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Recobrimento do solo e oferta de frutos por espécies arbóreas na restauração florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-03) Almeida, Crislaine de; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814992165391398
The approach used for forest restoration depends on the degraded ecosystem resilience. When sites have surpassed the thresholds of resilience, we need active restoration techniques, and the plantation of tree seedlings in the whole area is the most common one. A fast soil cover and a good animal-dispersed fruits supply are desirable characteristics for restoration plantings because they promote invasive grasses suppression and accelerate natural regeneration. However, if the selected species for planting are inappropriate, ecological succession may be not recovered and/or restoration may take a longer time and become more expensive. Thus, it is pertinent to understand how planted trees interact with the environment in restoration sites. This research aims to answer how tree species used for soil coverage promote floor shading and how animal-dispersed species provide fruits to seed dispersers in young forest restoration plantings. First, to assess floor shading, 14 species had their crown architecture and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception evaluated in three years old restoration plantings. We compared PAR interception among species, seasons (dry and rainy) and areas and evaluated which crown architecture traits are the best predictors of PAR interception. Besides, to assess fruit provision, 17 animal-dispersed species in six three to eight years old sites were evaluated regarding age of first fruiting, periodicity and intensity of fruit production. We also evaluated if older sites had a higher and more uniform and intensity fruit production. We found that species differ in PAR interception for both the dry and the rainy season; PAR interception varies between sites for a given species and that for many species PAR interception varies between seasons, indicating that a good shading species in the rainy season sometimes is a poor shading in the dry season. Besides, for the rainy season, lower tree height and first branch height, and greater diameter at breast height and leaf size are the best predictors for PAR interception, while for the dry season the capacity of prediction is weaker and represented by lower tree height, greater crown area and greater leaf size. Older sites did not have a more uniform fruit production, and only threefrom 17 species produced fruits every month, being those the only ones with fruits in this season. Five species have not produced fruits until eight years old, indicating that a better selection of species is needed if we want a better fruit provision in young restoration plantings. In conclusion, not all the species considered as good shade trees so far, are in fact promoting a good PAR interception because this characteristic cannot be fully predict only by canopy structure traits. Thus, it is important to include other variables, such as foliar phenology and species’ responses to competition and to management and environmental conditions for the selection of good shading trees for restoration plantings. Moreover, not all planted animal-dispersed species have fruit provision (precocity, uniformity, and intensity) in young forest restoration plantings and this ability could be better used for selecting the best species for restoring functioning in degraded sites.
Terapia Assistida por Animais: sua eficácia no desempenho cognitivo de idosos institucionalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-03) Franceschini, Belinda Talarico; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8194751437786688
Ageing is a process which brings a number of biopsychosocial changes and, now a days, this process is a demographic reality due to population ageing. In view of this it’s seen the increase of the prevalence of cognitive changes and institutionalization in elderly people, both factors that are harmful for their health. This points out the necessity of a quality of life improvement strategy for elderly people, and the Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) is a strategy that has contributed to this. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of AAT, specifically Cinoterapia, in cognitive development and depressive symptoms of elderly people. This is an experimental study, therefore, it aims to explore the connection between the variables, and, specifically in this case, the relation between AAT and cognitive development of institutionalized elders. This study is the pre-test-post-test type, aiming to measure the individual level of change after the AAT intervention. The instruments used were Mini-Mental State Examination, verbal fluency test animals category and the Geriatric Depression Scale (15 points version). The location used for this study was a Long-Term Care Institution in São Carlos where thirteen residents with cognitive decline pointed by the instruments used agreed to participate. The participants were separated in two groups, the Experimental Group (subjected to intervention) and Control Group (not subjected to intervention).Based on the results of the instruments e and the behavior of the participants, the data collected before and after the test show us that AAT is an effective strategy for the cognitive performance and quality of life of institutionalized elders.
Professor de inglês e o livro didático : concepções teóricas presentes nas orientações do Manual do professor da coleção “Take over”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-03) Marcasso, Fabiana; Gregolin, Isadora Valencise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1043790757387395
Among too much difficulties which affect the success of English teachers of public schools, this search aimed to analyse the teacher profile developed by the didatic book entitled “Take Over” of the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2015). Through it we offer the reflection about the relationship between the didatic book and the teacher. For this search the prescriptions of the teacher´s book version of the book “Take Over” were analysed, as well as the teacher´s manual available at the end of the book. Besides, we focused on one of the key concepts of theoretical fundamentation of this material: the concept of contextualization. The analysis considers many aspects, such as: the modalizations, the kind of knowledge the authors of this book believe the modern English teachers have, the theoretic – methodological tendencies of these didatic books. So, this is a bibliographical research.
Utilização de resíduos de poliuretano expandido na moldagem por injeção de compósito de matriz de polietileno de alta densidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-03) Teixeira, André Luiz; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6540547156782602
For a few years now polymeric materials have been ever present around the whole globe. Polyurethane (PU) for example is the sixth most produced polymer globally, generating with that a considerable amount of scrap due to industrialization processes, usage or end of its life cycle. About this, the present dissertation proposes to reprocess industrially discarded PU through mechanical recycling and injection molding to validate reusing this waste, reducing the amount sent to landfill. In order to do that PU scrap was physically mixed with high density polyethylene (HDPE), a commodity polymer, in pellets. PU was obtained from industrial waste of an earplug production process and HPE was bought in local market. PU scrap was obtained as a polymeric blanket that was later milled and micronized. Three different mixtures were manually prepared and placed into an industrial scale injection molding machine which resulted in the production of test specimens of 2%, 5% and 7% in mass of micronized PU into a HDPE matrix. Test specimens were submitted to flexural, tension and impact testing and the results were compared to the properties of 100% virgin specimens and with literature data. The samples indicated that adding PU decreased impact resistance but kept the performance on flexural and tension strengths, even increasing maximum deformation. Regarding thermal properties, the studied material presented the same melt and crystallization temperatures results for Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as well as loss and storage modulus for Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a decreased to the mass loss peak temperature when PU percentage increased. Nonetheless, considering all mechanical and thermal properties analyzed, present study shows that reusing the PU scrap is a viable option, given the appropriate process conditions.
História da Escola Normal do Colégio Providência de Mariana – MG (1902 - 1930)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-03) Silva, José Gustavo Almeida da; Buffa, Ester; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8723354256930377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3568899698011838
The current work is inserted in the investigations proposed at the History of the Education field, following the researches refered to the History of Institutional Education. The object of our analysis is the Normal School of the Colégio Providência, that was located in the city of Mariana – MG, covering its existence at the first decades of the twentieth century, between the years of 1902 (time of its inauguration) and 1930 (when its facilities were broadened and modified), therefore, this research is inserted at the historical period called The First Republic of Brazil, covering the years of 1889 and 1930. The normal school was created by the Sisters Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul and inserted into the Colégio Providência headquarters, a school institution that already functioned in Mariana since the middle of nineteenth century. The normal school focuses on women’s education, as well as the primary school directed by this congregation. The work will present the means by which this institution performed the role of teachers training, based on catholic ideals, as well as in the model of education already used in the primary course: the vincentian pedagogy. As a guideline, we have the analysis of the project stablished for the Normal School at the beginning of the Republic period, along with intense educational reforms on the first decades of the twentieth century, period that was at its height through the consolidation of the position of this institution as the main reference on teacher’s training. The research have been oriented by a bibliography related to the themes approached and by the data collected in primary (inside the normal school) and secondary (periodicals, decrees, laws, reports) documents from the comprehension of the historical context and historical-educational period in which this institution operates, organizing itself from a more expanded conception (national, interstates) to get into the particular field (regional, municipal, institutional), focusing at the local specificities to better understand them in their complexity, also placing them in reference to the national education context of the beginning of the republican period.