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Atividade fitotóxica de extratos foliares de Piptocarpha rotundifolia (candeia) (Less.) Baker – Asteraceae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Accarini, Raissa Barcha
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Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903098927490904
The Brazillian savanna is one of the largest vegetation with 2,036,448 km2, about 22% of the national territory. This bioma is considered a global hotspot (Mittermeier et al., 2004) and consists of three biomes: tropical fields, grasslands and dry forests (Batalha, 2011; Brasil, 2015). Cerrado flora has a high species richness with herbs, shrubs, tree and vines, totaling 12,356 species occurring spontaneously, as well as a native vascular flora (ferns and phanerogams) totaling 11,627 species (Mendonça et al., 2008) .However, the chemical potential of its plant species is still underutilized. Research plants with allelopathic activity comes against the need to introduce new alternatives in the management of agricultural pests. Studies on the biological effects of these chemical compounds represent an important tool for the development of more specific agrochemicals natural and less harmful to the environment. Piptocarpha rotundifolia (Less.) - Baker belongs to the Asteraceae family, considered the most representative of the brazilian cerrado eudicotyledons, but there are few published works that deal with potential investigations phytotoxic of this species and its secondary metabolites. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the phytotoxic potential of P. rotundifolia extracts, fractions and subfractions on target species of vegetables and weeds and the mode of action of the same. In the first step of this work, an extraction in order of increasing polarity was done and the phytotoxic potential of crude extracts was evaluated on the growth of wheat coleoptile, germination and seedling growth of mono and eudicotyledons invasive and vegetable species: wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.), guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus J.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), respectively, as well as the evaluation of the root sesame metaxylem cell growth. The acetone extract (D) was selected for the fractionation, due the mass (2370 mg) and and the inhibitory activity on the growth of wheat coleoptile good as on the germination growth indicator target species (onion and sesame) and invasive (wild poinsettia and guinea grass). This fractions and subfractions were also tested on the growth of wheat coleoptile and those who had higher incomes and inhibitory activity (D1 and D1A) were selected for the following bioguided fractioning. After, a liquid-liquid extraction was performed using the extracts 1 (hexane), 2 (ethyl acetate) and 3 (aqueous) and, among these, the extract 2 showed inhibitory activity on the growth of wheat coleoptile and also on the germination and growth of the target species, as well as significantly reduced metaxylem cell root growth of sesame seedlings. Therefore, this extract was refractionated by a countertop chromatography column, and the fraction with the highest income was denominated (2L), then refractioned. The resulting subfractions were tested only growing wheat coleoptile. To complete the survey, a chemical profile analysis was conducted using the extracts, fractions and subfractions of P. rotundifolia from both extraction methodologies, performing the ultra efficiency liquid chromatography technique, which has found a compound identified as glaucolide b and two other compounds known to the genre. Thus, the species Piptocarpha rotundifolia shown as promissing in the search of phytotoxic compounds due to their phytotoxic activity presented by their compounds.
Usos de portfólios em diferentes práticas: um olhar de uma educadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Martins, Karinne de Pádua Gonçalves
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2137111427177262
In this research we intend to analyze the meanings of the term “portfolio through the use of practices in which it is employed. The theoretical and methodological framework was based on aspects of Wittgenstein’s philosophy therapy. In an exercise to go through the uses, we undertake word descriptions portfolio present in three distinct social practices: the economy, the arts and education, selected for its higher incidence of use. Therefore this investigation was guided by the following question: Which meaning has been assigned to the word “portfolio” in different practices and educational context? The aim is to question exclusivist images and enlarge the concept in a therapeutic exercise to go through the uses of portfolios in linguistic praxis. The methodological resources were bibliographic analysis in academic texts and semi-structured interviews with teachers of municipal institutions, state and federal of networks Uberlândia (MG) teaching. Such analyses contemplate several meanings, among many others possible for the term “portfolio”.
Desenvolvimento de um processo de cultivo de células de Drosophila melanogaster S2 em biorreator com agitação induzida por ondas para produção da glicoproteína recombinante do vírus da raiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Decarli, Monize Caiado
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1145256358692742
Although effective, current vaccinations against rabies, one of the most lethal infectious diseases in the world, present security issues of administration and production costs. In this scenario, modern biotechnology has become a source of new alternatives of great interest for vaccine production. The main antigen capable of conferring neutralizing immune response against infection by rabies virus is the glycoprotein of rabies virus (RVGP), which the production by recombinant DNA technology has been developed by researchers at the Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV) of the Butantan Institute of São Paulo using various expression systems in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. One of the latest developments is S2MtRVGP-H-His cell line, obtained by stable transfection with plasmids containing cDNA from other components of RVGP and histidine tag to facilitate purification, both under control of the inducicle metallothionein promoter. This work aims to study the kinetic characteristics of cell growth and production of recombinant glycoprotein rRVGP rabies virus strain of Drosophila melanogaster S2MtRVGP-H-His, in order to evaluate the potential of a bioreactor with agitation induced by waves (Wave) for the scale-up production of rRVGP. The first stage of the study, involving batch cultures in 20 mL Schott bottle with commercial culture medium Sf900-III, allowed us to determine the optimal temperature of cultivation (28ºC), time of induction of expression (72 h), the specific growth rate ranging from 0.022 to 0,034 h-1; maximum cell density 1.82×107 cel.mL-¹ and rRVGP produced from 0.07 to 0.99 μg.mL-1. Based on these results, was started the second part of the study performed in the Single-use Wave bioreactor, involving batch cultures with 650 mL of Sf900-III, with 60% of dissolved oxygen and pH ranging without control from 6.2 to 7.0. The culture in the bioreactor showed maximum specific growth rate of 0,035 h-1, maximum cell density was 1.1×107cel.mL-¹ and RVGP produced 0.85 μg.mL-1. The production of large scale rRVGP with S2MtRVGP-H-His cells using the Wave bioreactor has shown to be viable, reproducible and with high potential to scale-up.
Efeito de três diferentes protocolos de treinamento, resistido, aeróbico e combinado, na modulação da omentina e vaspina em modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Castro, Cynthia Aparecida de
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Malavazi, Iran
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569614985704317
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
This study aims to determine the effects of three different exercise modalities (aerobic, strength and combined) on the production of the adipokines Omentin and Vaspin in obese mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To this end, male Wistar rats received a fat rich diet for 4 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg / kg) in order to induce experimental diabetes. After induction, 5 non-diabetic and 5 diabetic mice were euthanized. The remaining animals were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10): sedentary non-diabetic (SN): resistance training non-diabetic (TRN); non-diabetic aerobic training (TAN); combined training nondiabetic (TCN); sedentary diabetic (SD); resistance training diabetic (TRD); diabetic aerobic training (TAD); combined diabetic training (TCD). These groups were submitted to exercise for 12 weeks, 3 times per week. The resistance training was held at staircase with protocol until exhaustion; the aerobic training consisted in treadmill protocols of 30 min/ day reaching 20m/min; the combined training consisted in two protocols with a minimum interval of 6 hours between sessions. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. At the end of the trial period animals were euthanized by decapitation. Blood was collected as well as tissues samples of liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI), retroperitoneal (RET) and visceral (VIS). In addition, gastrocnemius muscle (GAST), brachioradialis and pancreas were removed and immediately weighed. Serum concentrations of TNF-α cytokines, IL-6, PCR, CXCL8, IL-10, IL-4 and adipokines omentin, vaspin and adiponectin were determined by ELISA; and protein expression of omentin and vaspin were done by Western blotting analysis. Results are expressed as mean and standard error, statistical comparisons were made by variance analysis, with p <0.05 being considered significant. Our results showed that the high fat diet protocol of streptozotocin with low dose was effective in inducing experimental diabetes mellitus type 2. In eutrophic groups the protocols did not change the blood glucose, but improved the lipid profile, where TRN reduced triglyceride, total cholesterol reduced TAN, TCN increased HDL-C omentin and vaspin. There are no changes in the studied adipokines by the available protocols, although inflammatory markers as IL-6 and CRP were reduced by TAN. CXCL8 values increased in the TCN group, but IL-6 and CRP values were significantly reduced. Diabetic animals, specifically TRD group had improved the lipid profile of diabetic rats. TAD group showed reduced abdominal fat deposits and RET VIS prevented the increase in blood glucose, decreased IL-6 and CRP increased circulating adiponectin and increased omentin in visceral adipose tissue. As for the TCD group it showed x increased inflammatory markers and reduced vaspin values in muscle, but there were no changes in the omentin in adipose tissue. Furthermore, omentin showed a strong positive correlation with the adiponectin and moderate negative correlation with IL-6. Thus, we conclude that diabetes induction protocol was effective. in developing the experimental type 2 diabetes; resistance, aerobic and combined training did not change omentin and vaspin values in non-diabetic rats, but improved the lipid profile and inflammation. In diabetic animals aerobic workout was effective in promoting improvement in glycemia, increasing the concentration of omentin, and decreasing inflammation, confirming that this is related to the inflammatory profile in diabetic rats.
Modelo de procedência para auxiliar na análise da qualidade do dado geográfico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-09)
Santos, Renata Ribeiro dos
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7504335002396517
The quality of the geographic data must be a relevant concern for providers and consumers of this type of data because the manipulation and analysis of low quality geographic data may result in errors, which will be propagated through the consequent data. Thus it is important to properly document the information which allows for certifying the quality of the geographic data. In order to provide a minimum amount of metadata for such purpose, this dissertation presents an approach based on the provenance of the geographic data, which corresponds to the information about the history of such data from its origin until the processes that resulted in its current state. For this purpose, a provenance model called ProcGeo was proposed, in which it was defined a minimum amount of metadata that must be considered for the analysis of the quality of a certain geographic data. Although a few works and geographic metadata standards, such as Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and ISO 19115, consider the information about the provenance in the analysis of the quality of geographic data, it´s the opinion of the author that some metadata considered important for this purpose are not adequately contemplated. In this work, the prototype of an interface called ProcGeoInter was also implemented, aiming to guarantee the completeness and correctness in the filling out of the defined metadata in the ProcGeo model as well as the visualization of their content. The validation of the ProcGeo model and of the ProcGeoInter interface were made through tests and surveys applied to providers and consumers of geographic data. As a means of comparison, the interface for filling out and visualization of metadata available by SIG Quantum GIS (plugin Metatools) was used, which implements the FGDC geographic metadata standard. The obtained results indicated that the metadata defined in the ProcGeo model helped the geographic data provider in the description of the provenance of such data, when compared to those defined in the FGDC geographic metadata standard. Through the consumer´s focus it was possible to notice that the information filled out in the metadata defined by the ProcGeo favored the analysis of the quality of the consumed data. It was clear that both providers and consumers do not possess the habit of providing or consuming the information predicted in the FGDC and ISO 19115 geographic metadata standards.
Nanofios de germânio : síntese, caracterização estrutural, propriedades elétricas e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-09)
Gouveia, Riama Coelho
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2500065916129657
The element germanium is part of the history of electronic equipment based on semiconductor from its early days with the invention of the transistor, until today with current research related to growth of germanium nanowires and their application in devices such as transistors, sensors, solar cells, etc. Different experimental methods can be used for obtaining germanium nanowires. Among these, one of the most widely used and efficient is the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, in which vapor phase germanium is adsorbed onto a liquid seed metal catalyst, usually gold, and then precipitated at the liquid-solid interface, resulting in the nanowire. Although the metal has only the catalyst function, some atoms may diffuse along the nanowires and affect their properties. Then, one of the aims of this work was to synthesize germanium nanowires by the vapor-liquid-solid method with the use of five different catalysts – gold, silver, copper, indium and nickel – and verify the influence of the metal on structural properties of the nanowires. As result of this stage it was found that is possible to obtain nanowires basically composed of single crystalline germanium with diamond structure, without apparent defects, having long-range order and with length/ diameter ratio of 103, using all the tested metals. Also in this stage it was observed that the metal catalyst had an influence on: the settings of synthesis process, such as the temperature of the heat treatment and the synthesis temperature, and consequently in the germanium oxide around the nanowires; the diameters and diameter distributions of the nanowires, that lead to phonon confinement effect in nanowires with small diameters grown using nickel. Regarding applications, the current interest in germanium is justified by some of its properties such as high carrier mobility (electrons and holes), small values of indirect (0,66eV) and direct (0,8eV) energy gaps associated with high absorption coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in visible an infrared wavelength, and a large excitonic Bohr radius which highlights quantization effects. Thus, another objective of this research was to investigate electrical and optoelectronic characteristics of the produced germanium nanowires, constructing single nanowire devices and nanowire networks devices. The results of this part showed that: all the devices presented the semiconductor behavior expected for single crystalline germanium; the metal-semiconductor contact behavior – ohmic or Schottky – depended on the synthesis temperature and for the Schottky contacts, an insulating layer on the metal-nanowire interface, probably composed by germanium oxide, caused an increasing linear dependence of the barrier height with temperature; both thermal activation mechanism as well as variable range hopping were observed in germanium nanowire network devices, since small differences in diameter or on the surface of the nanowires can change the dominant transport mechanism, due to the large surface/ volume ratio of these nanostructures; the photoconductor and the photodiode constructed with germanium nanowire network presented photo-response in a wide range of illumination power in visible and infrared light wavelengths. Finally, complementing this PhD program, the activities of science dissemination developed at the IFSP campus Sertãozinho prepared this institution for scientific research in physics and showed the first results both in physics as in the physics teaching; motivating high school and college students to continue their studies.
Identificação de indicadores de sustentabilidade no contexto da implantação da produção enxuta: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-10)
Pinho, Thiago Carlos Fernando de Moraes Garcia
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Mendes, Juliana Veiga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5692633697407656
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8782211830081470
Many researchers already discussed the efforts of organizations to improve their processes using lean practices and their concerns not only about operational and financial performance, but also about the environmental aspects of their activities. More recently, a number of sustainability indicator development processes have been initiated within large research projects that aim to design tools for sustainability. The results might be demonstrated by performance indicators and the companies and researchers are using several indicators to measure performance in relation to lean practice applications and sustainable production separately. This research aims to identify a set of indicators to measure the lean practice applications based on the sustainability “Triple Bottom Line” concept and literature review of related researches that already developed indicators to measure the performance related to both of the philosophies. Through the set of indicators identified, an analysis of selected indicators was performed in a multinational automobile company, and this case research was conducted in three different product lines, analyzing its indicators retroactively (2010 and 2011) and after the implementation of lean practices (2012, 2013 and 2014). The focus of the case research was the inter units analysis and the validation of some of the identified performance indicators for all product lines analyzed in this research as well as to verify the possibility to use the sustainable performance indicators on a lean practice application context. A major contribution of this research is the possibility of using the set of indicators (176 identified indicators) in future researches as well as assist the researchers in finding and/or proposing another theoretical framework to measure the results achieved by companies that are implementing lean production.
Caracterização dos grupos funcionais de espécies arbóreas do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-10)
Borges, Mariana Prado
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Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5174095678507738
The Cerrado is a vegetation complex characterized by climate seasonality that imposes to tree species a water stress during the dry season. Cerrado tree species are frequently classified according to the leaf deciduousness degree as deciduous, evergreen and semideciduous. The association of leaf deciduousness with functional groups is discussed in the literature. Thus, the main aim of this thesis was to test hypotheses about the existence, structure and behavior of functional groups of cerrado tree species and its coincidence with the leaf deciduousness. The characterization of the functional groups aimed to show the relationships of inter-dependencies among the crown characters and how each group responds to environmental stress. For this, we used: (1) metadata of flowering period of 92 species in different localities; (2) metadata of 15 species in the UFSCar cerrado reserve (São Carlos-SP) combined with data collected in field in the same reserve area; and (3) experimental data about climatic alterations in the cerrado, collected in filed, under natural conditions, for the years of 2013 and 2014 in UFSCar reserve. The crown traits distributed in time and space were analyzed at different statistical methods. (ANOVA, chi-square, circular statistic, Kruskal-Wallis, Permanova, scatter plot distribution, and network connectance analyses). According to our results, we concluded: (1) The existence of at least three functional groups of cerrado tree species; (2) The functional groups are in a functional that agree with the leaf phenology; (3) The leaf deciduousness is only one attribute in a list of crown traits (flowering duration, flowering peak, shoot-foliage relationships, crown architecture, shoot inclination, biomass partitioning among crown organs) distinctive of the different groups; (4) The interrelationships among the several crown traits constitutes a syndrome resulting in a distinct plant strategy to overcome the water stress in every functional group; (5) The semideciduous species present exclusive adaptive responses that allow their classification in a separate group of deciduous and evergreen.
Um novo icnotáxon de tetrápode para a Formação Botucatu, Cretáceo Inferior (Neocomiano) do Brasil: aspectos locomotoriais, preservacionais e paleoecológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-10)
Buck, Pedro Victor
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2069207952124984
Trace fossils (e.g. tracks and trackways), objects of Paleoichnology studys, represent behavioral responses of biota. They are vestiges produced by biological activity of past organisms and can be used for paleobiologicaL, paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The Botucatu Formation (Neocomian) was an immense paleoerg and is know worldwide for its ichnofossiliferous record, comprising traces of vertebrates (dinosaurs and mammal-like tracks) and invertebrates (coleoptera and arachnids). Among vertebrates, are of great importance tracks and trackways from the ichnogenus Brasilichnium Leonardi 1981, endemic of aeolian deposits and assign to mammal-like trackmakers. In the present study is described a new ichnotaxon, Brasilichnium saltatorium isp. nov., with saltatorial progression in phases, distinct and rare in fossil record, attempting to understanding locomotorial aspects and the paleoecology of the geologic unit. The new ichnotaxon show biological variation in behavioural level, and not in preservatonal level, when compared to brasilichnium elusivum, reflecting a great difference in autopodial configuration on trackways. In total, were analyzed 12 trackways, with upward and downard direction relative to the inclined plane of the paleodune. Neoichnological experiment were conducted with Meriones unguiculatus. In the experiment and in fossil trackways, autopodial dimensions are larger in downard direction due to the higher displacement of sediment, and may skew interpretations of the possible trackmaker for change the length/width ratio. Another parameter with the same observation among experiment and fossil trackways is the distance between sets of foot/hand, being greater in the downward direction due to the 4 movement dynamics. Compared to others ichnotaxa presenting the saltatorial locomotion, Brasilichnium saltatorium isp. nov. differs both in morphology of tracks and in the autopodium configuration in trackway, reiterating the new description. Regardless of the direction, the quadruped locomotion appears to be the rule, even when the marks of the hands are not printed, possibly because of the overlap of autopodia and/or production of footprints in the subsurface. Heteropody is most evident in the downward direction, however, it has a higher degree in the upward direction. Based on the study of current desserts, Brasilichnium trackmakers probably were opportunistic omnivores consumers, adopting asymmetrical locomotion to get speed. Near the São Bento Quarry, Araraquara, there must have been ephemeral ponds as a result of pluvial episodes recorded as impact craters in sandstone and the abundant ichnofauna. Such environments could support the biota of the region, enhancing the ecological relationships in these areas and forming locally productive communities.
Rede Bayesiana empregada no gerenciamento da saúde dos sistemas na computação em nuvem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-10)
Alves, Renato dos Santos
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Marcondes, César Augusto Cavalheiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4431183539132719
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1718499653531495
Cloud computing is a convenient computing model, because it allows the ubiquity with on-demand access to a set of configurable and shared features, that can be rapidly provisioned and made available with minimal effort or interaction with the service provider. IaaS is a different way to deliver cloud computing, where infrastructure servers, networking systems, storage, and all the necessary environment for the operating system to run the application are hired as services. Meanwhile, traditional companies still have doubts in relation to the transferring of their data outside of the limits of the corporation. The health of cloud computing systems is fundamental to the business, given the complexity of the systems it is difficult to ensure that all services and resources will work properly. In order to ensure a more appropriate management of the systems and services in the cloud, an architecture is proposed. The architecture has been modularized through specializing monitoring functions, data mining, and inference with Bayesian network. In this architecture are essential records of event monitoring systems and computing resources because the recorded data is mined to identify fault patterns a given system after the result of one or more events in the environment. For mining the monitoring data we proposed two algorithms, one for performing preprocessing of data and another to perform data transformation. As a data mining product obtained, data sets that were the input to create a Bayesian network. Through structural and parametric learning algorithms Bayesinas networks for each systems and services offered by cloud computing were created. The Bayesian network is intended to assist in decision making with prevention, prediction, error correction in systems and services, allowing to manage the health and performance of the most appropriate way systems. To check the compliance of the fault diagnosis of this architecture, we validate accuracy of inference of Bayesian network with cross-validation method using data sets generated by monitoring systems and services.
A cooperação internacional do Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação da Universidade de São Paulo (ICMC-USP), de 2010 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-11)
Ferreira, Luana Rufino
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Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4969751094220226
This research had the purpose of conducting a data survey of international cooperation practiced by the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science of Universidade de São Paulo, in the 2010-2014 period. Were recovered and mapped the data of international cooperation related to the following modalities: scientific production with researchers from foreign institutions; international cooperation agreements and memorandum of understanding (formal agreements); missions of foreign university professors for academic activities at ICMC-USP; missions of ICMC-USP professors for academic activities abroad foreign delegations visits at ICMC-USP (professors or staff); ICMC-USP delegations abroad (professors or staff); ICMC-USP´s undergraduate students in student exchange program; ICMC-USP´s graduate students in exchange abroad; undergraduate students from foreign institutions in exchange at ICMC-USP; graduate students from foreign institutions in exchange at ICMC-USP; foreign students enrolled in undergraduate courses at ICMC-USP (full course);Foreign students enrolled in graduate programs at ICMC-USP (full course);foreign postdocs at ICMC-USP with the purpose of analyzing how was carried out international cooperation in the ICMC. After the inventory of data, parameters were built to supply a future database of various modalities of international cooperation of the institute as a public management tool of international cooperation, in that institute.
Estoque de carbono em solos brasileiros e potencial de contribuição para mitigação de emissões de gases de efeito estufa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-11)
Cidin, Ana Carolina Martins
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Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8878812321723358
In recent years, Brazil has proposed policies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GEE). In this context, the aim of this study was to estimate the carbon stock (EC) from different Brazilian soils under different agricultural uses and propose strategies that contribute to mitigation of GEE emissions. The research was conducted in four stages: i) organization of a soil database; ii) development of a pedotransfer function (PTF) for the estimation of bulk density (DS) and evaluate the effect on estimate of EC; iii) estimation of the EC; and iv) evaluation of potential EC by Brazilian agriculture. Data from 38.456 soil samples were performed and, after standardization, they formed a database with 10.445 data samples corresponding to 5.823 data for the 0-30 cm layer. These data covered all Brazilian states, all classes of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification and nine types of land use: annual crop in no-tillage system (SPD), annual crop in conventional tillage system, perennial crop, planted forest, integrated crop-livestock (ILP) system, integrated crop-livestock-forest (ILPF) system, pasture, uncovered soil and native vegetation. Many samples had no DS record, then 12 PTF for DS estimation were developed using 974 soil samples. The performance of PTFs was assessed by R2, and in the validation, the accuracy of prediction was measured based on the mean error (ME), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the root mean squared error (RMSE). All functions overestimated DS values and one of them (PTF 5) presented the best performance. The evaluation of the estimated EC was made with 926 samples layer 0-30 cm, using observed data DS (ECobs), estimated data DS from the PTF5 (ECest) and estimated data DS from the null model (ECnull), in which the DS was given by the mean value of DS observed. Based on the calculation of ME, MAE, the RMSE and comparison with ECobs values, it was found that the ECnull values were overestimated and dispersed. It was concluded at this stage that the null model was not a reliable alternative and PTF5 was applied in 4.540 samples from 0-30 cm layer with missing DS. The estimated DS values ranged from 0,10 kg dm-3 at 1,92 kg dm-3 with a mean of 1,39 kg dm-3 and standard deviation of 0,19 kg dm-3. The coefficient of variation was less than 15% configuring a homogeneous data. It was made the EC calculation for 5.823 EC data for the layer 0-30 cm and these values were grouped by types of land use and soil types. In grouping by type of land use, the lowest EC values were observed in annual crop and native vegetation (0,10 Mg ha-1) and the largest maximum values were observed in annual crop, pasture and native vegetation, with 297,3 Mg ha-1, 259,9 Mg ha-1 and 253,6 Mg ha-1 respectively. In grouping by type of soil, it was observed that a minimum value of 0,10 Mg ha-1 in an Argisol while maxima were observed in a Cambisol (297,3 Mg ha-1) and an Argisol (265,8 Mg ha-1). Three scenarios were developed to estimate the potential increase of EC, from changes in management practices and land use. In a scenario where 18% of the areas of annual crops adopt SPD, the increase in EC was 73,6 Gg. If 15 million hectares of degraded pastures were recovered with ILP system in 20% of the area, and ILPF system in 10% of the area, the potential for increasing the EC would be 88.13 Gg. These values could represent an addition of 59,6 Gg of CO2, which could offset the 472,1 Gg CO2 emitted by the Brazilian agricultural sector in 2010, according to estimates by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. It concludes that: i) the absence of DS data, using a simple PTF is more appropriate than the use of the null model; ii) the detected errors in the estimation of DS by PTF not propagate the EC calculation; iii) the proposed changes would offset emissions from the Brazilian agricultural sector; and iv) the estimates presented highlight the role of the agricultural sector in mitigating GEE emissions.
O focus imaginarius : engano e conhecimento na crítica da razão pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Girotti, Marcio Tadeu
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4385124589465909
Starting from Kant’s statement that there is an inherent transcendental illusion in the process of knowledge, we ask: how can an illusion have a positive role? It is possible to identify a paradox, that can be, considering Kant’s statement itself, overcome by a critique of reason and by a careful reading to the positive role of the transcendental idea to the empirical knowledge. By criticizing traditional metaphysics, in the same time that he shows how illusion can stop deceiving, even imperative, Kant guarantees a role to reason on knowledge sphere, engendering the way to nature’s unity desired by reason. Kant (KrV, B 673) states that focus imaginarius is an inseparable aspect of the transcendental idea and of its empirical knowledge regulator role. Considering the existence of a transcendental idea as a figurative unity projected as focus imaginarius, our goal is to show that the reason paradox can be overcome form focus imaginarius critical metaphor, as an entity of being, featured by Kant as an analogy to the transcendental idea, that takes part of knowledge game as reason’s deprecated unity, bringing forward the very reasons objects. As this investigations exemplary moment, is seen, through reason’s antinomies example, that reasons demands a systematic unity of all knowledge, by having the transcendental idea as this unity, featured from a projection: the focus imaginarius.
Efeitos da restrição alimentar sobre marcadores bioquímicos da remodelação óssea e sobre as propriedades biométricas, biofísicas, densitométricas, bioquímicas e biomecânicas de fêmures e vértebras de ratos de diferentes idades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Biffe, Bruna Gabriele
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6088273177621006
The food restriction promotes adaptive mechanisms that have beneficial effects on diseases and longevity. Also, bone is target of effects provided by the reduction of diet intake. However, there are controversies about the responses that this intervention can result on bone quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food restriction 30% on bone parameters of femurs and vertebrae from rats of different ages. Male Rattus novegicus albinus rats, Holtzman lineage, aged 38 days, 4 and 16 months of age were used. The animals were divided into six groups (n=8-10 per group), three being control groups (C38, C4 and C16) and three groups on restricted diet (R38, R4 on R16). The control animals had free access to food and water. The restricted animals were submitted to food restriction of 30% being fed with 70% of the ad libitium consumption of the control group. The experimental period for all groups was 6 weeks. Analysis was performed in biochemical markers of formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (TRAP), and in parameters biometric (length, largest and smallest diameter of the femur, vertebral height), biophysical (wet, dry and immersed weight, and of ashes, bone volume, bone and mineral density, percentage of water, mineral and organic matter), biochemical (calcium and phosphorus content), densitometric (aDMO of the femur [all bone, proximal epiphysis, diaphysis and epiphysis distal] and the vertebra), biomechanical properties (maximum load, maximum load until fracture, displacement until fracture, femoral tenacity and stiffness; spinal maximum load, tenacity and stiffness), in addition to body mass and abdominal fat mass. The body mass and fat mass gain in restricted animals was lower than that of animals which had food ad libitium. The food restriction in animals with 38 days and 4 months of age presented decreased bone formation, while the ones with 16 months presented decreased bone resorption. Food restriction induced reduction of the biometric parameters, biophysical weights, femoral bone volume and calcium and phosphorous content in the restricted group aged 38 days. In addition, femoral length and calcium content were reduced in the restricted group aged 4 months. The restricted diet induced reduced areal density in femurs and femoral diaphyseal of 38 days rats, and increased aDMO of femoral epiphysis proximal from 16 months rats. The femoral biomechanical properties were not affected by the food restriction diet in any of the experimental groups. As regards the vertebral analysis, vertebral height, wet weight, immersed weight, bone volume and percentage of water were lower in the restricted group aged 38 days. Moreover, vertebral height was reduced in the restricted group aged 4 months. However, mineral density, percentage of mineral matter and maximum load were higher in the restricted group aged 38 days. The areal density, vertebral tenacity and stiffness were not altered by the food restriction. The food restriction diet resulted in damage to femoral bone development with remarkable loss in prepubertal rats, inconsistent alterations in young adult rats and potential benefits to bones of elderly rats. In addition, restriction had a positive influence on vertebral bone properties.
Influência dos treinamentos aeróbico, resistido e combinado sobre as propriedades físicas e biomecânicas ósseas de ratos obesos com diabetes melittus tipo 2 experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Silva, Karina Ana da
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531740978476365
Background: Obesity is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of fat and has been considered an important factor for T2DM (type II Diabetes Mellitus) development. The T2DM, a state of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is often associated to an increased risk of bone fracture. Research question: investigate if three different physical exercise protocols could protect the bone tissue in obese rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type of study: Randomized controlled study Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats (45 days age ay beginning of the experiment) were used. The animals were randomly distributed into 2 groups: control rats fed with standard diet (n=40) and rats fed palatable hyperlipidic diet. After 4 weeks of treatment to induce diabetes, high-fat diet rats received, with previous fasting, a dose of Streptozotocin 35 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally. Control rats received, with previous fasting, a dose of citrate buffer solution (1ml/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were assigned to one of the ten groups (n=10 per group): non-diabetic sedentary (CSS); non-diabetic resistance training (TRS); nondiabetic aerobic training (TAS); non-diabetic combined training (TCS), Sedentary diabetic (CSD); resistance training diabetic (TRD); aerobic training diabetic (TAD); combined training diabetic (TCD). The training procedures were realized after induction of diabetes, during 10 weeks, 3 days/week. Results: Body mass of diabetic groups was lower when compared to those groups without diabetes, in spite of greater calories consumed. Diabetic groups showed lower bone mineral content values when compared non-diabetic group. The bone mineral density was lower in TRD group. The maximal load and stiffness in diabetic groups was lower than their respective groups without diabetes. Groups with experimental diabetes present lower valuer for MMP-2 activity compared non-diabetic groups. Diabetes seems to induce reduced bone quality and the resistance training demonstrated protect the bone from it. Conclusion: Experimental diabetes mellitus type 2 affects the biomechanical properties of femurs of Wistar rats and the resistance training improve such effects.
Agrupamento de sequências de miRNA utilizando aprendizado não-supervisionado baseado em grafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Kasahara, Viviani Akemi
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Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6384693865752033
Cluster analysis is the organization of a collection of patterns into clusters based on similarity which is determined by using properties of data. Clustering techniques can be useful in a variety of knowledge domains such as biotechnology, computer vision, document retrieval and many others. An interesting area of biology involves the concept of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are approximately 22 nucleotide-long non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in gene regulation. Clustering miRNA sequences can help to understand and explore sequences belonging to the same cluster that has similar biological functions. This research work investigates and explores seven unsupervised clustering algorithms based on graphs that can be divided into three categories: algorithm based on region of influence, algorithm based on minimum spanning tree and spectral algorithm. To assess the contribution of the proposed algorithms, data from miRNA families stored in the online miRBase database were used in the conducted experiments. The results of these experiments were presented, analysed and evaluated using clustering validation indexes as well as visual analysis.
Caracterização da estrutura sócio-genética de uma população de vida livre de cachorro vinagre (Speothos venaticus) (Lund, 1842)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-14)
Barragán Ruiz, Carmen Elena
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Whereas the S. venaticus, has a wide distribution, estimated from Panama to northern Argentina, the dog vinegar is considered "near threatened" by the IUCN and "Vulnerable (VU)" by MMA. The molecular and biological data deficiency of this species is due mainly to the difficulties of capturing and observing natural environments, indicating a decline in population density of the species. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the socio-genetic structure of family groups of S. venaticus, as well as estimate of kinship and population parameters such as genetic diversity and population structure, comparing parameters of genetic diversity between representatives of nature and captivity. For this, we used 12 microsatellite genetic markers, three specific primers and nine heterologous originally described for Canis familiaris and mitochondrial marker (CR - d-loop). They were obtained 38 blood samples of these, one 23 from the sample bank of CENAP/ICMBio, samples from the municipalities of N. Xavantina and Água Boa (MT), located of north the Mortes’s river, a place with great agricultural exploitation, reducing the closed portion by human actions. The nine heterologous loci showed a PIC> 0,6. Average values of observed heterozygosity (Ho) by codominant markers indicated a deficiency in the captive population, while haplotype diversity of data were the same for both populations. Diversity of data and allelic richness when compared to both populations showed a low for the captive population. Analysis of population structure, estimated a FST 0,165 between populations. Kinship analysis, suggested that 23.8% of individuals in the population in situ. However, also point out the need to expand the number of individuals sampled and conduct a follow-up field to elucidate the issues that emerged from this study.
Alterações cardiorrespiratórias em sujeitos com distúrbios respiratórios e aumento da circunferência abdominal submetidos à sessão única de fisioterapia respiratória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-14)
Martinelli, Bruno
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7026690603304796
The knowledge about the influence of obesity on the respiratory system is complex and goes beyond the physical and mechanical effects, this is also related to autonomic, metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Obesity can overload the respiratory system through multiple mechanisms with imposition and mechanical restrictions beyond the release of circulating factors of fat storage. Respiratory therapy modifies the cardiorespiratory and thoracoabdominal mechanisms, however there is little evidence about its impact on abdominal obesity. Thus, this thesis consisted of two studies. The first study was titled by "Cardiorespiratory responses according to measurement of abdominal circumference (AC) in men with obstructive ventilatory disturbance undergoing chest physical therapy". The aim of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory effects among men with obstructive ventilatory disturbance according to the measure of AC submitted to respiratory physiotherapy. Twenty-six men with predicted Forced expiratory volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity <70% were divided into 2 groups according to the AC (cm): <102 (ACwithout_risk) and >102 (ACrisk). The heart rate variability (HRV), peripheral oxygen saturation, blood pressure, lung volumes and flows, maximum expiratory pressure were measured at rest, immediately after physiotherapy intervention - which consisted of breathing exercises for airway clearance, active kinesiotherapy to lower and upper limbs, and after 30 minutes. The obese had higher age, anthropometric measurements and lower thoracoabdominal amplitude index. After the intervention they showed a higher percentage of inspiratory capacity, heart rate variability and diastolic blood pressure. Concluding, abdominal obesity limits thoracoabdominal expansibility and modifies the diastolic blood pressure, but the respiratory therapy promotes improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation and eutrophic subjects benefit more to respiratory and cardiac measures. The second study was titled by “Cardiorespiratory repercussions of the only chest physical therapy in subjects with abdominal obesity and restrictive pulmonary disorders”. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the cardiac and respiratory effects among men with restrictive lung disease according to the AC undergoing a respiratory physiotherapy. Twenty-six men with predicted Forced Vital Capacity <80% were divided into 2 groups according to the AC (cm): <102 (ACwithout_risk), and >102 (ACrisk). The HRV, peripheral oxygen saturation, blood pressure, lung volumes and flows, maximum expiratory pressure were measured at rest, immediately after physiotherapy intervention - which consisted of breathing exercises for pulmonary expansion, active kinesiotherapy to lower and upper limbs, and after 30 minutes. The obese had higher measures of systolic blood pressure, slow vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, maximal expiratory pressure and expiratory flow rate at the 50% relative to the total volume; and the heart rate variability increased only after the intervention. Concluding, the men with restrictive respiratory disorder are benefited by respiratory physiotherapy improving heart and respiratory variables independently of the AC, however the sympathovagal modulation is modified only immediately after the intervention. As a general conclusion, it became clear that the subjects with abdominal obesity, independent of the associated respiratory disorders, had restrictive respiratory limitations caused by the adipose tissue and compensatory increase in inspiratory capacities, but these subjects tend to benefit from chest physical therapy intervention with increase of the HRV and others cardiac and respiratory measures, but to a lesser extent than the subjects with lower abdominal circumference. Spirometry measurements performed slowly and favoring the inspiration allow greater gain by the obese. However, the systemic arterial blood pressure levels are changed or rise, that may represent evidence of cardiovascular complications. Continue to investigate these relations, including in the long term, it will be one of the possibilities of the later studies.
A reavaliação da doutrina das unidades no Preface to Shakespeare (1765) : o prenúncio da ruptura com o Ancien Régime
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Castro, Diego de
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3895196547774076
The objective of this dissertation is demonstrate by means of a dialectical reading of Preface to Shakespeare (1765) by Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), that the reassessment of the doctrine of the units (action, time and place) no solely unveil the breaking of the English literary criticism with the classical aesthetic but the sign of a deep breaking of the English capitalist society from the eighteenth century with Ancien Régime. The issue (the reassessment of the doctrine of the units) consists in the defense that Johnson does in favor of Shakespeare's plays against the censures of other neoclassical critics, these influenced by French classicism. The defense that English critic undertook in favor of the English poet‘s dramas against the reproaches of neoclassical critics anticipated the rupture of the English criticism with the classical aesthetic. The proposal is treating of the literary and philosophical aspects involved in the chief theme, at last to amplify the horizon of reading through of the notions of structure of feeling by Raymond Williams (1977) and political unconscious by Jameson (1992).
Qualidade microbiológica do leite humano cru e pasteurizado em banco de leite humano na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Oliveira, Claudete de
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9792669900889947
The Human Milk is considered the most complete food for the newborn, to promote the collection and distribution with certified quality, the Ministry of Health in the public policy scenario promotes breastfeeding and expansion of the Brazilian Network of Human Milk Bank which was created to ensure certification and the quality of human milk from collection to distribution, it is responsible for the selection, physicochemical and microbiological evaluation, providing an innocuous product and respecting their role as food. To contribute to the scientific evidence this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of samples of human milk from milk bank in São Carlos / SP, through analysis and quantification in petri dishes by solid culture of mesophilic, psychrophilic, thermophilic, Staphylococcus spp. filamentous fungi and leveduriform and most probable number (MPN) of total and fecal coliforms through presumptive test and confirmatory, as well as verification of physical-chemical parameters of pH, acidity ° Dornic and energy content (K) correlating the variables in the microbiological quality by descriptive statistical analysis and linear correlation Pearson. Of the 29 analyzed samples and unfit for consumption, revealed the presence of 17.24% of psychrophilic, 27.59% of thermophiles, 55.17% of mesophilic, 41.38% of filamentous fungi and leveduriform absence of Staphylococcus spp, for coliform group was the presence of 82.76% presumptive phase and 54.16% for total coliforms and 33.33% for fecal coliforms in the confirmatory phase, pH values and K showed no variation, as for acidity was microbial growth between 3 ° to 15 ° Dornic, the correlation of physical and chemical variables was detected. The results presented in analyzes suggest that was deficient in good manufacturing practices, impairing the microbiological quality of human milk.