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Análise dos desafios e perspectivas do curso de licenciatura em educação do campo, campus de Arraias, estado do Tocantins
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-02) Aires, Helena Quirino Porto; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4223461558311616
The present thesis presents a study on the Rural Education Licenciature Course (LEdoC) of the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus de Arraias, analyzing to what extent the conditions of its materialization contribute to the formation of the working class. This research started from the thesis that the discussions about educational public policies in relation to Education in the Field, mainly, directed to higher education, has been a recurring subject in the last decades. However, when one thinks about the education that is offered to the working class, it is clear that there is still a lot to be done to really achieve excellence in the quality of the education received, especially by the subjects linked to the field. For this, we undertake an investigation that questions the formation that the Rural Education Licenciature Course offers to the rural working class and how this concept contributes and strengthens this class to face the capitalist logic that is spreading in the countryside. To answer this question, we seek to unveil the object of study from the concrete reality, seeking to relate it to society in the search for understanding this movement of human formation in its entirety. The data collection for this research took place in three stages: diagnosis and analysis of the characteristics of incoming students; analysis of the Course Pedagogical Project (PPC); and, semi-structured interviews with students and graduates of the course. The results indicate that the materialization of the Rural Education Licenciature Course presents pedagogical praxis related to the interests of subjects in the field, in contrast to those of the dominant class and the capitalist mode of production. The PPC of the analyzed course (2013) points out aspects favorable to the formation of subjects of the rural working class, based on the emancipation of the subject and knowledge constructed by humanity; as well as, it provides curriculum contents that have as a starting point the reality and experience of the working class subjects, conceiving theory and practice as inseparable elements in the educational act. Education by Alternation is a means that facilitates a large part of working class subjects to study and work, especially those who are civil servants or autonomous. The relationship between the job and LEdoC is necessary, but at the same time, a little complex. Regarding the graduates, getting recognition and working in the area are the great difficulties. From the data presented in this study, it is possible to see that the LEdoC strives to materialize the proposal satisfactorily, however, there are still many challenges. This research also enabled us to understand that education is conditioned by several factors, among them, the issues of society structure and infrastructure. Thus, the Rural Education Course presents these conditionalities that are much more emphatic for their materialization because they are people from the working class and, still, from the field.
"Mato Grosso: celeiro do mundo". Um estudo sobre as relações de poder e as implicações nas políticas públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-02) Silva, Lucineia Soares da; Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4457339675710283
The objective of this research was to understand how the power relations materialized in public policies, from the understanding of the formation of the ideology that calls the State of Mato Grosso as “Celeiro do Mundo” and the image of the farmer-businessman. The State of Mato Grosso was governed, from 2003 to 2010, by one of the greatest representatives of Brazilian agribusiness, Blairo Maggi. To outline the construction of this ideology, we propose as specific objectives: a) to identify the possible cohesion of the dominant group of the agrarian elite in the election of one of its representatives to governor of the State; b) analyze the drafting of Law 7,958 of 2003 (Tax Waiver) and the tax spending policy (those benefited by the policy and the loss of revenue from health and education policies) and, finally, c) analyze social development in the municipalities with the greatest number of beneficiaries from state development programs and other municipalities. The methodology used was quantitative and qualitative. In qualitative analysis, documentary research (public documents and reports), semi-structured script interviews, photo-documentation and geoprocessing were used. The quantitative approach analyzed the number of donors, amounts donated and surrendered, and also a social indicator (HDI and MHDI). The time frame covers public policies in Mato Grosso from the 1960s to 2018, with an emphasis on 2003 - when the Tax Waiver Law was drafted and approved - and 2015 and 2016 - year of the CPI on Tax Waiver. The results show that the public policies implemented for the occupation of Mato Grosso were based on serving the productive system and that there was no prioritization of the agribusiness sector after the election of a representative of the sector, there was continuity and, in a second moment, an expansion to other economic sectors. The research demonstrates the fragility of Law 7,958 / 2003 that instituted the Development Plan of Mato Grosso at its origin, and of the State institutions that should ensure the fulfillment of its objectives. The abundant list of public policies financed by the public fund legitimized and met the accumulation of monopoly, financial and international capital. The revenue waived by virtue of the law directly impacts the financing of health and education because they are linked to the revenue guaranteed by the Federal Constitution: health and education. SUS and Education financing is doubly impaired when a tax waiver policy is instituted by the State when we consider that both have, in an indirect and regressive tax, their greatest source of revenue, the ICMS. In addition to this situation, we have in a state formed by large latifundios the struggle for access to land or for the continuation of possession, in the case of the indigenous people, the record of 11 deaths between 2017 and 2018. Thus, being a “breadbasket of the world” is not in fact to produce food, but commodities for the foreign market, the result of an occupation that did not promote land reform, but the formation of large latifundios and monopolies financed and benefited by public policies and that are always articulating to maintain their privileges.
Comparação do método químico e método a plasma no preparo de nanocompósitos de prata e nanocelulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-02) Matsuda, Larissa Mariana Mendes; Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8267231664285925
Cellulose, being a biodegradable material, flexible and with good mechanical resistance, has been attracting great interest in studies, as it is a biopolymer from a renewable source and widely available in nature. It can be used in several applications, such as in the textile, paper and packaging industries, in the production of sensors and biosensors and as a matrix in composites. In this context, the present work aims to manufacture and characterize nanocellulose (NC) nanocomposites containing silver. Two routes were investigated: (i) composite nanocellulose films containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) chemically synthesized and (ii) incorporation of silver through the sputtering process from silver nitrate powder (AgNO3). The nanocomposite films were made from a suspension of nanocellulose and AgNPs. The AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction with sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) and incorporated into the NC films using a vacuum filtration system. Another method used was the sputtering process, from the silver salt placed in the lower sample holder of the plasma reactor. For the treatment, the use of argon gas and a mixture of argon and oxygen (90% and 10%, respectively) was investigated. The plasma was excited by the application of radio frequency of 13.56 MHz, power from 150 to 200 W, and treatment time from 30 to 90 min, with a working pressure of 14.9 to 8.8 Pa. After deposition, the samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), profilometry, absorption in the Ultraviolet and Visible region (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS), angle of microbiological contact and analysis. The results obtained for the XRD were similar in the two routes studied showing the same diffraction angles at 14, 16 and 22 °, with the profilometer it was observed the formation of a thin film in the glass samples, the data obtained in the UV analysis -Vis indicate absorption bands similar to the chemical route, for the characterization in SEM, there was also similarity, with observation of homogeneity in the morphology of all samples synthesized through the chemical route, whereas for the plasma route there was a dependent morphological change treatment parameters. The analysis by the EDS technique, performed for the chemical route presents a low percentage of silver, while the plasma route indicates a variation in the silver content on the surface of the membranes from 3.6 to 31% of silver depending on the parameters. In the microbiological analysis, the chemical route showed an average inhibition halo of 7.4 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 7.8 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the test performed for the plasma route, no growth of bacterial colonies was observed on the plates indicating the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposite films under T5 and T6 conditions. Therefore, the results confirm the incorporation of silver by the Sputtering method from silver nitrate, as well as the bactericidal activity in agreement with the results of the nanocomposites made with the chemical synthesis of the AgNPs.
Eleições municipais e profissionalização das campanhas eleitorais (São Paulo, 2016)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-02) Alves, Mércia Kaline Freitas; Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3036910789502625
This thesis aims to discuss how the professionalization of election campaigns was incorporated and developed at the municipal level. The survey walked from the questions: Has the process of professionalization, described by international literature and in Brazil, reached the majority campaigns in the municipalities? If in positive case so, how and what are the characteristics of this process in local election campaigns? How is the physical structure of the parties and the number of people involved to carry out paid and voluntary activities during the election period expanded? Finally, how are the financial resources of the parties and coalitions allocated and distributed in campaign management? To answer these questions, 12 election campaigns were selected in six municipalities (2016), chosen according to size and access to HGPE. We examined the financial dynamics of each campaign, and conducted interviews with candidates, party coordinators and/or leaders. They are: Campinas, PT and PHS campaigns; Guarulhos, PSB and DEM; Santos, PCdoB and PSDB; Diadema, PT and PV; Jau, PSoL and REDE; and in Botucatu, PDT and PSDB campaigns. The data were analyzed in order to obtain the vision of the leaders about the organization of the campaigns, the selection of candidates to define the strategies.