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Abordagem centrada na atividade para decisões tecnológicas: estudo de caso em cooperativas de catadores de materiais recicláveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-08) Souza, Renato Luvizoto Rodrigues de; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4342269884886020
Since the emergence of recyclable waste pickers’ organizations in the 1990s, these organizations have been responsible for helping in closing the gap left by the public service in waste collection and sorting. Despite the representativeness of the activities developed by these cooperatives and associations in terms of environmental and social aspects, few efforts are made by the public service to provide better facilities, equipment and working conditions to these organizations. This research is focused on the challenges faced for the structuring of waste pickers’ organizations so that they can develop their activities considering productive efficiency and health criteria. In this setting, this research is framed by the following question: how can one incorporate the real work of operators in the technological decisions of waste pickers’ cooperatives? From this question, the goal of this research was to investigate the origins and uses of technologies in collectors’ cooperatives to develop approaches to support the incorporation of the activity in the technological decisions in waste pickers’ cooperatives. Two case studies in two cooperatives were conducted following the theoretical standpoint of the Activity Ergonomics, in which emphasis is placed in the distance between the task and the activity. In this stage the main focus of observations were the artifacts and instruments used materials handling and the facilities, aiming to achieve a better understanding on how the facilities and artifacts were planned and acquired, how the technological adaptations were carried out and workers’ usage of these resources in daily operations. The data show that due to the lack of participation on technological decisions, cooperatives need to adequate spaces, flows and workstations, besides using improvised artifacts as a way to achieve production goals. As outcomes from these aspects and focusing on the technological decisions associated to the facilities and artifacts were developed: a diagnosis tool for decisions planning that enables waste pickers’ organizations to understand their current and future development stages and an articulation between the activity-centered approach and participatory design approaches that enable not only the analysis of the current activity, but also the incorporation of the activity in future work systems design by means of collective decision processes. Furthermore, the structuring of waste pickers’ organizations must be aligned with the demands and specificities of these organizations. In addition, the understanding of the work actually performed at these enterprises and the participation of the involved actors in the decision processes ate the main requirements of the technological decision process.
A sociologia econômica nos Estados Unidos: principais autores, conceitos e debates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-08) Jardim, Maria Chaves; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1100188232208602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
O artigo revisa a literatura da sociologia econômica, área que alcançou rápida institucionalização a partir do diálogo crítico com a economia neoclássica. Considerando a importância que a área conquistou e a ausência de levantamento bibliográfico no Brasil sobre a produção nos Estados Unidos, o objetivo deste artigo é construir um “estado da arte” da sociologia econômica produzida nesse país, identificando os principais autores, ferramentas teóricas e debates. Argumentamos que a área se constituiu em torno do conceito de enraizamento, utilizado por Karl Polanyi e recuperado por Mark Granovetter, e que inspira direta ou indiretamente autores e organiza os debates do campo.
Escalabilidade de aplicações Bag-of-Tasks em plataformas distribuídas heterogêneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-08) Souza, Jaime Freire de; Senger, Hermes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3691742159298316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1009040699964014
Bag-of-Tasks (BoT) applications are parallel applications composed of independent (i.e., embarrassingly parallel) tasks, which do not communicate with each other, may depend upon one or more input files, and can be executed in any order. BoT applications are very frequent in several scientific areas, and it is the ideal application class for execution on large distributed computing systems composed of hundreds to many thousands of computational resources. This paper focusses on the scalability of BoT applications running on large heterogeneous distributed computing systems organized as a master-slave platform. The results demonstrate that heterogeneous master-slave platforms can achieve higher scalability than homogeneous platforms for the execution of BoT applications, when the computational power of individual nodes in the homogeneous platform is fixed. However, when individual nodes of the homogeneous platform can scale-up, experiments show that master-slave platforms can achieve near linear speedups.
As travestis no cinema da boca do lixo e na pornografia digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-04-08) Santos, Dionys Melo dos; Leite Júnior, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9877582726023800
This research aims to analyze, through the comparative method, the process of insertion of Brazilian transvestites and transsexuals into audiovisual pornographic production. It was decided to work with two distinct moments: the beginning of this type of production in Brazil during the 1980s in the context of the explicit cinematographic production of boca do lixo paulistana, and in its more contemporary phase guided by a context of production, distribution and consumption mediated by digital technologies. So, in the second moment, we chose to work with some specific sites: I) the websites that make up pornographic distribution conglomerate Pornhub Network (specifically, the most accessed platforms such as pornhub.com and redtube.com) and II) the site specialized in pornography with transsexuals Shemale Tube (ashemaletube.com). All of these platforms have as characteristics the distribution of their contents for free, which favors the increase in their access and search flows. Based on a bibliographical and documentary research on aspects of pornographic production in modernity, we intend to investigate how the body of Brazilian transvestites and transsexuals appears within the audiovisual pornographic tradition.