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A cooperação internacional do Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação da Universidade de São Paulo (ICMC-USP), de 2010 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-11)
Ferreira, Luana Rufino
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Rigolin, Camila Carneiro Dias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2388584081961836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4969751094220226
This research had the purpose of conducting a data survey of international cooperation practiced by the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science of Universidade de São Paulo, in the 2010-2014 period. Were recovered and mapped the data of international cooperation related to the following modalities: scientific production with researchers from foreign institutions; international cooperation agreements and memorandum of understanding (formal agreements); missions of foreign university professors for academic activities at ICMC-USP; missions of ICMC-USP professors for academic activities abroad foreign delegations visits at ICMC-USP (professors or staff); ICMC-USP delegations abroad (professors or staff); ICMC-USP´s undergraduate students in student exchange program; ICMC-USP´s graduate students in exchange abroad; undergraduate students from foreign institutions in exchange at ICMC-USP; graduate students from foreign institutions in exchange at ICMC-USP; foreign students enrolled in undergraduate courses at ICMC-USP (full course);Foreign students enrolled in graduate programs at ICMC-USP (full course);foreign postdocs at ICMC-USP with the purpose of analyzing how was carried out international cooperation in the ICMC. After the inventory of data, parameters were built to supply a future database of various modalities of international cooperation of the institute as a public management tool of international cooperation, in that institute.
Estoque de carbono em solos brasileiros e potencial de contribuição para mitigação de emissões de gases de efeito estufa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-11)
Cidin, Ana Carolina Martins
;
Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8878812321723358
In recent years, Brazil has proposed policies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GEE). In this context, the aim of this study was to estimate the carbon stock (EC) from different Brazilian soils under different agricultural uses and propose strategies that contribute to mitigation of GEE emissions. The research was conducted in four stages: i) organization of a soil database; ii) development of a pedotransfer function (PTF) for the estimation of bulk density (DS) and evaluate the effect on estimate of EC; iii) estimation of the EC; and iv) evaluation of potential EC by Brazilian agriculture. Data from 38.456 soil samples were performed and, after standardization, they formed a database with 10.445 data samples corresponding to 5.823 data for the 0-30 cm layer. These data covered all Brazilian states, all classes of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification and nine types of land use: annual crop in no-tillage system (SPD), annual crop in conventional tillage system, perennial crop, planted forest, integrated crop-livestock (ILP) system, integrated crop-livestock-forest (ILPF) system, pasture, uncovered soil and native vegetation. Many samples had no DS record, then 12 PTF for DS estimation were developed using 974 soil samples. The performance of PTFs was assessed by R2, and in the validation, the accuracy of prediction was measured based on the mean error (ME), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the root mean squared error (RMSE). All functions overestimated DS values and one of them (PTF 5) presented the best performance. The evaluation of the estimated EC was made with 926 samples layer 0-30 cm, using observed data DS (ECobs), estimated data DS from the PTF5 (ECest) and estimated data DS from the null model (ECnull), in which the DS was given by the mean value of DS observed. Based on the calculation of ME, MAE, the RMSE and comparison with ECobs values, it was found that the ECnull values were overestimated and dispersed. It was concluded at this stage that the null model was not a reliable alternative and PTF5 was applied in 4.540 samples from 0-30 cm layer with missing DS. The estimated DS values ranged from 0,10 kg dm-3 at 1,92 kg dm-3 with a mean of 1,39 kg dm-3 and standard deviation of 0,19 kg dm-3. The coefficient of variation was less than 15% configuring a homogeneous data. It was made the EC calculation for 5.823 EC data for the layer 0-30 cm and these values were grouped by types of land use and soil types. In grouping by type of land use, the lowest EC values were observed in annual crop and native vegetation (0,10 Mg ha-1) and the largest maximum values were observed in annual crop, pasture and native vegetation, with 297,3 Mg ha-1, 259,9 Mg ha-1 and 253,6 Mg ha-1 respectively. In grouping by type of soil, it was observed that a minimum value of 0,10 Mg ha-1 in an Argisol while maxima were observed in a Cambisol (297,3 Mg ha-1) and an Argisol (265,8 Mg ha-1). Three scenarios were developed to estimate the potential increase of EC, from changes in management practices and land use. In a scenario where 18% of the areas of annual crops adopt SPD, the increase in EC was 73,6 Gg. If 15 million hectares of degraded pastures were recovered with ILP system in 20% of the area, and ILPF system in 10% of the area, the potential for increasing the EC would be 88.13 Gg. These values could represent an addition of 59,6 Gg of CO2, which could offset the 472,1 Gg CO2 emitted by the Brazilian agricultural sector in 2010, according to estimates by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. It concludes that: i) the absence of DS data, using a simple PTF is more appropriate than the use of the null model; ii) the detected errors in the estimation of DS by PTF not propagate the EC calculation; iii) the proposed changes would offset emissions from the Brazilian agricultural sector; and iv) the estimates presented highlight the role of the agricultural sector in mitigating GEE emissions.
O focus imaginarius : engano e conhecimento na crítica da razão pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Girotti, Marcio Tadeu
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Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4385124589465909
Starting from Kant’s statement that there is an inherent transcendental illusion in the process of knowledge, we ask: how can an illusion have a positive role? It is possible to identify a paradox, that can be, considering Kant’s statement itself, overcome by a critique of reason and by a careful reading to the positive role of the transcendental idea to the empirical knowledge. By criticizing traditional metaphysics, in the same time that he shows how illusion can stop deceiving, even imperative, Kant guarantees a role to reason on knowledge sphere, engendering the way to nature’s unity desired by reason. Kant (KrV, B 673) states that focus imaginarius is an inseparable aspect of the transcendental idea and of its empirical knowledge regulator role. Considering the existence of a transcendental idea as a figurative unity projected as focus imaginarius, our goal is to show that the reason paradox can be overcome form focus imaginarius critical metaphor, as an entity of being, featured by Kant as an analogy to the transcendental idea, that takes part of knowledge game as reason’s deprecated unity, bringing forward the very reasons objects. As this investigations exemplary moment, is seen, through reason’s antinomies example, that reasons demands a systematic unity of all knowledge, by having the transcendental idea as this unity, featured from a projection: the focus imaginarius.
Efeitos da restrição alimentar sobre marcadores bioquímicos da remodelação óssea e sobre as propriedades biométricas, biofísicas, densitométricas, bioquímicas e biomecânicas de fêmures e vértebras de ratos de diferentes idades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Biffe, Bruna Gabriele
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6088273177621006
The food restriction promotes adaptive mechanisms that have beneficial effects on diseases and longevity. Also, bone is target of effects provided by the reduction of diet intake. However, there are controversies about the responses that this intervention can result on bone quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food restriction 30% on bone parameters of femurs and vertebrae from rats of different ages. Male Rattus novegicus albinus rats, Holtzman lineage, aged 38 days, 4 and 16 months of age were used. The animals were divided into six groups (n=8-10 per group), three being control groups (C38, C4 and C16) and three groups on restricted diet (R38, R4 on R16). The control animals had free access to food and water. The restricted animals were submitted to food restriction of 30% being fed with 70% of the ad libitium consumption of the control group. The experimental period for all groups was 6 weeks. Analysis was performed in biochemical markers of formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (TRAP), and in parameters biometric (length, largest and smallest diameter of the femur, vertebral height), biophysical (wet, dry and immersed weight, and of ashes, bone volume, bone and mineral density, percentage of water, mineral and organic matter), biochemical (calcium and phosphorus content), densitometric (aDMO of the femur [all bone, proximal epiphysis, diaphysis and epiphysis distal] and the vertebra), biomechanical properties (maximum load, maximum load until fracture, displacement until fracture, femoral tenacity and stiffness; spinal maximum load, tenacity and stiffness), in addition to body mass and abdominal fat mass. The body mass and fat mass gain in restricted animals was lower than that of animals which had food ad libitium. The food restriction in animals with 38 days and 4 months of age presented decreased bone formation, while the ones with 16 months presented decreased bone resorption. Food restriction induced reduction of the biometric parameters, biophysical weights, femoral bone volume and calcium and phosphorous content in the restricted group aged 38 days. In addition, femoral length and calcium content were reduced in the restricted group aged 4 months. The restricted diet induced reduced areal density in femurs and femoral diaphyseal of 38 days rats, and increased aDMO of femoral epiphysis proximal from 16 months rats. The femoral biomechanical properties were not affected by the food restriction diet in any of the experimental groups. As regards the vertebral analysis, vertebral height, wet weight, immersed weight, bone volume and percentage of water were lower in the restricted group aged 38 days. Moreover, vertebral height was reduced in the restricted group aged 4 months. However, mineral density, percentage of mineral matter and maximum load were higher in the restricted group aged 38 days. The areal density, vertebral tenacity and stiffness were not altered by the food restriction. The food restriction diet resulted in damage to femoral bone development with remarkable loss in prepubertal rats, inconsistent alterations in young adult rats and potential benefits to bones of elderly rats. In addition, restriction had a positive influence on vertebral bone properties.
Influência dos treinamentos aeróbico, resistido e combinado sobre as propriedades físicas e biomecânicas ósseas de ratos obesos com diabetes melittus tipo 2 experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Silva, Karina Ana da
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531740978476365
Background: Obesity is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of fat and has been considered an important factor for T2DM (type II Diabetes Mellitus) development. The T2DM, a state of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is often associated to an increased risk of bone fracture. Research question: investigate if three different physical exercise protocols could protect the bone tissue in obese rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type of study: Randomized controlled study Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats (45 days age ay beginning of the experiment) were used. The animals were randomly distributed into 2 groups: control rats fed with standard diet (n=40) and rats fed palatable hyperlipidic diet. After 4 weeks of treatment to induce diabetes, high-fat diet rats received, with previous fasting, a dose of Streptozotocin 35 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally. Control rats received, with previous fasting, a dose of citrate buffer solution (1ml/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were assigned to one of the ten groups (n=10 per group): non-diabetic sedentary (CSS); non-diabetic resistance training (TRS); nondiabetic aerobic training (TAS); non-diabetic combined training (TCS), Sedentary diabetic (CSD); resistance training diabetic (TRD); aerobic training diabetic (TAD); combined training diabetic (TCD). The training procedures were realized after induction of diabetes, during 10 weeks, 3 days/week. Results: Body mass of diabetic groups was lower when compared to those groups without diabetes, in spite of greater calories consumed. Diabetic groups showed lower bone mineral content values when compared non-diabetic group. The bone mineral density was lower in TRD group. The maximal load and stiffness in diabetic groups was lower than their respective groups without diabetes. Groups with experimental diabetes present lower valuer for MMP-2 activity compared non-diabetic groups. Diabetes seems to induce reduced bone quality and the resistance training demonstrated protect the bone from it. Conclusion: Experimental diabetes mellitus type 2 affects the biomechanical properties of femurs of Wistar rats and the resistance training improve such effects.
Agrupamento de sequências de miRNA utilizando aprendizado não-supervisionado baseado em grafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12)
Kasahara, Viviani Akemi
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Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6384693865752033
Cluster analysis is the organization of a collection of patterns into clusters based on similarity which is determined by using properties of data. Clustering techniques can be useful in a variety of knowledge domains such as biotechnology, computer vision, document retrieval and many others. An interesting area of biology involves the concept of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are approximately 22 nucleotide-long non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in gene regulation. Clustering miRNA sequences can help to understand and explore sequences belonging to the same cluster that has similar biological functions. This research work investigates and explores seven unsupervised clustering algorithms based on graphs that can be divided into three categories: algorithm based on region of influence, algorithm based on minimum spanning tree and spectral algorithm. To assess the contribution of the proposed algorithms, data from miRNA families stored in the online miRBase database were used in the conducted experiments. The results of these experiments were presented, analysed and evaluated using clustering validation indexes as well as visual analysis.
Caracterização da estrutura sócio-genética de uma população de vida livre de cachorro vinagre (Speothos venaticus) (Lund, 1842)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-14)
Barragán Ruiz, Carmen Elena
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Whereas the S. venaticus, has a wide distribution, estimated from Panama to northern Argentina, the dog vinegar is considered "near threatened" by the IUCN and "Vulnerable (VU)" by MMA. The molecular and biological data deficiency of this species is due mainly to the difficulties of capturing and observing natural environments, indicating a decline in population density of the species. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the socio-genetic structure of family groups of S. venaticus, as well as estimate of kinship and population parameters such as genetic diversity and population structure, comparing parameters of genetic diversity between representatives of nature and captivity. For this, we used 12 microsatellite genetic markers, three specific primers and nine heterologous originally described for Canis familiaris and mitochondrial marker (CR - d-loop). They were obtained 38 blood samples of these, one 23 from the sample bank of CENAP/ICMBio, samples from the municipalities of N. Xavantina and Água Boa (MT), located of north the Mortes’s river, a place with great agricultural exploitation, reducing the closed portion by human actions. The nine heterologous loci showed a PIC> 0,6. Average values of observed heterozygosity (Ho) by codominant markers indicated a deficiency in the captive population, while haplotype diversity of data were the same for both populations. Diversity of data and allelic richness when compared to both populations showed a low for the captive population. Analysis of population structure, estimated a FST 0,165 between populations. Kinship analysis, suggested that 23.8% of individuals in the population in situ. However, also point out the need to expand the number of individuals sampled and conduct a follow-up field to elucidate the issues that emerged from this study.
Alterações cardiorrespiratórias em sujeitos com distúrbios respiratórios e aumento da circunferência abdominal submetidos à sessão única de fisioterapia respiratória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-14)
Martinelli, Bruno
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7026690603304796
The knowledge about the influence of obesity on the respiratory system is complex and goes beyond the physical and mechanical effects, this is also related to autonomic, metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Obesity can overload the respiratory system through multiple mechanisms with imposition and mechanical restrictions beyond the release of circulating factors of fat storage. Respiratory therapy modifies the cardiorespiratory and thoracoabdominal mechanisms, however there is little evidence about its impact on abdominal obesity. Thus, this thesis consisted of two studies. The first study was titled by "Cardiorespiratory responses according to measurement of abdominal circumference (AC) in men with obstructive ventilatory disturbance undergoing chest physical therapy". The aim of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory effects among men with obstructive ventilatory disturbance according to the measure of AC submitted to respiratory physiotherapy. Twenty-six men with predicted Forced expiratory volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity <70% were divided into 2 groups according to the AC (cm): <102 (ACwithout_risk) and >102 (ACrisk). The heart rate variability (HRV), peripheral oxygen saturation, blood pressure, lung volumes and flows, maximum expiratory pressure were measured at rest, immediately after physiotherapy intervention - which consisted of breathing exercises for airway clearance, active kinesiotherapy to lower and upper limbs, and after 30 minutes. The obese had higher age, anthropometric measurements and lower thoracoabdominal amplitude index. After the intervention they showed a higher percentage of inspiratory capacity, heart rate variability and diastolic blood pressure. Concluding, abdominal obesity limits thoracoabdominal expansibility and modifies the diastolic blood pressure, but the respiratory therapy promotes improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation and eutrophic subjects benefit more to respiratory and cardiac measures. The second study was titled by “Cardiorespiratory repercussions of the only chest physical therapy in subjects with abdominal obesity and restrictive pulmonary disorders”. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the cardiac and respiratory effects among men with restrictive lung disease according to the AC undergoing a respiratory physiotherapy. Twenty-six men with predicted Forced Vital Capacity <80% were divided into 2 groups according to the AC (cm): <102 (ACwithout_risk), and >102 (ACrisk). The HRV, peripheral oxygen saturation, blood pressure, lung volumes and flows, maximum expiratory pressure were measured at rest, immediately after physiotherapy intervention - which consisted of breathing exercises for pulmonary expansion, active kinesiotherapy to lower and upper limbs, and after 30 minutes. The obese had higher measures of systolic blood pressure, slow vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, maximal expiratory pressure and expiratory flow rate at the 50% relative to the total volume; and the heart rate variability increased only after the intervention. Concluding, the men with restrictive respiratory disorder are benefited by respiratory physiotherapy improving heart and respiratory variables independently of the AC, however the sympathovagal modulation is modified only immediately after the intervention. As a general conclusion, it became clear that the subjects with abdominal obesity, independent of the associated respiratory disorders, had restrictive respiratory limitations caused by the adipose tissue and compensatory increase in inspiratory capacities, but these subjects tend to benefit from chest physical therapy intervention with increase of the HRV and others cardiac and respiratory measures, but to a lesser extent than the subjects with lower abdominal circumference. Spirometry measurements performed slowly and favoring the inspiration allow greater gain by the obese. However, the systemic arterial blood pressure levels are changed or rise, that may represent evidence of cardiovascular complications. Continue to investigate these relations, including in the long term, it will be one of the possibilities of the later studies.
A reavaliação da doutrina das unidades no Preface to Shakespeare (1765) : o prenúncio da ruptura com o Ancien Régime
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Castro, Diego de
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3895196547774076
The objective of this dissertation is demonstrate by means of a dialectical reading of Preface to Shakespeare (1765) by Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), that the reassessment of the doctrine of the units (action, time and place) no solely unveil the breaking of the English literary criticism with the classical aesthetic but the sign of a deep breaking of the English capitalist society from the eighteenth century with Ancien Régime. The issue (the reassessment of the doctrine of the units) consists in the defense that Johnson does in favor of Shakespeare's plays against the censures of other neoclassical critics, these influenced by French classicism. The defense that English critic undertook in favor of the English poet‘s dramas against the reproaches of neoclassical critics anticipated the rupture of the English criticism with the classical aesthetic. The proposal is treating of the literary and philosophical aspects involved in the chief theme, at last to amplify the horizon of reading through of the notions of structure of feeling by Raymond Williams (1977) and political unconscious by Jameson (1992).
Qualidade microbiológica do leite humano cru e pasteurizado em banco de leite humano na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Oliveira, Claudete de
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9792669900889947
The Human Milk is considered the most complete food for the newborn, to promote the collection and distribution with certified quality, the Ministry of Health in the public policy scenario promotes breastfeeding and expansion of the Brazilian Network of Human Milk Bank which was created to ensure certification and the quality of human milk from collection to distribution, it is responsible for the selection, physicochemical and microbiological evaluation, providing an innocuous product and respecting their role as food. To contribute to the scientific evidence this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of samples of human milk from milk bank in São Carlos / SP, through analysis and quantification in petri dishes by solid culture of mesophilic, psychrophilic, thermophilic, Staphylococcus spp. filamentous fungi and leveduriform and most probable number (MPN) of total and fecal coliforms through presumptive test and confirmatory, as well as verification of physical-chemical parameters of pH, acidity ° Dornic and energy content (K) correlating the variables in the microbiological quality by descriptive statistical analysis and linear correlation Pearson. Of the 29 analyzed samples and unfit for consumption, revealed the presence of 17.24% of psychrophilic, 27.59% of thermophiles, 55.17% of mesophilic, 41.38% of filamentous fungi and leveduriform absence of Staphylococcus spp, for coliform group was the presence of 82.76% presumptive phase and 54.16% for total coliforms and 33.33% for fecal coliforms in the confirmatory phase, pH values and K showed no variation, as for acidity was microbial growth between 3 ° to 15 ° Dornic, the correlation of physical and chemical variables was detected. The results presented in analyzes suggest that was deficient in good manufacturing practices, impairing the microbiological quality of human milk.
Estudos da linguagem audiovisual em animações estereoscópicas: análise da representação tridimensional nas narrativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Sampedro, Paula Poiet
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Andrade, Leonardo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921612856948891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388039231523027
The research herein is consolidated in fantastical narratives presented in animation movies allied with deep perception exploration. Its development aims to investigate how visual resources are used in animation movies to emphasize fantastical narratives in current contexts. The focus is placed on animations made by digital three-dimensional environment and on the use of stereoscopy working as tools that influence on the composition of narrative tension. The study is based upon the animation movies "How to Train Your Dragon" (DreamWorks, 2010), "How to Train Your Dragon 2" (DreamWorks, 2014) and "Frozen" (Disney, 2013) because of the fantastical storytelling, which evaluates their relations with stereoscopy's visuality and three-dimension digital space. At first a historical background to consolidate stereoscopy and animation techniques is described, which leads to contemporary cinematographic scenery and the use of 3D modeling. Then the research is directed to the study of film narratives previously mentioned followed by an evaluation of three-digital-dimensional language and the three-dimension characters building, in addition to their physical and psychological characteristics. In the end of the study, an analysis of the use of stereoscopy alongside with the narrative, characters and settings modeling of the three movies is proposed, verifying the stereoscopic space use in scenes with different dramatic intensity and how stereoscopy contributes to these narratives.
Escola, consumo e projetos de vida na visão de jovens estudantes de uma escola pública e outra privada no interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Cinati, Anderson
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Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0197528368706020
The guidelines that establish the Basic Education in Brazil are the same to public and private schools, however, the education developed with students from both groups can have different directions. The relation between the different socioeconomic contexts, normally existent, can cause different perceptions regarding the opportunities that these students will have during the construction of their life projects and their future perspectives. In this context, this research sought to discuss the relationship between the consumption and the life project under the view of young students from a public school and a private one, trying to understand how these elements make us rethink the education in a critical way. To reach the proposed goal, it was chosen two schools in São Paulo’s countryside, where the researcher works as Geography and History teacher. High school students, mainly seniors, participated in this research. The methodology used was initially based on a quiz given in these schools and, later on, semistructured interviews were developed. This way, general data was collected in order to find out the socioeconomic profile of the groups, apart from trying to identify the relation with the consumption, the school and the life projects of these students. It was possible to conclude that the life projects of these students tend to be individualists and oriented many times by the power of consumption as, between the interviewed, there was no student that showed concerns on social or environmental context. It was presented as proposals to improve these issues, the increase of educational public policies, besides the projects that can be developed in the schools, in order to favor the development of a emancipatory education about current society. In this context, themes and directions about how to make these discussions were suggested, in order to evolve the role of the different classes in the maintenance of social structures, rethinking the origin of inequality, racial, historical, school and family issues. If the life project is uncritical, these individuals may not be clear of what really happens in the society, in respect of having or not. Their projects can summarize in acquisition of a determined social status to make their consumption dream.
Apoio social e seus processos educativos em um grupo de convivência de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Fidélix, Ana Paula Ferreira
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Oliveira, Maria Waldenez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3404769527869004
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516927567100842
The transformation of aging on social problem from the time when the search for positive views of the process are highlighted. Due to the rapid increase in the elderly population along with the concern of building a positive view of the process increases the concern for the elderly and arouses the interest on the subject in the areas of health and social policy and the interest of scholars on the theme. New areas and studies of possibilities emerge and education emerged as a possibility for a new look at the aging process and its meanings. Educational processes can be observed from the living, exchanges and social support that is present in the elderly in social groups. The social support that has its existence valued for promoting and maintaining a quality of life emerges as an important social practice. This study aimed to identify, analyze and describe the educational processes presented from the social practice of social support among people in a support group for seniors in the city of São Carlos - SP. The participants were older and regulars teachers group with ages ranging between 60 and 84 years. The meetings were held weekly in the lounge of a parish in the city of São Carlos. This is a research with qualitative approach to the collection of September data / 2014 to June / 2016 from the Participant Observation, with the insertion of the researcher with the group using field diaries records and interviews semi-structured. Data analysis was from reading and rereading of the notes in a field diary and interviews transcripts highlighting points considered important, repetition and brought connection with the social practice of social support and identified educational processes. It is observed social support as a strong point in the relationships between people in the group. Educational processes take place in the exchange between the elderly and among the elderly and the teacher: on the activities of the group, about their life experiences, knowledge built on their experiences and living together in the group. The living group is considered of great importance for the elderly in the promotion and maintenance of their socials relations as well as social participation. The sight of elderly face old age in general is positive, which helps in coping with the aging process and the natural limitations of it. At the end of the study it concluded that the existence of a social support network often does not guarantee the existence of the support itself, which is not the case studied here, but the social group shows the importance ascribed to it in existence and maintenance of social support for the elderly who attend. Social support enables the existence of educational processes from the coexistence and relations between the elderly in the group, as well as old age coping possibilities. Highlights the need for the existence of equipment that format (elderly people in social groups) for the participation of older people in health promotion and social participation.
Aplicabilidade, habitabilidade e sustentabilidade da alvenaria com bloco de concreto aparente em instituições de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-16)
Trajano, Michelle Daiany da Conceição
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8119293673797503
Masonry is considered an advantageous and good economic performance alternative, reducing the large volumes of waste and the use of other materials (steel, wood and coatings). This system is widely used in building houses, commercial and residential buildings, however, its use in buildings for educational purposes is less common. The aim of this study was to analyze the masonry with concrete blocks from the user point of view, in order to verify the applicability of processes, sustainability and livability of the building built with rationalization of the stages of the t educational environment construction. The case study, State School Garden Marisa, in Campinas (SP), had its performance verification process analyzed in situ, with data collection conducted through questionnaires with users, teachers, staff and students, as well as verification of the sensitivity of users regarding comfort in the use of the building in the morning and afternoon, from 08:00 to 12:00 and 14:00 to 17:30. In addition to field research, we used bibliographical research, interviewing techniques and photographic records, all guided by ethical aspects as determined in legislation. After the investigation of this process through field research and literature review, it was concluded by the good applicability, livability and sustainability of masonry with exposed concrete block in the educational institution under study. The completion of the work indicates factors related to masonry design with exposed concrete blocks and building as a whole, leading to success in performance verified in the case study.
Análise dos recursos em incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-17)
Freire, Clarissa Dourado
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Sacomano Neto, Mário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2394762081205933
This research aimed to identify and analyze what are the features supported by the incubators of technology-based companies for the incubated companies and analyze what is the importance of these resources for the operation and the incubators and TBCs. As theoretical guidelines were adopted prospects of Resource Based View, which addresses the survival of businesses based on their internal resources and Resource Dependence, which aims to understand the organizational interdependence considering the external environment of organizations. To this end, the triangulation of methods was adopted, with quantitative and qualitative approach, with the use of survey and multi case study. The case study was made with the implementation of semi structured interviews with Supera incubators, Softex and Cinet / Softnet, all in the state of São Paulo and the survey was made the basis of a questionnaire based on the Likert Scale applied to a sample 30 technology-based companies, drawn from a universe of 120 companies that are incubated by the interviewed incubators. For the processing of data were used the descriptive statistics and regression analysis based perspective of total factor productivity, which aims to identify which affects the income of a business and that is not directly related to production factors, with proposing two options, the first being that the resources do not affect the revenue of TBCs and the second is that affect revenue. Even for the case study was made the content analysis. From the survey data it was possible to identify five categories of resources, physical, financial, technological, organizational and human, and further confirm the hypothesis that resources affect the performance of TBCs, and the most representative are the physical resources. It was also observed that the incubators seek ways to provide the resources required for TBCs, are the improvement of its internal resources, as evaluates the resource-based view, are the relationships with other organizations, through the inter-organizational relationships, as recommended by the dependence resources. And TBCs seek in the incubation program a way to deal with the adversities of the environment and the market as well as additional resources.
Preparo de amostras e análise elementar de produtos farmacêuticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-17)
Garcia, Mariana Ortega
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4186415482055313
The medicine manufacture process may cause the final product contamination with metallic residues to the detriment of human healthy. Aiming to regulate the pharmaceutical production and establish standards of final products quality, organizations such as the USP, EMA and ICH established regulations governing maximum exposure to target elements, including some metals that are known to be toxic to human health. Other elements, despite its essentiality in certain concentrations, require exposure control. Regularly a sample to be measured by ICP techniques requires its conversion to a representative solution, usually involving microwave-assisted acid digestion. Once decomposed, the elemental analysis is done using inductively coupled plasma techniques. This study aims to establish a general method of sample preparation and elemental analysis of drug samples (excipients, continuous use drugs, multivitamins, multiminerals and natural products), in order to meet the demands of the pharmaceutical industry. In this sense, sample preparation was based on microwave assisted acid digestion using the following reagents: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The established procedure involves a 41 min heating program with a maximum temperature of 210 oC. The efficiency of digestion was assessed by determination of dissolved organic carbon. Best digestions were reached using 5 ml of inverted aqua regia for 500 mg of sample. The elemental analysis techniques used were ICP OES and ICP-MS. In both cases, analytical calibration curves were built based on the J value, established by USP, which takes into account the permitted daily exposure to the target element, the maximum daily dose of medicament and the sample dilution factor. Both techniques were suitable for metal impurities determination. For ICP OES recoveries were close to 100% for most analytes in all tested samples. For ICP-MS, despite being within the range from 70 to 150% set by USP, recoveries still require further evaluation.
Endividamento da indústria brasileira: restrição financeira e influência do colateral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-17)
Vasconcelos, Juliana
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Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5996022690857934
The imperfect capital market is related to asymmetry of information. The investment decisions of companies are sensitive due to the availability of internal resources. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the influence of collateral in the level of indebtedness of companies. The sample used in this study consists of 41 non-financial Brazilian companies from industrials sectors which have shares traded on the BM&F Bovespa and are part of the Economática database between the years of 2004 and 2014. The ratio of debt and the collateral was analyzed by multiple regression. Four collateral types were used, they sorted through their financial status - constraint or unconstrained- adopting as a criterion the issuance of debentures and the size of the company. The main results suggest that companies with financial constraint and financial unconstrained are significant in relation to collateral, a result which confronts other studies that claim that only companies with financial constraint depend on the collateral to be indebted.
Simulação do clima de 2050 em campo e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento de forrageiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-17)
Bortolin, Livia Haik Guedes de Camargo
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Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8604778537538094
This research was conducted to understand the climate responses of two tropical forages to a future scenario predicted for 2050, regardless of the season. We consider the hypothesis of the consortium between the two forages is a grazing alternative in a future climate. To test this hypothesis, we studied two forages under controlled atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature in field conditions using a system named Trop-T-FACE. This system gave us the competence to mimic atmospheric conditions predicted for 2050 (600 ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere (eC) and an increase of 2 ºC in the canopy temperature). The C4 grass Panicum maximum and the C3 legume Stylosanthes capitata grew on current agricultural practice, in an area of 2500 m2 on the campus of the University of São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto – SP. We tested the hypothesis about the consortium between the two forages being a grazing alternative in a future climate. In the winter of 2013 and the autumn of 2014, the forage grew on irrigated consortium. In the autumn of 2015, S. capitata grew in monoculture without irrigation. Sixteen parcels in a ring form with 2 m of diameter were used for monitoring the growth and development of the species C3 and C4 species during growth periods of 35 days approximately after the initial cut. Several plant organization levels were accompanied under field conditions in Control plots, plots with elevated CO2 concentration (eC), under heating (eT), and under high CO2 concentration and heat (eC+eT). In the first chapter is the experiment conducted during the winter of 2013, with P. maximum in irrigated consortium with S. capitata. The climatic conditions of temperature were suboptimal for the C4 grass growth. Thus, the warming explicitly promoted the foliage development. The higher atmospheric CO2 concentration caused downregulation in leaf biomass accumulation. The changes resultant of the atmospheric alterations also caused modifications of leaf N concentration and biomass partition in the plant. Under combined treatment (eC+eT), the inhibitory effects of the CO2 increase were offset by the increment resultant of warming. Therefore, in the future climatic conditions, during the winter in the Brazilian Southeast region, the heating of the leaves will mitigate the inhibition by excess carbon, as long as the consortium is free of water and nutritional impediments. In the autumn of 2014, a new experiment was performed with P. maximum and S. capitata growing in irrigated consortium. This experiment is described in the second and third chapters. In the second chapter are the results of P. maximum in irrigated consortium. The purpose of conducting this experiment in the autumn was mainly to compare the influence of warming on the grass leaves in a warmer season. During the autumn, the treatments accelerated the leaf phenology of the C4 grass, including leaf senescence. The isolated increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration (eC) or combined with warming (eC+eT) conditioned narrower leaves, probably by alterations in the leaf meristem formation process. Changes in leaf width may cause modifications in forage quality and affect the consumption by the cattle. However, the presence of narrower leaves was compensated by a greater number of leaves and the tiller biomass remained. On the other hand, the C3 legume growing in irrigated consortium during the autumn of 2014, presented several changes with no statistical differences in vegetative growth, despite the heat (eT) have been shown to be harmful to it. The results of this experiment are described in the third chapter. Being a legume adapted to warm climates, the main negative changes observed in S. capitata under warming (eT) were attributed to competition with P. maximum in the consortium. The separate heating (eT) stimulated further growth of the grass, which shadowed and softened the heat arrival in the C3 species. However, the warming (eT) significantly stimulated the flowering. In the treatment that simulated warming and CO2 concentration in the 2050 climate (eC+eT), there were more branches due intense flowering at the apex of the shoot and consequently interruption of apical dominance. The predicted future climate scenario is not favorable besides leaf biomass in this C3 species remaining the same among applied atmospheric regimes. Furthermore, the irrigation of extensive grazing warmed areas is economically and ecologically unviable and did not increase the availability of leaf biomass of S. capitata in the consortium in the year 2050. An experiment was conducted during the autumn of 2015, with the legume in monoculture without irrigation to identify the real influence of the irrigation on S. capitata growth. CO2 atmospheric enrichment increased neither biomass nor the leaf area. On the other hand, it occurred greater investment on flowers at the expense of vegetative shoot compartments. Nonetheless, enhancing flowering was only possible with soil water content greater than 0.3 m3 m-3. Warming combined with soil water shortage caused higher mortality of shoots. The rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration predicted for 2050 will not be enough to mitigate the damaging effects on leaf biomass production of the warming of about 2 ºC, in field conditions without irrigation, in this shrub C3 legume. Thus, the consortium, even irrigated, was not as an alternative pasture in climate predicted for 2050. The monoculture of the C3 legume without irrigation brought results even more concerning. The data obtained in these studies can base the development of new pasture management strategies. Also, they provide relevant information for the development of public policies to support the productive chain of meat and milk, the largest in Brazil and one of the largest in the world.
Do geocentrismo à gravitação universal: proposta e implementação de uma sequência didática para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-18)
Simon, Rodrigo de Almeida
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Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2217951338927366
This work is formed by the development and implementation of an Educational Product, which by means of a didactic sequence (DS), aimed to address geocentrism, heliocentrism and universal gravitation topics in a less classical approach, bringing diversified methodologies and didactic resources. In addition, we aimed to benefit the learning of students engaged in the use of the DS “Solar System Movements” by the teacher-researcher, as well as by other professors who, someway, use the activities proposed in this Educational Product in their classes. In this term paper, we presented an introduction to the developed study and an accurate theoretical exposition on the development of Geocentric and Heliocentric models up to the arrival of Newton´s Universal Gravitation; we discussed about theoretical-methodological basis considered in DS activities planning, which are mainly based on the didactic drawings principles described by Méheut and Psillos: Epistemological principles (applying History of Sciences (HS) in teaching); cognitive psychology principles (learning from prior knowledge and as an evolution of mental models); didactic principles (learning by modelling, the HS application in teaching and pedagogical use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)) and sociocultural principles (an interactive and joint work between teachers and students and pedagogical use of ICT). We also presented context, a report on the implementation of the Educational Product as part of an elective subject of Full-time High School and considerations on the entire progress of this Master thesis, as well as the professor, students’ and support materials for the use of DS.
Smells arquiteturais de monitoramento em sistemas adaptativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-19)
Serikawa, Marcel Akira
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Camargo, Valter Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819825673816219
Adaptive systems are able to adapt themselves according to changes in its execution environment or the user's needs. Monitors are essential for the development of such systems because they are responsible for collecting and pre-processing the context data. By a search in systems found in repositories and literature, it was observed that monitors are sometimes designed and implemented in an inappropriate way, exhibiting the following characteristics: i) they are Obscure in the source code; ii) they have a unique monitoring rate and iii) they are forced to have a pre-determined execution order. These characteristics lead to difficulties in maintenance, evolution and often problems related to performance. Design decisions that lead to these difficulties can be characterized as architectural smells. The documentation of smells helps developers identifying refactoring opportunities of a system and also highlights practices that should be analyzed during the design and development of new systems. Therefore, this master thesis proses two architectural smells for adaptive systems: the Obscure Monitor and Oppressed Monitors. The first occurs when the monitors are not evident in the system and the second occurs when the monitors are subject to the same monitoring rate and have a strict execution order. In order to check the influence of the presence of theses smells five maintenance activities were applied in two versions of a system called PhoneAdapter, the original version with the presence of the smells and the refactored one in which the smells were removed. The results indicate that the maintenance and evolution of the refactored system are facilitated in most activities.