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A alta frequência do treinamento de força não afeta a magnitude da hipertrofia e os ganhos de força muscular de indivíduos jovens não treinados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Barcelos, Cintia Aparecida de Oliveira; Libardi, Cleiton Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8274652124484304
The training frequency is a resistance training variable (RT) that can be manipulated to maximize strength and muscle mass gains. Evidence suggests that higher volumes provide greater gains in strength and hypertrophy. Thus, it is possible that RT performed at higher frequencies (e.g., 24h) would result in higher training volumes, leading to adaptations when compared to RT performed less frequently. Objective: To compare the effect of different weekly RT frequencies (5x vs. 3x vs. 2x per week), with equalized and unbalanced VTT, on muscle hypertrophy in young men. As a secondary objective, we compared the effects of these different RT frequencies with equalized and unequalized VTT on muscle strength. Methods: The sample consisted of 19 male subjects divided into three protocols: (RT5, RT3 and RT2 x / week). The RT protocol consisted of three series of 80% 1-RM, between 9 and 12 maximal repetitions until the concentric failure. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle strength (1-RM) were evaluated weekly for a period of 8 weeks. Results: Total equalized volume (RT5 / 4S = 23791 ± 6021, RT3 / 6S = 22531 ± 6087, RT2 / 8 = 20640 ± 3300), there was no significant difference between the protocols (P> 0.05). At the end of 8 weeks of training, the RT5 protocol showed the highest increase (RT5 = 54375 ± 12810 kg, RT3 = 30936 ± 8391 kg, RT2 = 20640 ± 3300 kg, P <0.0001). Regarding the progression of the VTT, there was no difference between the RT5, RT3 and RT2 protocols when equalized (43%, 35% and 34%) and unequalized (57%, 43% and 34%) (P >0.05). All protocols significantly increased the pre-post-training 1-RM values for the equalized VTT (RT5 = 26.00%, RT3 = 31.51%, RT2 = 33.54%) and equalized (RT5 = 43.32%, RT3 = 40.26%, RT2 = 33.53%, main time effect, P <0.0001) There were no significant differences between the protocols in any of the comparisons. In relation to VL CSA, all of them increased from pre- to post-training with equalized VTT (RT5 = 9.85%, RT3 = 10.10%, RT2 = 11.87%, main time effect, P <0.0001) and unbalanced (RT5 = 12.70%, RT3 = 11.75%, RT2 = 11.87%, main time effect, P <0.0001) There were no significant differences between the protocols in both comparisons. Conclusion: A high frequency of resistance training does not affect the magnitude of muscle hypertrophy and the strength gains of untrained young individuals.
Proyectos socioeducativos en la configuracion de subjetividades juveniles
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Monsalve, Martha Liliana Mantilla; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7269044976180687
The present research arises from the interest to know about the incidence of socioeducational projects in the configuration of subjectivities of young people in conditions of social vulnerabilities. Considering by socio-educational projects, the actions with a public purpose and with a perspective of human formation, focus to the youths. It is asked, if socio-educational projects influence the configuration of juvenile subjectivity, understood as a cultural historical process that interferes at the individual level without eliminating the structural dimension for the formation of the subject category. Therefor, a qualitative research of an ethnographic perspective was carried out in the Jardim Gonzaga neighborhood, located in the peripheral zone of the city of São Carlos - SP- Brazil, through the conduction of interviews called conversational dynamics with five young people about their trajectories of participation in socio-educational projects, as well as the significance and vision of that process today. In addition, a weekly participant observation was made in a university extension project that takes place in this neighborhood, for a period of eight months and with specific participation in the following six months. The conversational dynamics addressed issues of socialization spaces, experiences, participation trajectories in socio-educational projects, contributions on the present moment of life and perspectives regarding the future. According to the data obtained through the conversations with the five young people, it was the spaces of socialization, the perception of the family, the difficulty of staying in school and the interest in the proposals brought that led them to participate in social projects, as well as the lived experiences in the relations with the technicians and the possibility of expanding their sociability; from where it was observed and concluded that socioeducational projects have influenced the configuration of individual and social subjectivity. This was evidenced, at the individual level in the recognition of their abilities, allowing them to acquire greater security for the confrontation of the tests of life, referred in the discourse of all, maintaining a differential in each one of them; which shows products of their experiences. At the social level, the expansion of the “moratoria juvenil” was evident, allowing experiences of this stage of life. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that the socio-educational projects aimed at the youth population of the peripheries do not succeed in promoting transformations of the vulnerability conditions; however, their contributions are in the mitigation of the impacts of these, mainly at the individual level. What socio-educational projects provide is the influence on the processes of subjectivation of young people, which can impact their lives, but not modify them from the structural point of view.
A experiência do parto no Sistema Único de Saúde : percepções de mulheres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Vidal, Renata Moura da Silva; Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7653434382631364
The search for information concerning both the physiology of childbirth and the rights of pregnant women may contribute to the empowerment of these women. However, the high number of unnecessary cesarean in obstetric care, as well as interventions in labor together with obstetric violence, may hinder this empowerment. This study aims to, intersubjectively, analyze childbirth experiences in the Unified Health System (UHS) from the experience of some women in São Carlos – SP. Its specific objectives are to identify the elements that help to enable and the elements that may hinder childbirth experiences and also to understand the influence of other women’s childbirth experiences, moreover, providing recommendations for improving obstetric care. The Communicative Methodology was chosen for this study. The data collection instruments were the communicative report and communicative discussion group. Data analysis was performed together with the participants, who have the same interpretative capacity as the researcher, but at different levels of understanding. The elements identified as enablers and hindrances were classified under System and World of Life, terms previously defined by the method. The results show that childbirth assistance has improved, but strategic changes are still needed. Therefore, the lack of integrated actions has put care quality in jeopardy.
Efeitos do Treino Cognitivo e educação em saúde sobre a cognição, sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Casemiro, Francine Golghetto; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9252888119725595
Introduction: With population aging, dementia has become one of the most relevant global public health problems. Among the different types, the one caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent, accounting for almost 60% of the cases. It is believed that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be an initial symptomatic form of AD. The literature indicates that this group, despite the difficulties, has preserved the capacity to learn new information and adapt its behavior. Among the interventions in Gerontology, Health Education (HE) and Cognitive Training (CT) can be important choices for the improvement in cognition and associated factors as well as in the functional capacity of this population. Thus, it is imperative to develop studies, which use strategies of interventions for these elderly. Objective: Analyze the effects of CT and HE on cognition, depressive and anxious symptoms in elderly with CCL. Method: This is a randomized controlled trial. In order to analyze the improvement of the scores in the cognitive tests (ACE-R, MEEM), symptoms of depression and anxiety (Beck Scale) and memory complaint in the post-test we used Student's t test for paired samples. Results: The mean age of the Health Education Group (HEG) was 68 years (± 6.05), 70% of the participants were female, 80% were married, all were retired with an average of 4.9 (± 3.34) years of schooling. Already the Cognitive Training Group (CTG), 100% were female, mean age of 79.2 years (± 5.84), schooling 6.71 years (± 4.33), 71.4% widows and 71, 4% retired. As for the control group (CG), mean age was 77.3 (± 6.31) years, with schooling of 7 (± 4.53) years, 75% female, 58.3% married, and 91 , 7% retired. When comparing pre-test and post-test evaluations, HEG showed significant improvement in cognitive attention / orientation domains (p = 0.026), memory (p = 0.001), language (p = 0.033), and overall ACE score -R (p = 0.003). For CTG there was a significant improvement in the symptoms of depression (p = 0.00); (P = 0.004), memory (p = 0.000), overall ACE-R score (p = 0.000), and MMSE (p = 0.004). Regarding the CG, although an increase in the scores of the evaluations indicating improvement in the clinical picture was observed, this improvement was not significant. Therefore the conclusion is that the opportunities for intervention through workshops are important antecedents of evolutionary gains in old age, because they are believed to intensify social contacts, exchange of experiences and knowledge as well as personal improvement.
Extensão Universitária: concepções, regulamentações e potencialidade na formação de professores na UFSCar Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Christofoletti, André Luís Messetti; Nascimento, Fabrício do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8813922035969355
This work is characterized as a qualitative research of the case study type. It analyzes the conceptions of extension present in the documents that guide the educational processes of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and, through semi-structured interviews, the conceptions of extension of professionals from the Center of Human and Biological Sciences (CCHB) of UFSCar - campus Sorocaba, as well as the relation of this activity to the formation of teachers. It presents a discussion about the university, the training of professors and the university extension, especially that realized in the scope of the CCHB. The theoretical framework of analysis considers the critical conception of extension (SILVA, 2000) and the assumptions for the critical and reflexive formation of teachers (LIBÂNEO, 2011). The documents analyzed present a procedural concept of extension, in order to guarantee a link between the university and the community in order to meet their needs. Most interviewed professionals understand the university extension also according to a procedural perspective, with few who conceive it in a perspective close to criticism (SILVA, 2000). These professionals tend to think of the initial and continuous formation of teachers in a dialogical perspective between the licenciandos, the teachers teachers and the teachers of the schools. In addition, they consider it essential that, through extension activities, future teachers can overcome the ideal school vision, think and construct educational possibilities for a real school. However, few see extension as a space of construction of a critical and reflexive practice, articulated to a critical conception. There is a need to reformulate PPPs for undergraduate courses in order to meet the goal stipulated by the PNE that 10% of curricular credits in Higher Education are linked to extension programs and activities by the year 2020 It is important to emphasize the need for research aimed at and with extension to become effective in the university, and that extension, when becoming full and critical, cross the walls of the university, place the theoretical and practical field as two halves of a Even all of it, allows the sharing of knowledge with the community, in the sense of making the university more democratic, critical, open to the population and social demands.
A variação da postura durante o uso do computador melhora a exposição física de trabalhadores? - efeito do uso de mesas com altura ajustável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Barbieri, Dechristian França; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7121101795186618
Percepção e tecnologia : a escuta em interação com os dispositivos tecnológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Cremonez, Bruno Henrique; Nespoli, Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0482744763085170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9644165637441679
The objective of this work is to analyze the current relationship that emerges from the coupling between human beings and the technological devices related to listening, considering changes that occur in these devices mainly from the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, such as miniaturization and proliferation. For the proposed analysis, we map the term technology, which reveals that there is a set of dynamic and non-linear forces acting behind each of these devices, opening a field for dialogical interactions between human and machine. We also map out the theories of listening that emerged in the twentieth century that spring from this dialogical relationship with technology or that take it into account in order to establish a field for thinking about what is at stake in these theories. We conclude the study with an analysis on the relationship between the listening and one of the most established sound devices currently: the smartphone.
Repercussões das intervenções preventivas sobre o uso de álcool e drogas entre adolescentes de ensino médio e fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Volpato, Rosa Maria Jacinto; Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6169516146338104
In Brazil and in the world, the use of licit and illicit drugs among adolescents is becoming more frequent and its onset more precocious. This use, even if experimental, according to the literature, occurs around the age of 13. It is of great importance to know and understand the expectations and the reasoning that leads to the use. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate groups of Elementary and Middle School students submitted to a school program to prevent alcohol and drug use, before and after receiving preventive interventions. It is a quasi-experimental study with evaluations before and after interventions. A total of 231 adolescents from primary and secondary education in São Carlos-SP, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, knowledge about the consequences of drug use, Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI - table 1 and area 1) and scales of expectations regarding the use of Alcohol and drugs in adolescents (EEPA-A and EED-A). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed using R® Software. The mean age was 13.62 ± 1.6, female (53.25%), 76% of elementary school and 24% of high school, 76% had religion, 85% had participated in alcohol and drugs prevention programs at school. The level of knowledge improved overall among adolescents after the intervention. The frequency of substance use in the last month, alcohol Fem. (T0 = 17% and T1 = 21%) and Male (T0 = 16% and T1 = 21%); marijuana Fem. (T0 = 4% and T1 = 10%) and Male (T0 = 9% and T1 = 7%); And tobacco Fem. (T0 = 5% and T1 = 4%) and Male (T0 = 8% and T1 = 4%); Inhalants /solvents Fem. (T0 = 4% and T1 = 4%) and Male (T0 = 3% and T1 = 3%); Cocaine / crack Fem. (T0 = 3% and T1 = 1%) and Male (T0 = 1% and T1 = 1%); other drugs Fem. (T0 = 17% and T1 = 17%) and Male (T0 = 13% and T1 = 7%)being the most frequently used among substances from 1 to 2 times. Pattern of consumption "non occasional users / users" Fem. (T0 = 42% and T1 = 40%) and Male (T0 = 38% and T1 = 34%); "Harmful use" Fem. (T0 = 8% and T1 = 7%) and Male (T0 = 7% and T1 = 9%); "Dependency indications" Fem. (T0 = 3% and T1 = 6%) and Male (T0 = 2% and T1 = 4%). Regarding the expectations, the use of drugs (EED-A) did not present post-intervention difference, the EEPA-A presented statistical difference in T1, the median was higher in the general group (p-value = 0.0021; p <0 , 05) and Male (P-value = 0.0086, p <0.05). We did not find significant changes in expectations for the adolescents after the intervention. We observed its effectiveness in relation to the use of certain substances and improvement of general knowledge. We conclude that, in addition to the development of specific programs, it is necessary that, in areas of vulnerability to the use of psychoactive substances, other longitudinal actions in the school context be implemented, within the scope of its pedagogical project.
Regulamentação e concepção das bibliotecas dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia : em busca de sua historicidade e identidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Santos, Maria Aparecida Brito; Gracioso, Luciana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1508667059823260
The history of the libraries of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology – IFs – is related to emergence of the latter, reflecting the historical trajectory of each institution. Their distinctive structure and school space full of diversity and specificities, in addition to the offer of education in different levels and modalities of teaching, directly influenced the organization and development of the libraries. Thus, the objective of this research is to understand the conception of these libraries before the educational, social and legal context of the IFs, in order to ascertain how their identity is being constructed before context exposed. To do that, an exploratory and documentary research was developed, in which a bibliographical survey on the history of professional technological education in Brazil and the history of the creation of the Federal Institutes was carried out, together with a documentary analysis on the main laws, institutional development plans of each IF, regiments and regulations of their libraries. From the results, it is possible to verify that: the libraries of the institutions of professional and technological education are included for the first time when, through Decree No. 5,773/2006, the Federal Centers of Technological Education - CEFETs - are authorized to offer higher education; With the creation of the IFs in 2008, through Law No. 11,892, the library is presented in all records as a mandatory sector, with no clear association to its pedagogical support function and is structured in the light of instruments and policies aimed at higher education.
Avaliação do Currículo Lattes como fonte de informação para construção de indicadores : o caso da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Bassoli, Marcela; Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0767710394930118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8200289439031449
The evaluation of scientific productivity is a reality of the Institutions of Higher Education and has been made from data extracted from worldwide consolidated databases especially the Web of Science. In Brazil, the Curriculum Lattes is a platform that brings together a broad set of data regarding the scientific career of Brazilian teachers. The present study evaluates the use of data extracted from Curriculum Lattes for the generation of bibliometric indicators, focusing on the evaluation of the scientific productivity of a Higher Education and Research Institution, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). For this, comparative bibliometric analyzes were performed, based on the data collection of UFSCar in the Web of Science and data from the Curriculum Lattes. For the extraction of the data through Curriculum Lattes was used the tool SyncLattes developed by the research group NIT/Materials, the data processing was done through Vantage Point software. As results, a set of comparative indicators on the scientific production of UFSCar was elaborated and analyzed from the data stored in the two databases. Based on the theoretical discussion and at analysis of results the conclusion is there was a huge total of data found in Curriculum Lattes and not at the Web of Science index, and they are completed and qualified enough to create bibliometric indicators, making Curriculum Lattes a valid database to evaluate Higher Education and Research Institutions. Thus, for studies focused on the elaboration of bibliometric indicators of an institution, it is recommended to use the Curriculum Lattes, combined with SyncLattes tool to extraction, in conjunction with the use of the Web of Science, to elaborate bibliometric studies of institutions Brazilian teaching and research.
Análise da influência do tronco e quadril em indivíduos com e sem discinese escapular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Pires, Elisa Doria; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0544865183812456
The scapula is a key component in the movements involving the upper limbs because, as it promotes a connection between the central segment of the body and upper distal segments. Based on that, the scapula is a link between the trunk and arm, and is part of the kinetic chain. As scapular dyskinesis can occur in the absence of shoulder symptoms, it is possible that alterations may also occur in other segments, such as trunk and hips in individuals without dyskinesis. Objective: The primary objective was to measure strength of the trunk flexors, trunk lateral flexors and hip extensors and abductors, and to compare the Y Balance Test (YBT) and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ) in indivuduals without and with scapular dyskinesis. The secondary purpose was to measure strength of lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and latissimus dorsi and endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles in the same individuals. Methods: Forty-four individuals without shoulder pain were divided in 2 groups: control group (26.00±4.10 years, 68.28±13.07 kg, 1.67±0.10 m) and scapular dyskinesis (23.68±4.20 years, 66.02±13.77 kg, 1.70±0.10 m). Scapular dyskinesis was assessed by clinical observation of the scapular motion during elevation of the arm in the sagittal and frontal planes, and was classified as “present” or “absent”. Present was considered when obvious dyskinesis was observed. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure the isometric muscle strength of the trunk flexors, trunk lateral flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, lower trapezius and serratus anterior, and latissimus dorsi. The YBT and YBT-UQ were performed in anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions, and in medial, superolateral, and inferolateral, respectively. The individuals were positioned in prone on a treatment table with the arm positioned at 135° arm abduction to determine the endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles. The order of tests was randomized. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normality of the data. Independent t test and Mann-Witney test were used for comparison between groups. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes between groups for all variables were calculated using the Cohen’s d coefficient. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between groups for all variables. However, Cohen’s d coefficient showed a moderate effect (d~0.40) for the trunk flexors and hip extensors, and endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles, whereas the scapular dyskinesis group showed less strength and endurance in relation to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that the trunk flexors, hip extensors muscles, and endurance of the scapulothoracic muscles seem to have influence in scapular dyskinesis in non-athletes without shoulder pain.
Obtenção e funcionalização da superfície da zeólita FAU particulada e imobilizada em fibras de PLA para a adsorção de corantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Mascarenhas, Bruno Cano; Paris, Elaine Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6838551502868218
The importance given to the environmental issue leads us to promote the search for resources that minimize the degradation of the environment, especially with respect to water resources area. In this context, there is a growing development of water treatment methods that promote the efficient removal of pollutants, among which, the adsorption process. The major problem in the use of adsorbents is adequate immobilization, which provides the removal and reuse of these compounds. Thus, the present work had the objective of obtaining FAU zeolite and PLA:FAU composite and evaluation of the adsorption capacity of dyes (Rhodamine B and Methylene blue) in aqueous medium. The zeolite particles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and the PLA: FAU composite was obtained by the electro-spinning technique. The zeolite was functionalized using mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) to increase surface hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic material was evaluated for the adsorption of dyes in aqueous medium, presenting efficiency higher than 90% for both dyes analyzed. With respect to the PLA: FAU composite, uniform fibers were obtained with addition of 20% FAU (in mass), with good distribution of the particles on the polymer matrix. The adsorption tests using the composite reveal that the material is promising for the removal of dyes in the aqueous medium by the adsorption process, maintaining efficiencies above 80% for rhodamine B and 90% for methylene blue after 90 min. The impregnation of Faujasite in PLA matrix allowed the applicability of the material as a potential adsorbent, because unlike the dispersed particulate in solution, it is easily removed from the medium by mechanical forces
A Congada de São Benedito em Ilhabela : processos educativos entre participantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Campos, Silmara Elena Alves de; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7824385449132217
South Motricities are motricities that constitute and sustain themselves in the ways of being and being in the world, in the ways of understanding the human, the universe and nature, of people, communities and peoples who have been and still are harmed / marginalized by the coloniality of the Knowledge, which are located in the geographical and / or metaphorical south. Thus, in a "sublimated" (non-guided) perspective, in a non-dichotomous universe between physical and mind, body and soul, sacred and profane, person and world that gives rise to the South Motricities, the diversity of experiences of fruition of games, fights, dances, parties, songs and stories of people, communities and socially marginalized people that are configured in a particular way, both in their understanding and in their execution, in the everyday life-to-life process. Such people, communities and peoples and their respective motives, even if they are marginalized by the dominant culture, can bring about practices: 1) refusal of determinism and oppressive rationalities; 2) teaching and learning characteristic of these groups; 3) actions for the search for freedom, solidarity, resistance and claim, understood as counterpoints necessary to overcome a system of hegemonic and oppressive practices and knowledge, which attributes to the South Motricities a strong identity, counter-hegemonic and resistance character to the epistemological north. The epistemological opposition demands looking at the subjects's experience, investigating with others, in horizontal dialogue, knowledge/motricity that resisted successfully in the way of epistemology. The development of this thesis is based on theoretical references lined and articulated around studies of human motricity, epistemology from south and dialogical pedagogy that are ontological perspective of human beings to transcend themselves and are related to the possibility of overcoming oppressive and dehumanizing realities. In this sense, the objective of this research was to understand the educational processes involved in the construction of South Motricities in São Benedito Congada in the municipality of Ilhabela/SP. Considers that the time-spaces inhabited by South Motricities involve games, fights, dances, celebrations, songs and stories of tradition and resistance of a people and are thus kept, created, recreated, renowned, presentified and designed as culture alive that is. Were conducted interviews with 22 participants, being 8 women and 14 men, in the period between march 2015 and september 2016. For the collection of datas were carried out interviews. The analysis of datas was inspired on the phenomenology, situated phenomenon modality, made possible the setting of three categories: A) The origins and maintenance of tradition; B) Devotion and belonging; C) Party and communion. Among the educational processes generated in Congada from São Benedito can be observed, those who are refered to the myths of origin, resistance, oppression, communion, as well as, those that show different ways of being and being to the world and to religion, as constituent parts of this community.
Além dos estereótipos. A construção dos marginalizados em Entre rinhas de cachorros e porcos abatidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Chacaliaza Cruz, Sonia Maria; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9527239090799166
El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la construcción de los personajes marginalizados en el libro Entre rinhas de cachorros e porcos abatidos de la escritora brasilera Ana Paula Maia (2009). Enfocándonos en el papel del narrador como el gran organizador de las historias, se pretende analizar como este observa a los marginalizados representados. Para ese objetivo resulta importante entender que la construcción de las historias y personajes se realiza en dos niveles, tradicionalmente denominados como de forma y de contenido. Sobre el nivel de la forma, se analizará en el primer capítulo la forma cómo el narrador contemporáneo estructura las historias. Éstas son contadas bajo la influencia de sistemas de representación provenientes del cine y la televisión, aspectos que son apropiados por el narrador, bajo la forma de estrategias narrativas que funcionan como aspectos que dan “autenticidad” a las narrativas. El segundo y tercer capítulo pretenden analizar la postura del narrador a nivel discursivo o de contenido, así como también a construcción discursiva de los personajes marginalizados. En el segundo capítulo se presenta cómo el narrador adquiere una mirada y posición irónicas que, según nuestra lectura, pretenden desestabilizar los estereotipos con que son caracterizados generalmente los marginales/marginalizados. El narrador exagera algunas características que son atribuidas a los marginalizados como la pobreza, la falta de educación y la violencia con que actúan, esos aspectos son presentados por el narrador de modo hiperbólico irónico, transformando tales características como irreales o híper-simuladas. El tercer capítulo presenta un narrador distinto al de la primera novela, sin embargo él también tiene como objetivo cuestionar los prejuicios con que son vistos – mejor dicho, ignorados – un sector de los marginalizados que trabaja con los deshechos materiales y humanos producidos por la ciudad. En esta novela el narrador adquiere una visión cínico-quínica de los marginalizados y de la ciudad. Siguiendo los postulados de Peter Sloterdijk, la novela se construye como un enfrentamiento entre el marginalizado incivilizado y la ciudad “civilizada”. Esta confrontación muestra el cinismo que impera en la sociedad e como ésta observa a los seres marginalizados, de igual modo muestra la mirada cínica del marginalizado e la visión del narrador, quien también proyecta una mirada cínico-quínica.
Alfabetização científica e tecnológica com professores do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Miranda, Marcos Cesar Rodrigues de; Marques, Rosebelly Nunes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-3211; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5483052790025156; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4442-9971
The Scientific and Technological Literacy (ACT) with Teachers of Elementary Education is a work that is being developed with the intention of guiding the teachers in their educative action with students, so that they have the importance of ACT in their daily life. The need for ACT insertion in the initial grades of schooling is justified by the change that results in each individual, who can understand the phenomena that surround him and thereby improve society. Knowing this, the objective of this research is the elaboration of a course targeting primary school teachers, with elements that can include ACT in teaching practice in elementary education, through which teachers can have contact with the main ideas about the Knowledge of practical activities in their daily classroom. Inserting ACT into teacher training and teaching practice, it reinforces the importance of reflective practice and continuing education. All the work will be developed using the Qualitative Approach as Research methodology and content analysis that as a method, becomes a set of communication analysis techniques that uses systematic procedures and objectives to describe the content of the messages. The research was based on a bibliographic review that sought in several articles the criteria chosen to compose the course, which were: theme, keyword and if possible demonstrate an application context. The instruments of data collection involved the analysis of articles for the elaboration of the modules, the production of questionnaires. This preliminary questionnaire aims to draw the profile of the target audience, reading and analyzing articles, discussion forums and questionnaires with objective and dissertative questions, and a proposal for the elaboration of a project at the end where the teacher uses his conceptions built during the course. We selected 3 articles per module, totaling 24 articles that will serve as a reference for study in the course. In an analysis of the results in the elaboration of the course, we can present some conclusions: In a course destined to the application in the distance mode one must take into account: the creation of a self instructional material so that it allows the student to have a proper learning pace, Assess the contents, allow self-evaluation, have the opportunity of immediate application of learning, develop autonomy of thought and action. The dynamics of the course must respect the reality of its target audience, its conceptions, schooling, professional profile, previous experiences related to the course and its reading habits. Construct a didactic material that allows an interaction with the participants and teacher and with their peers. Choose carefully the application platform so that it is a tool for facilitating the interaction between those involved. Clearly define the proposal and the evaluation criteria of the course, always aiming for a formative evaluation. We can conclude that the elaboration of a scientific and technological literacy course for elementary school teachers is extremely important to help them in this arduous task of building a society that is more just and concerned with the environment in which they live. Idea that the research can contribute to improve the education of the elementary school teacher and its practice.
Solução do problema da conjugação para algumas extensões de grupos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Sgobbi, Wagner Carvalho; Vendrúscolo, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8536818102991005
This essay is a detailed introductory study of Combinatorial Group Theory and one of its three classical problems: the Conjugacy Problem. We studied its solution for several classes of group extensions, obtained in [1] and [2]. Among the results, we point out its solution for free-by-cyclic groups and for some free extensions of the form Znx^Z, or Z2xA1,...,AmFm, or F2X\Vi,..,VmFm (with A e GL,n(Z), Ax,...,Am e GL2(Z) and p1,...,pm e Aut(F2)), as well as ZnxAl,...,AmFm with (A1,..., Am) < GLn(Z) a finite index or virtually solvable subgroup, or, finally, for groups of the type Fnx^1,...,^mFm, with (p1,...,<£m) < Aut(Fn) a finite index subgroup. We also studied solutions of the Twisted Conjugacy Problem for finitely generated free, polycyclic and surface groups. In the course of the text, one tries to argue in a simple and detailed way, providing the reader a first contact with Combinatorial Group Theory and a certain level of familiarity with its decision problems and with the vastly used concept of algorithm.
Histórias e memórias da institucionalização acadêmica da terapia ocupacional no Brasil : de meados da década de 1950 a 1983
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Reis, Stéphany Conceição Correia Alves Guedes; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5054911281522128
Only in the 1930s that guidelines were established to parameterize the university education in Brazil. This late development linked with educational conservatism and the centralizing policies of the state mobilized demands from students, teachers and society for the modernization and expansion of universities. Amidst these clashes, in the 1950s, occupational therapy was established in the country, resulting from a process of great expansion of rehabilitation around the world, in which the training of technical workforce to work in the area was essential. For that, the first technical courses of occupational therapy in Brazil were created in the 1950s, in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. In the following decade, in Pernambuco and Minas Gerais. Concomitant with the promulgation of the University Reform (1968) and the expansion of universities in the country, in the military regime (1964-1985), the profession was regulated to a university level (1969) and its graduate courses expanded to other Brazilian states, which demanded occupational therapists for teaching. However, this university character of professional qualification was consolidated only in 1983, when a consistent minimum curriculum was established to be implemented until 1984. Thus, this research aimed to understand the process of academic institutionalization of occupational therapy in Brazil, between the years of 1950 and 1983, based on the vision of those who were pioneers in this process. The work is developed through the precepts of the oral history of fourteen occupational therapists, pioneering teachers in the teaching of occupational therapy in the country. Through their memories expressed orally, it was possible to create primary sources about the history of occupational therapy and understand their academic paths and their propositions about the training in occupational therapy, as well as the courses they were connected to as teachers. Also, materials were collected from the personal files of the collaborators, which became documents for this research. Through the analysis of the narratives, the collected documents and the systematized bibliographical references, it was possible to reconstruct stories about the implantation of each of the occupational therapy courses, during the studied period. These stories are about the processes of creation of the first courses, their trajectories of consolidation and closure, when it was the case, and the development of the teaching career of professionals linked to the teaching of occupational therapy in such institutions. Finally, the individual trajectories of the pioneer teachers were highlighted with regard to the needs for the construction of this new professional category with the establishment of occupational therapy courses in Brazil, emphasizing common themes in the narratives and, also, the which was constitutive, although peculiar.
Transcriando Hamlet : uma leitura política da peça de Shakespeare e do filme de Zeffirelli
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Santos Júnior, Luiz Horácio dos; Ferreira, Carla Alexandra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0278336230225814
This dissertation aims to analyze William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet – prince of Denmark (1603) in dialogue with its filmic transcreation, Franco Zeffirelli’s Hamlet (1990) in order to verify the treatment given to the play’s theme: corruption, madness (real or fake) versus wisdom, incest, and Oedpus complex. On the assumption that for Haroldo de Campos (1994) tanscreating means not only to be loyal to the original text, but it also means to be free to create, which desmystifies the ideology of fidelity and abolishes the superiority of the source text to value the translation and the receiving culture, this research has a political reading of both play and film to go beyond the text surface through a better comprehension based on the historical, social and ideological factors of their productions. After all, the transformations made in the original text to suit the film to the 90’ s audience in another social and historical moment represent “forces that expand or reduce the work” (DINIZ, 2003, p.97). The interpretation method is the political reading in the three reading levels/horizons presented by Fredric Jameson in The Political Unconscious (1992).
Caracterização da alvenaria estrutural de alta resistência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Fortes, Ernesto Silva; Camacho, Jefferson Sidney; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5552821579207675; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1752423072387887
The research presented in this thesis consists of four parts. The first part reports the structural masonry properties characterization, with focus on determine the influence of the grout compressive strength to the compressive strength of grouted masonry constructed with high strength concrete masonry units, and the study of a new material used as dry capping in strength testing. The second part consists on the characterization of the compressive strength of high strength concrete blocks masonry walls, varying the mortar laying over the units, and evaluating the result of assembling a less resistant masonry bond-beam in the middle of the wall. The third part investigates the capacity and behavior of high strength concrete block masonry under concentric and eccentric axial loads and, finally, the fourth part evaluates the behavior of masonry frames with door and window openings under lateral force (bracing panels). The masonry here researched are build with concrete blocks with varying strengths from 32 to 75 MPa referred to the section gross area. Important information on the behavior of high strength masonry is reported from testing of 48 hollow and 162 grouted prisms, tested under axial compression. In addition, 36 mortar specimens, 162 grout sample and 18 blocos to determine the respective compressive strengths. A total of 474 high strength concrete blocks were tested to evaluate the use of dry capping materials to determine the compressive strength of concrete masonry units. In order to characterize the behavior of high strength masonry walls, thirty masonry walls, including hollow masonry and grouted, with and without a bond beam in the middle of the wall, and face shell and full-bed mortar joint, were tested under compression load. It was found that prism/unit ratio strength varies according to the block strength; the procedure of laying blocks with face shell-bed mortar joint is suitable for high strength concrete blocks, the value of wall: prism strength ratio of 0.7 can be adopted for high strength concrete blocks. The modulus of elasticity for masonry constructed with high strength blocos can be conservatively expressed as Em = 600 f´m, with no upper limits, as currently recommended for normal strength masonry by masonry design codes. Masonry walls are common structural members that typically resist compressive loads. Thus, a large number of such members are also required to resist combined axial load and bending, whether due to wind earthquake, or eccentricity of the axial compressive load. Therefore, seventy-two masonry prisms were constructed and tested under to evaluate the capacity and behavior of high strength structural masonry subject to compressive concentric and eccentric loading; both grouted and hollow prisms were considered. The results indicated that the load capacity of the prisms increases with increasing block strength; for prisms tested under eccentric loading, ultimate strain and ultimate stress at the extreme compressive fiber are larger than those of concentrically loaded specimens; the reduction in load capacity due to eccentric loading is more significant for grouted masonry than for their hollow counterparts; analysis of the results further, the flexural strength is 1.6 and 3 times higher than the axial strength for hollow and grouted masonry, respectively. And finally, in the experimental program developed at Brigham Young University jointly with the Unversity of Calgary, nine wall-assemblies, partially grouted and with opening were half-scale built and tested. The walls were subjected to cyclic lateral loading applied at the top of the wall through a reinforced concrete beam. It has been observed that the strength capacity of partially grouted walls with opening is similar in all cases tested, either the walls coupled with reinforced masonry beam or reinforced concrete beam, walls with door or window opening. For both cases of coupling, reinforced masonry beam and reinforced concrete beam, the wall-assemble behaves as a frame. No significant differences were observed in average lateral displacement and maximum lateral load, when coupling the walls with masonry beam or with reinforced concrete beams.
Produção de etanol empregando leveduras convencionais e termotolerantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-23) Vargas, Nayana Simon de; Araújo, Maria Lúcia Gonsales da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2478051365107560; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0636880437246474
To attend the increase in Brazilian ethanol consumption and exportation, and also to comply with the goals established in the COP 21 and Quioto protocol, it will be necessary to increase the ethanol production in the next years. This purpouse can be achieved by using new yeast strains, new raw materials, and new extraction techniques. Thus, the objeticve of this work was evaluated the ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus, a thermotolerant yeast, and its remotion by carbon dioxide stripping throughout the fermentation. In this work, fermentation experiments were carried out in agitated flasks in temperature range from 36 to 44 ºC using K. marxianus and in the range from 34 to 40 oC using Saccharomyces cereviae (commercial and industrial strains) to compare the performance of both yeasts. Thermotholerant yeast was evaluated using a medium composed by sweet sorghum and molasses in experiments carried out in agitated flasks at 40 oC. Assays with K. marxianus were carried out in a bioreactor (2 L) operated in batch mode and using carbon dioxide stripping (specific flow rates of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 vvm) . For all fermentation experiments the main kinetic parameters and yields were calculated. The fermentation process was modeled using Levenspiel kinetic. Stripping process was also modeled considering a first order kinetic. The model parameters were estimated by genetic optimization algorithm. Fermentations carried out at 40 oC with K. marxianus yeast exhibit a similar performance to that obtained in most Brazilian mills. Sweet sorghum demonstrated to be a promising raw material and the thermotolerant strain was able to consume all the sugars present in the broth. In the stripping experiments it was observed an increase in the value of the ethanol volumetric productivity. The higher value (9.02 gE/L∙h) was obtained in the experiment carried out at 1.0 vvm. The proposed mathematical model was able to adequately describe the fermentation processes.