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Francisco Campos e a construção do autoritarismo brasileiro: educação, democracia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-07)
Rio, Josué Justino do
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8208604870511343
The aim of the research is to understand the conservative thinking of Francisco Campos and his reflections in Brazilian politics, especially during the Estado Novo, in the measure that he was the idealizer, based on the ideological construction of the National State. The research is justified by being an intellectual sometimes forgotten, but who played a prominent role in the national politics of his time, because camper thinking was based on integralist ideas and the European authoritarian and totalitarian movements of the early nineteenth century, and which were consolidated in Italian fascism, german nazism and bolshevik totalitarianism. The study is also relevant because Francisco Campos is characterized as anti-liberal and critical of party democracy, since in his perspective, this political model did not meet the new demands of the masses. In order to understand the camper thought, then, an investigation was needed in the period 1891-1968, passing through the brazilian integralist movement, led by Plínio Salgado, who contributed to the construction of Francisco Campos' conservative thinking due to the fascist influence. In addition, in order to reach the specific goal, that is, to identify whether Francisco Campos can be considered an authoritarian or totalitarian intellectual, it was essential to carry out an investigation of convergent points of thought campers with the political theology of Carl Schmitt, confronting them with the categories totalitarian views presented by Hannah Arendt. We also take advantage of Giorgio Agamben, especially his state of exception. The problem with the investigation lies in the fact that Brazil has always been lacking in its own political thinking, so much so that Francisco Campos, seeking to construct original thinking, flirted with authoritarian regimes and European totalitarian theories. However, to what extent did this contact with anti-liberal ideologies converge in the formation of his conservative thinking. In short, it takes care of a bibliographic and documentary research, since the proposal required an analysis of the works and writings to understand the formation of camper thinking, as well as the influence suffered by the Schmittian and integralist theories. In this complex scenario, it can be concluded that Francisco Campos, although conservative authoritarian thinking and advocate of dictatorship as a form of consolidation of a nationalist government, in opposition to liberal ideas, cannot be accused of totalitarianism, even if both Francisco Campos and Carl Schmitt are contemporary and some points of their theories may even converge.
Crown network datasets of Caatinga's tree Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis (Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-07)
Trovão, Dilma Maria de Brito Melo
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Costa, Gyslaynne Gomes da Silva
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Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9847281267040916
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1703835660928299
As rodas de leitura em prisões e seus processos educativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-08)
Portela, Gustavo Aranha
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Onofre, Elenice Maria Cammarosano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391211432183878
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8171845302137008
The following study analyzes the educational processes which happen in Rodas de Leitura in a correctional facility in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Our interest for the subject has arrived from our participation through unscholarly activities, in some correctional facilities, where we could notice that the gatherings taking place were spaces for personal improvement, exchange experiences, places for people to unburden themselves and that can change ways of thinking, perceiving and forge opinions. Driven by those experiences, we have built our research object: Which educational processes can the social practice Roda de Leitura develop in a space of deprivation of liberty? Guided by this question, we have defined our general goal: to present the educational processes which flow from the social practice of Roda de Leitura that happens in a correctional facility in the state of São Paulo. It is a research of qualitative nature and the data collection was done based on the principle of participating observation. The observation, the informal conversations and the gatherings which happen in Roda de Leitura were used to gather data which were organized in Field Journals. Questionnaires were applied to the collaborators with the goal of characterizing the group and exposing their perceptions about the Roda de Leitura and its educational processes. The data were organized, and four analysis focuses were determined: The meaning of Roda de Leitura, The contributions from Roda de Leitura to the school, The mediator role of Roda de Leitura, The organization of Roda de Leitura in the collaborator’s perspective. The analysis has shown that the Roda de Leitura allows the people to have pleasant dialogues, to interact amongst themselves, to disagree, agree and to partake in the construction of new knowledge. The analysis also shows that the mediator as an emancipating educator promotes situations for identity formation, self-esteem and self-reliance. The participants show themselves eager to keep having the Rodas, suggest other ways of doing them and show solidarity to the other people who inhabit the other areas of the correctional facility.
Uma álgebra ER para consultas em bancos de dados NoSQL: implementação de operadores adicionais e análise de desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-09)
Cabral, João Vitor Lopes
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Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1150718561800380
Databases and database systems are essential to modern life. In a scenario of increasing data handling arose the need to find newer ways to store and process data that are able to cope with the rapid evolution of society. NoSQL databases are an alternative to this scenario but the lack of standard between each database implementation increases the difficulty to perform some tasks when compared to a SQL database. To solve this problem, this paper increments the work of Noguera e Lucrédio (2019), using the query language it improves the join operation and implements the operations Cartesian Product, Selection and Projection that were proposed by Parent e Spaccapietra (1984). In order to make the metamodel creation process more friendly, a textual representation was created for the metamodels and a parser for generating code compatible with the algorithm. Two software systems were analyzed to validate the MongoDB code generated by the algorithm and to check if the query result conforms to the structure defined by the algebra. The query performance was also analyzed, comparing it to the performance of queries that were handcrafted by a Software Engineer. This paper shows that the ER algebra is compatible with document-oriented NoSQL databases and that automated query generation does not significantly affects performance.
O corpo e o outro: constituição da alteridade em uma perspectiva bakhtiniana de O Silmarillion de J. R. R. Tolkien em cotejo com o racismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-09)
Rufo, Alline Duarte
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Borges, Rosangela Ferreira de Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7682526446467209
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
This thesis proposes to understand how determined bodies are valued as negative in the work The Silmarillion, from J. R. R. Tolkien, especially because there is a marked division of different peoples and bodies in it, as well as an ethical and aesthetical relation, in which the author created one of the most complex and vast fictional universes for developing languages, ages, peoples, maps, and cosmogony. The theoretical-methodological basis of this work is based on the studies developed by the Russian philosopher of language Mikhail Bakhtin and the other thinkers of the Circle, mainly on the concepts of alterity, body, and grotesque realism. Thus, starting from a historical materialist methodology, the body, as a social construct, is part of an I-other relationship, being valued. Those who somehow transgress the current rules of a world are called monsters, building an aesthetical and ethical withdrawal from the human that acts as a process of social exclusion and extermination. Concomitantly, in the ethical world, one can observe how these mechanisms of social exclusion and death are part of the racism towards the black population. That said, to a comprehension of that valuation in art and in life, this work compared news about racism in Brazil. Thus, it is concluded that when one observes these bodies from a bakhtinian perspective, he understands that they are grotesque bodies, once they are a transgression and all those who are oppressed, negatively valued, excluded and killed, they are so from their bodies and their experience for breaking a current rule. Therefore, existing is a profoundly revolutionary act, for it is to resist.
Estudo do comportamento eletromecânico de músculos artificiais baseados em compósitos de polímero ionomérico e metal por meio da análise de vídeo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-13)
Saccardo, Matheus Colovati
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Hirano, Laos Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7284064411101724
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Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431
Ionomeric polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are smart materials, which have a metal/polymer/metal sandwich-like structure and are capable to deform in response to electrical stimuli and vice versa. In addition, they have low density, flexibility, biocompatibility and low drive voltage. Therefore, they are promising materials for a wide range of applications, such as actuators, sensors, and as artificial muscles. The operating mechanism of these devices consists of the migration of hydrated ions within the polymer's ionomeric channels in response to an electric field generated after the application of a bias between metal electrodes. For this reason, its electromechanical performance depends on several factors, such as electrical stimulus, hydration level of the polymeric membrane and counterions. Therefore, in this work, traditional (electrical, morphological and deformational) and complementary techniques (SEM, TGA and EIS) were used to characterize artificial muscles under different conditions of electrical stimulus (1 to 5 V), relative humidity (30% at 90%) and containing counter ions of varying sizes (H+, Li+, Na+ and K+) and distinct chemical characteristics (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole - BMIM+), in order to elucidate and understand their electromechanical behavior. Also, a method of video analysis was also used in conjunction with a video analysis and modeling tool built on the Java Open Source Physics (OSP) framework, allowing for a more accurate electromechanical behavior analysis. Results showed that the electromechanical behaviour, electric charge storage, and the Coulombic Efficiency of the devices increased with the reduction of counterion ionic radius and increase of the hydration level of the polymeric matrix. The mechanical performance decreased with the number of cycles, showing a limited life cycle for the device. The image analysis proved to be efficient, effective and low-cost technique.
Negociando a vida e a morte: estado, igreja e crime em uma favela de Belo Horizonte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-14)
Beraldo, Ana
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4878397484815635
This thesis deals with dynamics of life and death at the margins. Based on fieldwork carried out in a large slum in the city of Belo Horizonte, here called Morro da Luz, an analysis is made about the coexistence of different regulatory regimes in territories in the urban periphery, that is, the interaction between different logics, morally informed, to organize symbolically and materially the relations of sociability and the classifications of what is or is no longer socially acceptable, desired or disapproved. Throughout the text, it is demonstrated that, currently, there are three main normative regimes operating in Luz and, possibly, in other similar territories throughout Latin America: state (in its multiple and often antagonistic facets); crime (which, in Belo Horizonte, is characterized by the presence of several small groups that compete with each other, but which are still capable of building a criminal discourse unit); and church (especially the many evangelical strands). These three normativities build symbolic relationships among themselves that alternate between dispute and articulation, forming a normative triangulation that acts, based on the sharing of the appreciation of the notion of respectability, as a mechanism for the daily moral analysis of people and behaviors. These dynamics are made possible by a broader scenario, typical of post-colonial nations, of production and maintenance of economic and rights inequalities, which, in the favela, make subjects in an eternal negotiation between life and death.
Modelo de mistura de regressão: uma abordagem bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-14)
Cotrim, Luiz Gabriel Fernandes
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Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1185342603980646
In the current dissertation, we study the mixture regression models and present two Bayesian methodologies for their estimation. The first one considers the number of components is known and we propose the use of two Bayesian model selection criteria, DIC and EBIC, to identify the number of components. In the other one, we propose a reversible jump algorithm with splitmerge steps that estimates parameters and the number of components. We apply the proposed methodologies and also the EM algorithm, already available in R package, for simulated dataset and for Brazilian educational data, studying the relationship among the Basic Education Development Index and some socioeconomic and demographic data.
Injustiça socioambiental nos cruzamentos da história e memória: comunidade Quilombola Nossa Senhora do Chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-15)
Mendes, Giovana Rosangela Ferreira
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Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1713652120879086
The objective of this thesis was to investigate, to analyze and to present the many aspects relative to the socioenvironmental impacts of the sugarcane agroindustry on the ways of life of the Nossa Senhora do Chumbo quilombola community, through the perceptions of community members, and taking into account gender, class and race aspects. The community is located at the northern region of the Mato Grosso Pantanal, known as the “Cerrado do Pantanal”, located in the municipality of Poconé, in the south-central portion of the state of Mato Grosso, in the Upper Pantanal microregion. Qualitative social research procedures were used in the research, as life stories and interviews with social agents selected by their representativeness in the community in relation to their experience with sugarcane socio-environmental implications in the region. Conflicts in the region began with the implementation of the sugarcane agroindustry, with unequal disputes between residents of communities that had and have their culture, identity and territory threatened by dominant groups, especially agribusiness. In the region, the deforestation carried out for the introduction of sugarcane monoculture and livestock have motivated conflicts between the owners of these large enterprises and the social agents who live from family farming and working in the mines. From the 1980s through 2012, we realized that these agents were subject to expropriation. As in other locations, this expulsion produced migration to search for work, which made the sugarcane agroindustry in the community a destination for this workforce composed by local people and migrants from the Northeast. The social and environmental impacts resulting of the implementation of sugarcane agro-industry in the community weigh disproportionately on different groups in this territory due to social and economic vulnerability, characterizing environmental injustice.
Avaliação do enriquecimento alimentar com itens naturais como ferramenta para conservação do mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823))
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-16)
Santana, Beatriz Cabrera
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6856379013323103
The black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) is at the endangered of extinction and as a conservation strategy we have the ex situ management that aims to maintain a genetic and demographic bank of this species, seeking to reproduce these animals to reintroduce them into their natural environment when necessary and possible. Regarding foraging, the black lion tamarin consumes fruits, exudates, prey and flowers in the natural environment; capturing prey through manipulative foraging. However, the composition and the mode to provide their diet in captivity are different from what would be found in the natural habitat, and to don’t lost the foraging behavior it is necessary to make this aspect closer to the wildlife by food enrichment. Food enrichment decreases abnormal behaviors, stimulates new activities and the expression of the species' natural behavior that favors animal welfare. For this reason, the present study aimed to measure the influence of feeding enrichment on the foraging behavior of the black lion tamarin. To that end, 19 individuals were analyzed in two different environments and we made feeding enrichment by offering items from the natural diet of the species (jerivá fruits and tenebrio beetle) and from the captivity diet (fruits, vegetables and ration) in food enrichments, generating the total of 480 hours behavioral observation divided into 4 situations: without enrichment, with enrichment of the natural diet, with enrichment of the captive diet and with natural and captivity combined enrichment. Were observed 106 behaviors, grouped into 15 categories. In general, the enrichment with greater interaction was with captive items and as the important result it increased affiliation behavior compared to the situation of natural enrichment. Natural enrichment, on the other hand, increased feeding behaviors and decreased stopped behavior. The combination of enrichments with natural items and those of routine items decreased behaviors such as standing, locomotion and physiological categories. In addition, all situations had the interaction with enrichment and the ingestion of enrichment food increased significantly. Therefore, the results show that all the enrichments presented were important to stimulate natural behaviors and to improve the quality animals life, indicating a trend towards animal welfare.
Ressignificação da Ginástica na escola: proposta da Ginástica Para Todos na Educação Física anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-16)
Francisco, Maloá de Fátima
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Couto, Yara Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348643816717796
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2553010335691515
Gymnastics for All is characterized by a manifestation of body culture that brings together the different interpretations of Gymnastics integrated with other forms of body expression in a free, creative and non-competitive way. In this sense, in order to give greater visibility to the new possibilities related to the teaching of Gymnastics for All and to contribute for this practice to be incorporated into Physical Education at school, this research aimed to develop and analyze an intervention process in class School Physical Education with Gymnastics for All content. The methodology based on the qualitative approach constituted a process of action research. Eighteen students from the 3rd year of elementary school in the early years of a municipal public school in the interior of São Paulo participated in the study. We carried out a total of thirteen interventions in a period of two months, corresponding to a two-month term. The technique for data collection involved: observations of classes recorded in diaries, which were recorded and transcribed for later analysis of the facts that occurred during the interventions. After intense reading of the data and articulation with the literature, we built two categories of analysis, being: 1. Pedagogical Teaching Processes; 2. Human Formation. Among the most outstanding results in category 1 are the teaching procedure that playfully and creatively contributed to the development of the contents organized and proposed according to the didactic pyramid for teaching Gymnastics for All, contemplating the manifestation of conceptual, procedural knowledge and attitudinal. With regard to category 2, Human Formation was subdivided into two subcategories called Advances and Setbacks in Human Formation. As the most noticeable advance, we highlight self-confidence. However, collective action as well as cooperation are also noteworthy, given that the students worked as a team for a common good, in this case, the choreographic composition. In the subcategory Retrocesses, the situations of disrespect and disorganization stood out for generating moments of indiscipline and demanding a directive teaching action to resolve conflicts. Analyzing the planning and intervention process, we identified Gymnastics for All present in the context.
Aplicação e avaliação de técnicas neuro-fuzzy para a elaboração de mapas de susceptibilidade a erosão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-16)
Serikawa, Vagner de Souza
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Melanda, Edson Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1554762456965991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6879267838469780
The objective of this thesis was to analyze and contrast the existing methodological models within the geographic information system, its techniques and indicators for environmental urban planning, aiming at building bases for smart cities To achieve the objectives, the following objectives were proposed: (a) elaborate an inventory of erosive processes in the study area; (b) generate a collection of cartographic documents; (c) build training bases for different models of artificial neural networks (one-layer perceptron neural network, multilayer perceptron neural network and ANFIS); and discuss the methods and methodologies for environmental urban planning The study area is the Monjolinho River Basin inserted in the municipalities of São Carlos and Ibaté, with an area of approximately 273,77km2. The method used included: the elaboration of an input data structure for Matlab®️, extracted from a data matrix of the maps elaborated in the ArcGIS®️ 10.5 desktop version software. The training was carried out in two phases, the first with a structure of 203,496 points, extracted from a regular matrix of 100x100m, in the second phase a new training was done, with some modifications in the structure, two models were trained, design 1 with crisps data and design 2 with data normalized between 0 and 1, using the perceptron method with a layer, with a 30x30m matrix, with 13,152, 355 representing erosions. In the process, the removal of tuples with invalid data (for example, values -9999), counting the number of occurrences of repeated tuples and ending the removal of repeated tuples, all these steps were done to equalize the imbalance of the classes, totaling 710 “non-erosion” and 355 “erosion” maintaining a 2 to 1 ratio With the new training, a model was sought to more accurately represent the occurrence of erosive processes, so it is necessary that the values that represent false negatives are low, as it is critical for the system to indicate that there is no erosion when it actually exists. In this sense, the perceptron network of design 2 was the one that presented the best results, presenting less occurrence of false negative values than design 1.
Simulação de comportamento de ligações semirrígidas entre vigas e pilares pré-fabricados por meio de modelagem computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-16)
Barlati, Gustavo Braceiro
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Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7414742798790241
This study presents relevant aspects for the adequate use of computational models developed by the finite element method (FEM) as an instrument for investigating the behavior of precast structures, or to complement experimental tests. In order to do this, experimental tests were emulated. These tests investigated semi-rigid connections between precast beams and columns, using real-scale parts. Procedures for modeling elements on reinforced concrete were described, such as the definition of physical characteristics and constitutive models of elastic and plastic phases of materials, and an investigation of interactions between parts and definitions of contacts, presenting how to apply them on a finite element software (for this project the commercial software Abaqus was used). The conformity between numerical models and experimental tests was verified by performing comparisons of their results, such as force-displacement curves, rotation-moment, and stress-strain in the reinforcement bars. Once the convergence between models and tests is achieved, it is also realized, by means of parametric modeling, verification of the simplified method of calculating the secant stiffness and the rotation restriction factor for different negative reinforcement bars’ rates on the studied connections.
Perspectivas docentes sobre o ensino da educação física na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-16)
Lucca Junior, Julio Cesar de
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Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0815528500252568
Since 2018, the municipal education network of São Carlos (state of São Paulo) started some works within the school units with the intention of implementing the Common National Base and to adhered to the collaboration regime for the elaboration of the São Paulo curriculum approved by the National Education Council. However, these documents do not explicitly address children's physical education. The objective of the present study was to analyze the perspectives of Physical Education teachers on the teaching of this curricular component in early childhood education in the municipal school system of São Carlos/SP. The qualitative research used, as instruments of information collection, questionnaire and semi-structured interview with Physical Education teachers who teach classes in the area of early childhood education in the public council in question. Questionnaires were sent to the 34 Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers that have a Physical Education teacher and 22 returned, covering 23 schools. Subsequently, five teachers participated in the semi-structured interview, deepening the theme of the study. The data were analyzed qualitatively, reaching the following categories: 1. Elements related to the teaching and learning process, in which we analyzed the contents, teaching strategies and evaluation processes used by teachers according to the students' age, and 2 Preparation of teachers for teaching, which present their vision in relation to their teaching, continued education, curriculum guidance, structural problems and positive aspects of their practices. Thus, we observed that the teaching of Physical Education in early childhood education in the city of São Carlos/SP is fragmented and uncertain. Although the teachers indicate the preparation for teaching, we perceive the lack of clarity in distinguishing and conceptualizing essential elements for this exercise. We highlight the relevance of studies that seek to map the teaching perspectives and awaken the need to create guiding documents and continuing education courses.
Os jogos sociomotrizes de cooperação e a construção de valores acerca da indisciplina discente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17)
Pereira, Luiz Antonio
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Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3162075613143697
Indiscipline has emerged as a major educational problem and much has been discussed on this topic. Physical Education at school does not come out unscathed from this problem, facing everyday situations that are an obstacle to the smooth running of classes, impairing the learning of content and making it difficult to deepen the themes proposed by the teacher. We see in cooperative socio-motor activities - which offer experiences of participation in which the student has to seek, together with the others and solve situations in a collaborative way - the possibility that aspects related to solidarity, respect and empathy are present in the tasks development. Thus, the objectives of this research were to identify situations of indiscipline in an elementary school class and to analyze whether the experience and learning with cooperative socio-motor activities and activities aimed at building values could help students' perception and reflection about school indiscipline in Physical Education classes. The research was characterized by action research process and the instruments of data collection were: a) Class record books for the observation of situations of indiscipline during Physical Education classes and, b) Conversation circles, performed during in the beginning and in the end of classes. The teacher-researcher oversaw the students' experiences provided by didactic unit in order to understand whether they could link the proposed activities with the context of indiscipline in Physical Education classes. The work was carried out in a public school in the municipal teaching network of Matão / SP, with a class of 25 students from the 5th grade of elementary school. At the end of the research development, we reached the following analysis categories: 1) The indiscipline in Physical Education classes, which allowed us to identify the main problems of class indiscipline; 2) Construction of rules and attitudinal values: the pedagogical pact construction assemblies, during the intervention of the teacher-researcher; a proposal was made to confront indiscipline during the classes, promoting reflections and actions that were important in raising awareness of this issue; 3) Socio-motor cooperation activities displayed the importance of developing these games in Physical Education classes, as they have collaborative participation in their internal logic, which made it possible for the students to recognize the cooperative socio-motor activities and to identify their perceptions when performing them. We conclude that the cooperative socio-motor activities are important to confront indiscipline and - when accompanied by reflections on this problem - they can contribute to resolve / mitigate situations of this nature in Physical Education classes.
Efeito da taxa de aeração, da proporção mássica e da umidade da matriz inicial no processo de biossecagem de lodo anaeróbio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17)
Almeida, Marina da Costa Ribeiro de
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Reis, Renan Felicio dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1840510720475585
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Achon, Cali Laguna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0307406069325793
Biodrying is a novel technology that uses dewatered sewage sludge to generate energy. Microbial metabolic heat, which is produced during aerobic degradation of organic matter, and forced aeration turn the sludge into biofuel by removing moisture content. The treatment process is affected by the following characteristics: the number of microorganisms within the matrix, oxygen content, moisture content, and nutrient availability in the substrate, and the performance of the operational procedures. The initial biodrying matrix comprises sewage sludge and bulking agents (sawdust and feed), which operate in structuring, nutrition, and moisture content correction. The goal of this study was to analyze the biodrying treatment processes and operations as well as to evaluate the influence of aeration rate, mass ratio, and moisture content in the initial matrix. Bibliometric analysis and papers study drove the arrangements and analysis processes. Eight biodrying trials were carried out in the laboratory on different durations (16, 20, and 24 days). Trials 1, 2, 7, and 8 contained both sludge and bulking agents, while trials 3, 4, 5, and 6 had only bulking agents. The biodrying matrix was mixed manually in Trials 1 and 2 every four days and in the others trials according to the temperature decrease. Forced aeration was continuous (constant or variable) in all trials. The continuous and constant aeration rate for Trials 1 and 2 was 1 L.min-1.kgTS-1; for Trials 5, 7, and 8 was 2 L.min-1.kgTS-1; and for Trial 6 was 3 L.min-1.kgTS-1. The aeration rate (continuous and variable) for Trials 3 and 4 was 1 and 2 L.min-1.kgTS-1, respectively. Both aeration rates were raised to 3 L.min-1.kgTS-1 on day 20. On day 22, the rates were raised again to 4 L.min-1.kgTS-1. It was found that anaerobic sludge dewatered in a mechanical system has a low Lower Heating Value (LHV) on a wet basis (845 kJ.kg-1), thus requiring treatment processes such as biodrying to enable its energy use. Trials 7 and 8 achieved the most efficient results, reaching the thermophilic phase, reducing the moisture content from 62.33 and 61.48% to 46.73 and 29.36%, and reducing the mass by 48.47 and 60.09%, respectively. Trial 8 achieved the lowest moisture content and the highest LHV on a wet basis (10,083 kJ.kg-1), making it the most feasible condition for energy use. In conclusion, the initial matrix moisture content around 60%, aeration rate greater than or equal to 2.0 L.min-1.kgTS-1, and mass proportion of 6:1:5 (sludge:sawdust:feed) present better results involving temperature range and reduction of mass and moisture content, and therefore sewage sludge energy use.
Estudo da série LaNi1-xFexO3 e folhas de grafite pirolítico em reações de desprendimento de oxigênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17)
Gozzo, Cipriano Benedito
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0186437696776091
Due to the critical need to change from fossil to renewable fuels, the perovskite oxide structures emerge as an important class of materials due to its activity in photovoltaic cells, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical cells and electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Among several perovskites, LaNiO3 is promising for water oxidation reactions. However, this material presents some difficulties in stabilizing the Ni3+ site. A possible alternative to stabilize this oxidation state is the addition of other transition metals. The support electrodes on which the materials are deposited and used in RDO are extremely important in improving electrocatalytic activity. Pyrolytic graphite sheets can present themselves as an attractive alternative for a support electrode, having advantages as excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, in this work, a study was carried out on the electrocatalytic properties of the LaNi1-xFexO3 series (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) for RDO, analyzing the effects caused by the addition of Fe3+. These materials were deposited on PGS, as a potential substrate for electrocatalysis. Perovskites were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, followed by heat treatment. Depending on the amount of iron added, a phase transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic, and morphological modifications were identified in these materials. It was observed that the LaNi0.4Fe0.6O3 electrode presented the most efficient condition for RDO. This electrocatalyst showed the lowest charge transfer resistance, low overpotential (439 mV at 10 mA cm-2) and a lower Tafel slope (52 mV dec-1) compared to the LaNiO3 phase (465 mV and 76 mV dec-1). PGS was also used for electrodeposition of NiFe-based catalysts, which presented a high electrocatalytic activity. The electrodeposited sample with 75% Ni and 25% Fe provided an overpotential of 320 mV, while in the same sample deposited on glassy carbon, the overpotential was 350 mV. In conclusion, it was possible to determine that both the LaNi1-xFexO3 series (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) and NiFe layered double hydroxides, both deposited on PGS, are potential materials to be applied in OER.
Métodos para estimativa de imagens NIR a partir de imagens de câmeras RGB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17)
Lima, Daniel Caio de
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2950948945228069
Precision Agriculture involves the use of technology for management and decision making to allow rural producers to get better production results. To gain the desired effect, it is necessary a huge data collection and processing of the cultivated areas, being Remote Sensing, using special sensors attached to drones, a powerful alternative for this task. Vegetation Indices obtained with arithmetic equations, are used to highlight vegetation cover density variations using near infrared (NIR) images and visible spectrum images, being useful to assess biomass and productivity estimation from a crop, for example. The main problem is the elevated costs of drones and principally of sensors that acquire NIR images, making the use of this technology, by small producers, unattractive or difficult. The objective of this work is to propose a method to estimate NIR images using ordinary photographic camera RGB images that could eliminate the use of specific sensors and the need to make alterations in commom cameras, thus making this technology cost lower. To achieve this goal, we propose the use of a Deep Learning architecture (Pix2Pix) and a spectral signature based, KNN classification and a weighted sum by proximity degree of k nearest reference signatures method, producing a new spectral signature. These methods are described and evaluated in this document. Results showed that the two methods investigated can be used to estimate NIR images, showing high similarity to real NIR images.
Decomposição da variância para o modelo de regressão destrutivo Waring de longa duração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-17)
Vasquez, Jonathan Kevin Jordan
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Rodrigues, Josemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9565445098851076
The goal of this work is to formulate a two-stage regression long-term model, whose destructive mechanism of the competitive risk factors is flexible for measuring the impact on the survival function or cure rate of three variance components induced by: randomness effects, external effects or external frailties (unknown covariates) and destruction or internal frailty (destructive mechanism). The number of the risk factors which were not eliminated is unobservable random variable, called discrete frailty, and the choice of the frailty distribution must be appropriate to detect the sources of variability responsible for the variation between patients. The discrete frailty random variable of the first-stage of the model is based on the Waring distribution, which splits the variance into these three components, and was applied with success in the accident theory, epidemiology and biology. A simulation study and an application to a HIV and melanoma data, via likelihood approach, illustrate the utility of the Waring distribution to detect internal frailty, external frailty and model's uncertainty (randomness effect), which are not observable and responsible for the heterogeneity across patients. The cure rate is personalized and the patient is a protagonist for the treatment, and that could be useful to decide on preventive immunotherapy treatment for patients to fight cancer.
Processos educativos emergentes de uma unidade didática com o Fútbol Callejero nas aulas de Educação Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-04-18)
Grifoni, Tiago
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Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039636076571912
Considering the emergence of Fútbol Callejero as a pratice of popular education, mainly in Latin American countries, the current study based on assumptions of an action research aims to analyze the educational processes related to attitudinal knowledge resulting from the application of a didactic unit with Fútbol Callejero in Physical Education classes in a 9th grade class from elementary school. The Callejera Methodology proposes the game in three playing times with teams, necessarily mixed, and there is a mediator to replace the referee. In the first half, the participants combine the rules of the game in accordance with the agreements established which are noted by the mediator. In the second, they dispute the match marked by these agreements under the watchful eye of the mediator. The third, also called mediation, the mediator conducts dialogue and reflections on the situations of the game and punctuates not only the goals, but the fulfillment of the three pillars (respect, solidarity and cooperation) suggested by the Methodology. From a methodological point of view, we carried out an action research and the instrument used for data collection was the class diary. The didactic unit was composed of 16 classes, distributed in eight double lessons held on Fridays during the months of March, April and May in which the following themes were developed: gender relations in sports, Fútbol Callejero, and its three pillars: youth protagonism, mediation in Fútbol Callejero ,and organization of a festival among the students using the Callejera Methodology. The methodological way defined to guide the research was the Systematization of Experiences. We recorded the conversation groups on films and eight class diaries were written, transcribing the experience accurately. Our data analysis inspired by the coding categories lead to three categories: A- “Girls can play at an equal level through Fútbol Callejero”; B- "They choose only the good players, only the best"; C- “ Nowadays, with the practice of Fútbol Callejero, they are more united without divisions and everyone has become friends”. Based on our analysis, we identified the practice of Fútbol Callejero as spaces of humanized relationships guided by dialogue promoting the practice of solidarity, empathy, cooperation, and respect, which makes a pedagogically successful strategy with attitudinal knowledge through sport in Physical Education classes.