Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2020-03-27"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 20

Desenvolvimento de fibras compósitas ultrafinas de policaprolactona, pectina e zeólita faujasita para acondicionamento de cloxacilina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Rivas, Bárbara Bernardi Pedreira; Paris, Elaine Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1577462733670822
Bovine mastitis and hoof diseases are infections responsible for great economic losses in the Brazilian agricultural sector. Such losses are associated with a reduction in milk and meat production leading to extreme cases of premature loss of infected animals. Conventional drug applications to treat these infections offer difficulties in application, causing pain and stress to the animal. In this sense, the use of fiber-based dressings is attractive because it is less invasive and provides better recovery conditions. Thus, the present study aimed to obtain biopolymeric fibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and pectin (PEC) reinforced with faujasite zeolite (FAU) designed for cloxacillin loading. The FAU phase was optimized using the sol-gel method, with hydrothermal treatment varying between 2 and 6 h. Electrospinning parameters and polymers concentrations were varied in order to achieve PCL:PEC fibers with best properties. The optimal combination of the PCL: PEC blend was used to immobilize FAU (2.5% w/w) in order to improve ceramic reinforcement in the fibers. Finally, fibers bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated after loading 20% (w/w) cloxacillin. The X ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyzes confirmed that 3 h of treatment formed the FAU phase without contamination, with polydispersed sizes in the range of 100 to 2000 nm and a high specific surface area of 347 m2 g-1. Zeta potential indicated that the particles are stable in dispersion, presenting a value of - 48 mV. Thus, FAU particles have high specific surface area and desirable dispersibility to reinforce the membrane with homogeneity. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that 10% (m/v) of PCL, flow of 1,2 mL h-1 and spinning distance of 10 cm yielded the most homogeneous fibers with the smallest diameter (240 nm). PCL:PEC thermogravimetric analysis profiles indicated that 10% (m/m) is the maximum pectin content capable of being inserted into the fiber. Fibers contact angle and microscopy images after degradation essay, in phosphate buffer medium (pH 5,5), showed that 10% PEC increased the membrane hydrophilicity, from 126° to 104°, accelerating the fiber degradation process. For PCL:PEC:FAU fibers it was possible to verify that the presence of FAU contributed to the increase in hydrophilicity, resulting in an angle of 81°, and also improved the material tensile strength, increasing from 0.5 to 3 MPa. The fibers loaded with cloxacillin presented an inhibition halo for the bactericidal assay with Staphylococcus aureus, indicating the antimicrobial activity through the diffusion of the antibiotic. In this way, PCL:PEC:FAU composite fibers presented desirable properties such as greater hydrophilicity, resistance to traction and bactericidal activity, suggesting its potential as transdermal membranes for wounds.
Modificações ventilatórias induzidas pela hipóxia intermitente aguda em condições não anestesiadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Mendonça Junior, Bolival Apparecido; Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3183025514588182
It has been described that intermittent hypoxia (IH, periods of hypoxia followed by normoxia), as observed in some pathological situations, promotes, acutely, a sustained increase in respiratory motor activity, dependent on the release of serotonin in areas of the central nervous system (brainstem and spinal cord). This effect has been demonstrated mostly in vagotomized and anesthetized animal preparations, which exhibited a potentiation of inspiratory and expiratory motor activities in response to acute IH (AIH). Evidence about the effects of AIH on respiratory activity in non-anesthetized conditions is scarce, especially considering the possible changes in the partial pressure of blood gases and body temperature that might follow such respiratory changes. In the present study, we found that pulmonary ventilation of unanesthetized Holtzman rats (80-150g, n = 9) submitted to 10 cycles of AIH (6% O2 for 30-40 s, every 5 minutes) was elevated compared to control animals (maintained in normoxia, n = 13), due to a long-lasting increase in tidal volume (P <0.05), but not in respiratory frequency, which peaked 30 minutes after the last hypoxia exposure. AIH-treated rats also exhibited increased expiratory flow events during the second stage of the expiratory phase, indicating the presence of active expiratory pattern (events not seen in control animals). The compensatory increase in ventilation and active expiration elicited by AIH were associated with reduced arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2, n = 5) and a significant reduction in body temperature (n = 6, P <0.05). The pre-treatment with the antagonist for serotonin type 2 receptor (5-HT2), ketanserin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), was able to prevent the ventilatory changes induced by AIH, the emergence of active expiration (n = 11) and the reduction in PaCO2 (n = 5). On the other hand, ketanserin treatment potentiated the AIH-mediated response of the reduction in body temperature (n = 5, P <0.05). Moreover, we verified that the generation of active expiration after AIH was not associated with the phosphorylation of AMPA glutamate receptors (n = 3 / group) in the retotrapezoid nucleus – a brainstem region related to the generation of active expiration – thus demonstrating that it might occur through other mechanisms. Our findings indicate that AIH, in unanesthetized conditions, promotes a long-term increase in pulmonary ventilation associated with changes in the breathing pattern (generation of active expiration) and changes in body temperature. Such respiratory modifications are associated with the recruitment of serotonergic signaling, while a decrease in body temperature that does not require the activation of 5-HT2 receptors.
Ocupações de mães de bebês pré-termos durante a internação e após a alta hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Menegat, Danusa; Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2631530907050078
Introduction: Occupations refer to practical and intentional activities that allow people to act independently and acquire a sense of identity. The construction of a person's occupational identity is shaped, over time, by occupational experiences. Mothers of preterm babies face numerous challenges in their occupational performance, which can threaten the development of occupational identity as a mother. This theme is little explored in research. Objective: To identify the occupations of mothers of preterm babies in the contexts of hospitalization and hospital discharge, and to analyze their relationship with the process of construction of maternal occupational identity. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, using the Human Occupation Model (MOH) as a conceptual framework. Data were collected during the baby's admission to the Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NICU); in the first week and one month after hospital discharge, at the baby's consultation at the High Risk Follow-up Clinic at the same institution. Nine women participated, mothers of preterm newborns admitted to the NICU, graduating from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), from an institution located in the city of São Paulo. The following instruments were used: 1) Identification Form; 2) Diary of Occupations and 3) Semi-structured interview. For the analysis, the data from the interviews were recorded and the transcripts were subjected to thematic content analysis; the results found in the Occupation Diaries were distributed based on the definitions and classifications of occupations and activities presented by the American Association of Occupational Therapy (AOTA). Results: Occupations related to motherhood concern the care and interaction with the child, the preparation for the baby's discharge from the learnings at the NICU and the performance of the maternal role at home, with autonomy and responsibility, although receiving support family members. After discharge, occupational changes occur, mainly, taking precautions with a preterm baby, such as, for example, restrictions on visits and administration of the baby's medications without constant help from the team. From the interviews, five thematic categories emerged: Pregnancy; Birth of a preterm; Maternity in the face of the child's hospitalization: difficulties and limitations; Child hospitalization: facilitating aspects and Construction of maternal occupational identity. Still, the semi-structured interview allowed the identification of occupations related to motherhood, considered significant / important and satisfactory / pleasurable, in the mothers' perception, in the three moments of the research. During the baby's hospitalization, the participants considered the activities as significant and satisfactory: breastfeeding / offering milk, taking care of the child and observing the team. One week after hospital discharge, visit restriction was considered a significant activity; and being with the baby all the time generated satisfaction. One month after discharge, those activities considered significant and satisfactory were the activities related to the interaction; and the child's basic and health care, such as the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and administering medication, which are only significant. Discussion: The study allowed to know the construction of the occupational identity of mothers of preterm babies from the identification of occupations that made sense to them and the changes experienced in this process. In addition, the hospital and home environment demanded changes and daily occupational choices that expressed the transformation in the occupational identity of the participants. The data reaffirm the maternity of the preterm child, as a private experience and permeated by environmental, social and emotional contexts in facing this new reality. Final considerations: The data obtained are similar to studies on the maternity of a preterm baby, however, the direction for Occupational Therapy brought a unique aspect to this research, since it pointed out the activities performed, related to motherhood from the perspective occupation, by mothers who start this role in an environment and with a baby “different” from what is naturally expected. In addition, the study contributes to the understanding of the construction of maternal occupational identity in the context of hospitalization of preterm babies and in the first days at home, using the MOH precepts, which can assist in the instrumentalization of Occupational Therapists for the practice with mothers, facilitating them to engage in activities that constitute the complex world of motherhood as an occupation.
The crew scheduling and routing problem in road restoration
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Arteaga, Alfredo Daniel Moreno; Alem Junior, Douglas José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0744448264150067; Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8809415112629602
Extreme events as large-scale disasters can cause partial or total disruption of basic services such as water, energy, communication and transportation. In particular, recovering the transportation infrastructure is of ultimate importance in post-disaster situations, to enable the evacuation of victims and the distribution of supplies to affected areas. Road restoration, one of the main activities in this context, is a complex activity due to its inherent decisions that must be taken quickly and under uncertainty, such as the allocation of resources and the scheduling/routing of the crews that perform the restoration activities. In this thesis, we address road restoration by means of the Crew Scheduling and Routing Problem (CSRP), which integrates scheduling and routing decisions. The problem also involves the design of relief paths to connect a supply depot to demand nodes that become accessible only after the damaged nodes in these paths are repaired. We start addressing the basic variant of the CSRP, which considers a single crew available to perform the repair operations and minimizes the accessibility time of the demand nodes. Then, we extend the problem to consider multiple heterogeneous crews and uncertainties in the repair times via robust optimization. Also, we introduce the minimization of the latency of the demand nodes, where the latency of a node is defined as the accessibility time plus the travel time from the depot to that node. To solve the CSRP and the proposed extensions, effective solution methods based on Benders decomposition are proposed. We propose three types of solution approaches: branch-and-Benders-cut algorithms (BBC), metaheuristics based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithm, and hybrid branch-and-Benders-cut algorithms (HBBC). We develop two BBC algorithms. The first BBC has a master problem with scheduling decisions while the crew routing and the design of relief paths are considered in the subproblems. The second BBC considers the crew scheduling and relief path decisions in the master problem and a subproblem with the routing decisions. The metaheuristics operate on a subproblem representing the scheduling decisions and call for specialized algorithms to optimize the crew routing and the relief path decisions as well as to determine the feasibility and cost of the proposed schedule in the original CSRP. The HBBC combines the metaheuristics with the BBC algorithm. Computational experiments using instances from the literature are performed to verify the performance of the solution methods. The experiments show that the solution approaches developed so far improve the results of other exact and heuristic methods from the literature for the single crew CSRP. Computational experiments with real-world instances based on real disaster situations, such as floods and mass movements in the state of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, are performed to validate the new proposed multicrew and robust extensions of the problem and they show that the proposed approaches are able to find good quality solutions for practical-sized instances.
Comportamento de clones de eucalipto à seca dos ponteiros laterais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Oliveira, Luis Fernando de; Zauza, Edival Angelo Valverde; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7064703296745736; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2980597268551456
Eucalyptus forests in Brazil are a major driving force in the economy, especially with regard to the paper and cellulose, furniture, wood and energy sectors. However, due to the occupation of the species throughout the national territory, diseases (biotic and abiotic) have become a limiting factor for the eucalyptus production chain, causing great losses. Among the diseases, the drought of lateral pointers (SPL), or drought by Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti, is, according to specialists, a new disease emerging in national eucalyptus culture. The main strategies for managing the disease are genetic control through the selection of resistant clones, planting in micro-regions unfavorable to the pathogen (escape by location) and unfavorable time of year for the growth of the pathogen (phenological asynchrony). In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the behavior of eucalyptus clones to SPL, in Mucuri, Bahia. The experiment was conducted in an experimental design with 6 randomized blocks, 176 clones and 6 plants per plot, with data collections carried out between the months of June 2017 and March 2018. For the data analysis, the Skott- Knot at 5% probability, with the objective of forming homogeneous groups. The area under the disease progress curve was also calculated to analyze the behavior of the clone in relation to the disease and, finally, a dendrogram diagram was constructed to determine the groups according to the levels of susceptibility. Therefore, it was obtained the formation of three main groups classifying the clones as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible.
A influência das relações de gênero na divisão de tarefas familiares e na violência entre parceiros íntimos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Bertho, Maria Alice Centanin; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4494086545765959
Issues of gender inequality and its consequences for women are widely discussed today. In the family context, these issues are present and are evidenced by the lack of equity in the distribution of domestic work and parenting among spouses and violence between intimate partners. It is understood that gender inequalities are maintained by gender stereotypes perpetuated socially and in the family. The present study has the general objective of identifying individual, family and marital aspects present in the interaction of heterosexual couples based on a gender analysis. Specific objectives are considered: (1) to verify prescriptive gender stereotypes in individuals of both sexes; (2) to verify how individuals of both sexes perceive the division of domestic tasks and parenting; (3) to compare the differences in involvement, according to gender, regarding the type of household and parenting tasks (practical and management); (4) verify the indicators of violence between intimate partners; (5) check indicators of well-being (quality of life, self-esteem, marital satisfaction); (6) verify the correlation of prescriptive gender stereotypes with the other variables evaluated: (a) division of domestic tasks and parenting and (b) indicators of violence between intimate partners. 130 individuals participated (102 women and 28 men), aged between 18-60 years (M = 35.92; SD = 9.32), who worked in a paid job, lived in the same house and were in a heterosexual relationship. Participants answered an online form containing the following instruments: Criterion Brazil; Revised conflict tactics scales - CTS2; Scale of gender roles; WHOQOL-bref (World Health Organization Quality of Life - short version); Rosemberg self-esteem scale; Scale of emotional support received from the spouse; Scale of division of domestic tasks and parenting. Descriptive analyzes of the data were performed based on the calculation of mean and standard deviation and frequency analyzes. The comparison between means of the groups (men and women) was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and the frequency comparisons using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test. The characterization data showed that 89.2% of the participants are part of the economic classification classes A, B1 and B2, 70.8% were married and 53.8% had a child (ren). The results indicated that there are differences between the perception of men and women regarding the division of family tasks, and that they indicate carrying out activities more frequently while men stated that they share them equally with their partner, especially for parenting tasks. The difference between practical and management tasks also demonstrated such a difference between genders. There was no statistically significant difference for IPV measurements. Regarding well-being indicators, women had a lower average psychological domain. Considering participants with and without children, the difference was significant for the physical domain, lower for fathers / mothers. Regarding satisfaction with the relationship, the average of women - especially mothers - was the lowest observed, with a significant difference. The results demonstrate differences between genders in the family environment, accentuating an accumulation of functions for women, especially mothers, which can have consequences for mental health. The management of family tasks proved to be a relevant aspect in relation to task sharing.
A influência das áreas verdes na percepção térmica humana do meio urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Bellei, Bianca Sobrinho; Masiero, Érico; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2921890933529307
Urban green areas have remarkable relevance to the environmental quality of the urban space and to the citizens' quality of life, interfering with social and environmental issues as well as health and thermal comfort issues. The objective of this research is to identify the influence of green areas, such as parks and squares, on the thermal sensation of the inhabitants of the city of São José do Rio Preto -SP. Microclimatic data were obtained, such as air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed at points inside and outside in 4 urban vegetated areas in the city, as well as the application of questionnaires related to the sensation of users. Microclimate information and interviews were used to calculate the PET comfort index. The 4 study areas were classified within the LCZ system. Among the results, it is noteworthy that the places that had the highest rate of users satisfied with the thermal environment were the points within the green areas, and that PET had values up to 5.9ºC lower inside the green area compared to its adjacency. The air temperature reached 3.5ºC less inside the green area. It was also observed that the Perception of the User was not always equivalent to the values of PET, and that not always more favorable values of PET are correlated with a higher percentage of green area. The parameter that most influenced user comfort was SVF, with the area with the lowest percentage of FVC having the highest percentage of thermal comfort.
Obtenção de sulfetos metálicos (M= Ni, Mo) pelo método solvotermal assistido por micro-ondas aplicados na reação de desprendimento de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Silva, Mitchell González Soares da; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2014370747963027
In general, transition metal sulfides show good activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Some of these metals, such as Mo and Ni, arouse interest in the area of electrocatalysis, since they are more abundant and very cheap than Platinum (Pt). For this hydrogen production route to be viable, we need to develop new materials that are active and stable and capable of replacing Pt. This thesis addresses the obtaining of Ni and Mo sulfides with different sulfur precursors or combined nanostructures of these two sulfides obtained by the microwave-assisted solvothermal method for application in the HER in alkaline and acid medium. The electrochemical activity was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry curves in the cathodic direction, Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Stability was assessed by chronoamperometry or cyclic voltammetry. The nickel sulfide phases (h-NiS and o-Ni9S8) obtained from Tioureia and 1-dodecanoltiol at 200 ° C showed respectively overpotential (η) of -230 and -260 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 1M NaOH. The molybdenum sulfides (MoS2) obtained from 1-dodecanethiol and ammonium tetratiomolybdate at 260 °C showed η = -282 and η = -215 mV respectively to deliver 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. For the h-NiS/MoS2 composites, the best performances were observed for the largest coverage of the MoS2 sheets with h-NiS nanoparticles (h NiS/MoS2 5:1 and h NiS/MoS2-TTMA 5:1 composites), showing η = -193 mV and η = -150 mV respectively to deliver 10 mA cm-2. The MoS2/RGO 175/20 m/m composite showed η = -181 mV to deliver 10 mA cm-2 to the HER in 0.5 M H2SO4. Tafel slopes between 40 and 120 mV/dec indicate the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism for all materials. The results obtained demonstrate that the microwave method was efficient to obtain the phases of nickel sulfide and molybdenum sulfide from different sulfur precursors, and the activities displayed by the materials are of values close to the best ones already reported.
Eficácia do PECS-Adaptado quando aplicado por mães em crianças com autismo em diferentes contextos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Ribeiro, Karina Ferreira; Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544189440874179; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8398834565243057
The present study aims to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the Adapted PECS (Engaged People Communicating Socially) applied by mothers of children with autism with impaired functional language in a family context. The influence of training in other contexts on the mother's behavior was also evaluated, through the design of multiple probes by condition. Three mothers and their children with autism, aged between 4 and 11 years participated in the research. Theoretical and practical training was carried out with the children's mothers, so that Alternative Communication could be defined, as well as it’s importance and use in different contexts. After the intervention, the use of the communication system by mothers in two other contexts different from the domestic context was analyzed, these being other contexts, environments in which the child feels at ease, such as ice cream and park. The independent variable is the intervention itself through the Adapted PECS and the dependent variable is the mothers’ performance in generalizing the new communicative medium to other social contexts. From the intervention carried out at home with the three participating mothers, it can be concluded that all of them were able to learn to communicate with their children through the PECS-Adapted and generalized this ability to the other two environments analyzed. Likewise, two of the three participating children were able to generalize, from training at home, also to the other two environments. Two children started to verbalize, preferring this mode of communication from the moment they acquired this skill.
Inteligência emocional e avaliação de desempenho em estágio acadêmico de cursos da área da saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Pereira, Fernanda Esteves; Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2329033162513800
This study aimed to verify the relationship between emotional intelligence and its facets with academic internship performance of students enrolled in specific mandatory internships in the curriculum of Medicine, Psychology, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy courses. The study included 74 students with a mean age of 23.65 (SD = 3.651, Md = 23.00), with a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 48 years, 68.9% being female. The instruments used were: Emotional Intelligence Battery, Student Assessment according to Academic Internship Supervisors (adapted), Student Self-Assessment in Academic Internship (adapted) and Academic Internship Notes. Participants were divided into two groups: G1 – Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, with 44 participants (59.6%), in which 63.6% were female; and G2 – Psychology, with 30 participants (40.5%), in which 76.7% were women. Due to the low adherence of professors' responses to the Student Assessment questionnaire according to their Academic Internship Supervisors, this instrument was not included in the data analysis of this research. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were performed to characterize the sample and inferential analyzes to investigate the reformulated hypotheses. The results indicated that there was a significant, positive and moderate correlation between Comprehension of Total Emotions and Student Self-Assessment in Academic Internship for G2 – Psychology (hypothesis partially accepted). There was a significant, positive and moderate correlation between Comprehension of Emotions A and Grades in Academic Stage for the general sample and a significant, positive and strong correlation between Understanding of Emotions A and Grades in Academic Stage for G1 (hypothesis partially accepted). It was also possible to identify a significant, negative and strong correlation between Perception of Emotions per se and Grades in Academic Internship for women in the general sample and a positive, significant and strong correlation between Emotion Regulation and Student Self-Assessment in Academic Internship for men in the sample general. In addition, there was a significant, negative and very strong correlation between Comprehension of Total Emotions and Academic Internship Grades and a significant, positive and very strong correlation between AE Emotions Understanding and Academic Internship Grades for G2 men. There was still a significant, negative and very strong correlation between Perception of Emotions in the Other and Grade in Academic Internship and a significant, negative and very strong correlation between Regulation of Emotions and Grade in Academic Internship for women in G1. For women in G2, there was a significant, positive and moderate correlation between Comprehension of Total Emotions and Student Self-Assessment in Academic Internship (hypothesis partially accepted). This study contributed to the investigations of emotional intelligence in interns in health care courses, as well as to the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance in internships, a topic that is still little studied, especially in Brazil.
Desenvolvimento de cimentos ósseos à base de Biosilicato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Machado, Caroline Vital Rosa; Crovace, Murilo Camuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2960564171443068; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030651525132807
Synthetic grafts have an important contribution to modern health care, especially in bone reconstruction surgeries. In addition orthopedics, bone grafts can also be used in maxillofacial surgery. In 1980s, bone cements emerged as an alternative to grafts in granular or block form. Bone cements have advantages, such as moldability to the fracture or injury region and possibility of treating comminuted fractures, in addition to allowing minimally invasive surgical procedures. In this work, new compositions were prepared to obtain a bone cement that combines good fracture strength and bioactivity, in addition to a good workability and setting time between 5 and 20 minutes. To achieve this goal, a bioactive glass-ceramic Biosilicate® (developed at LaMaV/UFSCar) and different types of phosphates were used. Scanning Eletron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were used as a tool to control the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) after exposing the samples to a SBF-K9 (Simulated Body Fluid) solution. The crystalline phases formed were identenfied by X-ray Diffraction. Additionally, biaxial flexion tests were conducted to obtain the fracture resistance. The bioactivity of the cements was evaluated by in vitro bioactivity tests, followed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, confirmed the formation of a HCA bioactive layer, indicating the good in vitro bioactivity of the material. It was also found that the addition of additives influenced directly in the cement reactions, and that the sample containing hydrochloric acid showed the best results (~ 30 MPa after 14 days of setting). Exposure to the SBF-K9 solution did not drastically affect the fracture strength. Thus, a new cement with great potential for use as bone graft was developed in this work. In vivo and clinical tests will be necessary before commercial production and application in humans.
Os centros de atenção psicossocial infantojuvenis e o cuidado a crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista e suas famílias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Lourenço, Mariane Cristina; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9520255426025393
The Brazilian health service called “Psychosocial Care Centers for children and adolescents” (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis - CAPSij) are the first initiative to include autism in the field of public Mental Health in Brazil. The intense discussions that take place between people who advocate for CAPSij as a possible care service for this population and people who advocate for a care based in specialized clinics highlight the need to understand about the potentialities and challenges of the care offered for people with autism and their families in CAPSij. This research aimed to understand the potentialities and the limits of the care offered for children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at CAPSij. This study used a mixed-methods approach and was developed in two stages. The first stage had the participation of managers from the four CAPSij located in Campinas city/São Paulo state and sought to characterize children and adolescents with ASD inserted in the four CAPSij located in this county, as well as to identify the care actions developed with this people. The data were collected through the application of a questionnaire to service managers and the consultation to medical records. The second stage,was developed an Etnography srudy, which enabled a greater approximation and understanding of the studied phenomenon. For this stage, technicians, family members, children and adolescents with ASD, and other actors linked to a CAPSij located in the same city collaborated. The main instrument of data harvest was the Filed Journal. Besides this, another resources like interviews, photographic records and the consultation to medical records were used. We sought to know and understand CAPSij's everyday life in more depth, especially regarding to the care offered to children and adolescents with ASD and their families, identifying the potentialities and limits of this health equipment and of this kind of care. The main results of Step 1 revealed that children and adolescents with ASD correspond to approximately 30% of CAPSij users. Regarding the age of users with ASD in the four CAPSij, the number of children was considerably larger than the number of adolescents. Among the main care actions mentioned by the managers are: individual assistance in speech therapy, occupational therapy and psychology, group sessions, besides listening and assistance for the families. As main challenges, the managers pointed out the scarcity of resources, the complexity of demands inserted in the CAPSij, the difficulty of articulating network care, and the difficulty in thinking about the care for adolescents with ASD. In Step 2 the maisn results revealed contless potentialities such as: the welcoming and caring offered for the families; the space for free movement and meeting with different people, favored by the “Ambience” device; the actions and articulations with the territory; the continuous training of professionals in Primary Health Care through “Matrix Support”; and the development of actions in different territory’ spaces. One of the perceived challenges is the complex issue of the diagnosis, sought by many families as a guarantee of access to rights, but which creates labels and stigmas. Another important challenge revealed is the difficulty that the CAPSij has in establishing partnerships with other intra and intersectoral equipment that could offer specialized care to people with ASD, breaking with the excludent posture and increasing the range of possibilities that can be differential for the expansion of the contractual power, engagement, and social inclusion of these people. In conclusion, this study have achieved its goals. The results contribute for reflexions and improvement of care actions destinated for people with ASD inserted in the CAPSij and in the Psychosocial Care Network as a whole.
Linking User Stories to UX elements: Recommendations to Reduce the Virtual Navigational Distances
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Cleto Filho, Abner; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5580266962843581
Agile practices are approaches widely used in industrial context. User Stories (US) are valuable artifacts to agile teams, being a succinct description of a requirement with its details complemented by other artifacts. User eXperience (UX) is an important crosscutting quality requirement that has gained spotlight over the past years. Regarding the software development teams structure, the usage of teams that are not co-located is also a practice that has been utilized over the years, gaining more adepts over the years. Remote working has challenges reported in the literature, be it the time lapse among the team members, difficult on communication when compared to a face-to-face approach, and others. The usage of virtual environments and artifact-based communication are encouraged in the literature, given such are common to all team members, whether they are co-located or not. Many approaches on merging agile and UX are presented in the literature, but many issues are still faced in such enterprise. Problems on communication among UX specialists and agile developers, loss of big-picture, information traceability, and others, are recurring in the literature. Studies encourage the usage of artifacts to mediate communication, as well as to hold and share information, but few have analysed how UX information and USs are related in agile virtual environments. This master project presents an investigation on the navigational distances between UX information and USs in virtual environments. The investigation was performed through a case study in a software company and a qualitative analysis on the data collected. The investigation had the goal to understand how agile practitioners related UX information to USs. To do this, we conducted a qualitative analysis in 13 requirement documents of three different industry projects and we also explored the USs derived from such documents. Using the case study outcomes, we compare the issues found in it with the the literature. We identify the ways the artifacts can be related in the virtual environments, describing and providing pros and cons for each connection type. We propose a classification for navigational distances found among UX information and USs. Moreover, we propose a category on the navigational effort required to perform the navigation in virtual environments. The navigation and effort categories proposed extend the work of Bjarnason et al. (2016) on regards to navigational distance, considering it in virtual environments. Our work also contributes to motivate agile teams in rethinking about different forms to organize the UX information in virtual environments. We propose an arrangement template considering virtual environments, where the template displays a way to create USs and link it with UX elements, considering the navigational distance and effort classifications previously mentioned along with the goal to reduce the final navigational distance present among UX information and USs.
Adaptações neuromusculares nos músculos quadríceps e tibial anterior associadas à osteoartrite de joelho (ratos Wistar)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Cunha, Jonathan Emanuel da; Castro, Paula Aiello Tomé de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4565741478061291; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391969032505723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2254025082364867
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most disabling diseases in the world. This disease is characterized by cartilage damage, narrowing of the joint space, synovitis, osteophytes formation, joint pain and stiffness. The neuromuscular system is also very affected in KOA, however, the mechanisms of neuromuscular changes involved with this disease are poorly understood. Thus, this thesis has two main objectives: 1) Assess for changes in the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) in rats with induced KOA anterior cruciate ligament transection (TLCA); 2) Check for KOA muscle fibrosis and correlates with muscle atrophy and inflammation. For the first study, 12 adult Wistar rats that were divided into two groups: control (without intervention, n = 6) and KOA (ALCT surgery, n = 6), after 59 days, functional tests were performed (gait test, pain, edema, knee surface temperature). In the next day the animals were euthanized, the quadriceps, tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius muscles were removed weighed and analyzed (cross sectional area of the muscle fibers, neuromuscular junction morphology, gene and protein expression), the synovial fluid was used to evaluate the total and differential leukocyte number and joint histology were also analyzed. In the second study 12 adult Wistar rats were equally divided into the control and KOA groups. 59 days after TLCA, functional tests were performed (gait test, thermal threshold and mechanical threshold), the following day the TA muscle was removed for analysis (cross-sectional area, percentage of connective tissue, gene expression and zymography). The main results found in the first study were changes in the morphology of NMJ in the quadriceps and TA, greater atrophy in TA than in the quadriceps, genetic and protein changes linked to atrophy and NMJ, in addition to changes in the gait test and functional tests. In the second study, we found muscle fibrosis in TA associated with atrophy and increased of genes expression linked to muscle inflammation. Our results in both studies help to clarify the possible mechanisms of atrophy and muscle weakness linked with KOA. We have seen that although most of the studies evaluate only the quadriceps muscle, TA muscle also seems to suffer modifications due to joint inflammation of the knee, so new studies may help to understand even better the TA remodeling mechanisms, putting on shows that it takes a broad look at the clinical treatment of this disease.
ML-MDLText: um método de classificação de textos multirrótulo de aprendizado incremental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Bittencourt, Marciele de Menezes; Silva, Renato Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532893661927339; Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6803540724475032
Single-label text classification has been extensively studied in the last decades and usually more attention has been given to offline learning scenarios, where all of the training data is available in advance. However, real-world text classification problems often involve multilabel instances and have dynamic textual patterns that can change frequently. In this context, ideally, the methods should be able to predict a subset of target labels rather than a single one, and to update their model incrementally to be scalable and adaptable to changes in data patterns using limited time and memory. Therefore, online and multilabel learning have attracted great research interest, since there are few methods capable of addressing both problems simultaneously. In this study, we present a text classification method based on the minimum description length principle. It can be applied to multilabel classification without requiring the transformation of the classification problem. It also takes advantage of dependency information among labels and naturally supports online learning. We evaluated its performance using fifteen datasets from different application domains and compared it with traditional benchmarks classifiers, considering offline and online learning scenarios. The results obtained by the proposed method were very competitive with the ones of existing state-of-the-art methods.
Obtenção de nanocelulose a partir da funcionalização da celulose por oxipropilação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Lima, Mário Henrique Alves; Menezes, Aparecido Junior de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2085227798619039
The present study aimed to obtain functionalized nanocellulose through the oxypropylation reaction. Thereunto, the cellulose was submitted to an initial activation step with a sodium hydroxide solution, and then the reaction with propylene oxide in different values of molar ratio [OP]/[OHcellulose], in autoclave, maintaining the constant temperature at approximately 135ºC. After obtaining the functionalized cellulose, the functionalized nanocellulose is obtained after passing its suspension (2% in distilled water) through a microfibrillator mill. Functionalized nanocellulose, as well as the cellulose pulp used throughout the process, were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), aiming to analyze whether the oxypropylation reaction was effective, evidenced by the appearance of new characteristic bands of the graft of the polyol chains . The samples were also characterized for their mass gain, Elemental Analysis (CHNS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) and Thermogravimetry (TG). The results obtained are indicative that there was a decrease in the intensity of hydrogen bonds, because in all the modification conditions used, the nanocellulose obtained presented dimensions similar to non-functionalized nanocellulose, requiring a smaller number of passes through the equipment.
"Ninguém quer uma pessoa trans por perto": escolas como espaços protetivos ou reprodutivos da transfobia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Sonetti, Sara Laham; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9135554404804668
This research seeks to analyze the effects that transphobia frequently reproduced in schools can have on the mental health of trans people. The school proves to be a very determinant space in the mental health and well-being of students, since it is a place where students spend a great deal of time. Discourse analysis based on 5 interviews, two of them with trans women and three with trans men, showed that the school can at times position itself as a protective space, with measures aimed at reducing injuries to the physical and mental health of trans people, becoming a welcoming and transforming environment in relation to the prevailing hegemonic pattern that is reproduced in intrafamily and social relationships. However, in the narratives, the reproduction by schools of transphobia predominated in their daily lives, showing the harmful effect of prejudice and discrimination, negatively influencing the mental health of trans people and making it difficult for them to stay in schools.
Elaboração e aplicação de ferramenta para avaliação da gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos para municípios brasileiros. Estudo de caso: municípios de Araraquara (SP) e São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Suquisaqui, Ana Beatriz Valim; Ventura, Katia Sakihama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1613243099074803
Solid waste generation is inherent to the urban and rural environment. However, the new consumption patterns and the industrial development have changed the waste quantity and composition. With the enactment of Law Nº. 12,305 / 2010, regulated by Federal Decree 7,404/2010, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) was instituted, which highlights initiatives, principles, objectives, instruments, actions and guidelines that municipalities can adopt to improve failures management about the subject. It is relevant the use of tools that support the assessment of Urban Solid Waste Management (MSW), so that it is possible to identify gaps and flaws in this management, and subsequently, define actions to improve or maintain the identified situations. The objective of the present study was to develop and apply a evaluation tool to assess urban solid waste management in Brazilian municipalities. The methodology comprised five stages: i) bibliographic survey; ii) identification of indicators; iii) evaluation of indicators by specialists (AHP and consistency analysis); iv) elaboration of the tool and; v) application of the tool in the municipalities of Araraquara and São Carlos. As a result, the set of hierarchical indicators was obtained through consultation by specialists and the structuring of the instrument itself in Excel with VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming. The tool, called SAGReS - Evaluation System for Urban Solid Waste Management - was composed of five initiatives proposed in the PNRS (landfill, composting, selective collection, public consortium and reverse logistics) and with 50 indicators, in order to subsidize public managers regarding the demands for actions in the sector. In addition, SAGReS was applied in the municipalities of Araraquara (SP) and São Carlos (SP). Public consortium and composting initiatives were not evaluated because there were not proposals implemented in the studied municipalities, which does not preclude the use of the tool, as these initiatives are included in the program. Indicators aimed at operational control of the landfill achieved high results, but those for the management of MSW were unsatisfactory. Reverse logistics has intensified actions in recent years, surpassing the indexes of some selective collection indicators, which is used below the capacity to use material and labor. The instrument can be used on any computer, without the need to install applications. The dashboard illustrates the indicators, for each initiative, that require careful attention from the manager regarding the planning and execution of these initiatives.
Aplicação de Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) para síntese de óxidos anódicos sobre alumínio em eletrólito contendo íons Ag+
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Rodrigues, Andressa; Sikora, Mariana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0687998062355165; Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8737766170239703
The growing concern with the quality of food by consumers, has led the industry to new technologies to guarantee this condition. Antimicrobial films appear as active packaging that, in addition to protecting and conditioning the product, also provides an extra barrier against microbiological agents through substances incorporated in the packaging. In this work, the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique was used to produce oxide coatings on aluminum metallic substrate, whose characteristics of being a light, resistant, low-cost and recyclable metal, make it widely used in food packaging industry. In the PEO process, the metal is oxidized in a high electric field, reaching the potential for rupture of the oxide, and complex physical and chemical phenomena are observed on the surface of the substrate. This treatment is capable of promoting changes in the oxide film, improving their mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. The anodization process was performed in galvanostatic mode, with a current density of 20 mA⁄cm², and an alkaline electrolyte of 0.1 mol.L-1 sodium silicate. In addition, ionic silver (AgNO3 1 mmol.L-1) was added to the electrolyte, due to its bactericidal property already known in the literature, and Ag particles are incorporated into the coating giving it the property of an antimicrobial film. Oxides were synthesized at different anodizing times (20 and 60 minutes), and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique coupled with the Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS) technique revealed that a greater amount of Ag in the oxide film was achieved in a shorter treatment time, it was also possible to observe Ag particles deposited on the oxide surface in this condition. The RBS analysis confirmed the large amount of Ag present on the sample surface prepared in a shorter treatment time (S20Ag), as well as the presence of Oxygen on the surface due to the presence of aluminum oxide in all samples. The morphology of the films revealed a porous structure, and the profilometry analysis showed that the roughness of the films increases with the treatment time. In addition, the X-ray analysis revealed the presence of the γ-Al2O3 crystallographic phase and the Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of Al-O, Si-O, Si-Al-O, and OH bonds. Finally, the bactericidal test carried out with the bacterium S. Aureus showed that coatings produced in a longer treatment time, regardless of the presence of Ag, resulted in greater inhibition (~ 85%), and for less treatment time the presence of Ag increased up to 6 times the antimicrobial activity of the coating when compared to the coating without Ag.
Caracterização de desvios sintáticos em redações de estudantes do ensino médio: subsídios para o processamento automático das línguas naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-27) Ramisch, Renata; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9529272201856585
Writing essays is a common task for students during school education, and a good performance in this task guarantees better grades to compete for places in the best universities. However, deviations from the standard written Portuguese are quite frequent, ranging from spelling and grammar to textual and discursive structure. This research specifically investigated the recurrence of syntactic errors and their possible correlations with certain linguistic attributes of the sentences. For this purpose, we built a corpus of 1,045 essays following ENEM specifications, that were written by high school students and segmented into a subcorpus of 10,652 sentences. This subcorpus was again segmented into train corpus (8,654 sentences) and test corpus (1,998 sentences). We established a manual annotation scheme in two phases: classification of sentences in containing or not syntactic errors, and categorization of the errors in 2,500 sentences based on a typology of 11 categories and 27 subcategories. The annotation showed that 73.34% of the annotated sentences contain syntactic errors (6,347 sentences from train corpus and 1,425 from test corpus), and the rest of the sentences do not contain syntactic errors (2,307 sentences from train corpus and 573 sentences from the test corpus). The most frequent categories among the 7,290 errors are those of punctuation (44%) and agreement (18.9%). We also carried out an extensive qualitative linguistic analysis of the phenomena in which the errors occur. This analysis looked at specific syntactic phenomena such as inversions of the canonical word order, coordination, subordination, etc., and at the phenomena that stem from further linguistic levels, such as missing accents, light-verb constructions and the use of specific verbs. In addition, the corpus was automatically annotated with the parser UDPipe, and we extracted from its output 17 linguistic features, which we correlated with the presence of errors via Supervised Machine Learning, using the software Weka. We obtained the best result in the test corpus with the algorithm Logistic Regression (75.62% accuracy). The features that were most strongly correlated with the presence of errors, indicated by feature engineering algorithms, were the sentence size and the depth of the syntactic tree. As an additional result, we built a computational-linguistic resource that can be useful to Natural Language Processing systems. The potential goal of such partnership is the development of writing assistance tools that can facilitate the process of identifying and correcting errors made by the authors of the essays themselves.