobacterium.
Obtenção e caracterização de linhagem de Escherichia coli adaptada ao glicerol bruto proveniente da síntese de biodiesel por engenharia evolutiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Miranda, Letícia Passos; Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6108902722681389
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and its production generate raw glycerol (RG) as main byproduct. The use of RG as carbon source in microorganism cultivations poses as an alternative to add value and reduce the environmental impact of this residue. However, RG impurities (salts, esters, alcohol and soap) can inhibit cell growth. Techniques that aims adapting microorganisms to environments containing contaminants by adaptive evolution have been employed to overcome inhibition problems. Adaptation strategies allows imposing a certain selective pressure upon the population, favoring the appearance of mutants and selection of most beneficial mutations, which will make the cell more suited to develop itself in a hostile environment. This work employed Adaptive Evolution methodology to obtain an E. coli K12 strain adapted to RG concentrated by rotary evaporation (RGRota). Cultivations were carried out in plates (E. coli – USP strain) incubated at 37 ºC, as well as shaken flasks (E. coli – UMinho strain), kept at 37 ºC and 300 rpm, involving transfers to defined media gradually enriched with RGRota. Obtained evolved strain as well as the wild-type strain E. coli – UMinho were characterized in cultivations using 2 L, bench-scale bioreactor, equipped with monitoring and control system. During shaken flask experiments, growth was followed by optical density (OD) readings. In bioreactor cultures, samples were withdrawal to analyze cell concentration of the suspension (OD and dry cell weight), concentrations of glycerol, ethanol and organic acids (liquid chromatography), concentration of viable cells (colony forming units counting) and morphology. Cultures characterization were carried out with E. coli – USP in shaken flasks, the values of maximum specific growth rate (μmax) remained between 0.40 e 0.45 h-1 and they showed little influence of strain or media composition. These results suggest that the selected strain did not have differentiated characteristics from the wild-type strain. For E. coli – UMinho, two adaptation strategies were evaluated: successive transfer during exponential growth phase (OD = ~2.5) and during stationary growth phase (OD = ~10). In both cases cells evolved, showing increased μmax values, with more homogeneous populations being observed for adaptation conducted under the first strategy. After 26 days of adaptation, corresponding to 534 generations, an evolved strain, exhibiting μmax of 0.60 h-1 and capable of growing in medium containing 29 g/L of glycerol from RGRota was selected by the methodology of successive transfers in exponential phase. This growth rate was 27.6 % superior to that achieved by the wild-type strain (0.47 h-1). Evolved and wild-type strains were cultivated in bioreactor, containing defined medium prepared with GBRota to have 40 g/L of glycerol. The evolved one maintained μmáx of 0.61 h-1. Acetate formation was observed, with yield of 0.19 g acetate/g glycerol, which caused growth inhibition and limited biomass yield to 0.26 gbiomass/gglycerol. When the wild-type strain was cultivated in bioreactor, exponential growth started after 24 h of lag phase and it presented μmax of 0.28 h-1, biomass yield of 0,39 gbiomass/gglycerol and acetate yield of 0.19 gacetate/gglycerol. The evolved strain obtained, capable of growing in the biodiesel production residue, showed a μmax value similar to the best results reported in the literature for E. coli adaptation in pure glycerol (0.7 h-1), what demonstrates the successful application of the adaptive evolution methodology. Acetate accumulation can be reduced by Genetic Engineering techniques to manipulate metabolic pathways and this will lead to development of an industrial strain which can be employed as a platform of high value products using unrefined glycerol as substrate.
A narrativa web como espaço de encontros entre mídias, cultura e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31) Nogueira, Hellen Ovando da Camara; Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2066311922958455
In this dissertation we propose the study of the many associations conducted by the YouTube channel named Porta dos Fundos while it articulates various media formats and promotes the hybridization between serialized narrative and Brazilian traditional television humoristic shows with the intention of creating new practices, experiences and meanings of consumption, focusing on the web as its main media. Since the narrative ways proposed by Porta dos Fundos are part of an established social, cultural and political ecosystem, this research aims to investigate how that narrative acts together with this ecosystem by means of the thematic behind the sketches. To achieve this objective, we analyze the elements composing: I) the media used to exhibit the narrative (Internet); II) the aesthetics and structural components of the television makeup used while making audiovisual products to the Internet; III) the relationship between those texts and the contemporary context. Therefore, we understand Porta dos Fundos as an audiovisual piece immersed in the spirit of its time, with this research seeking to single out the many clues provided by its text that can help to grasp the social and historical environment that coexists with the narrative.