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Metabolic discrimination of citrus species resistant and susceptible to black spot disease using multi-platform-based metabolomic approach
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Fernandes, Hocelayne Paulino; Silva Junior, Geraldo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1914466350758724; Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5603202572656142
Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa. CBS causes several economic damages to commercial citrus orchards, such as fruit blemishes and premature fruit drop, leading to yield loss. There are few studies related to the profile of compounds associated with the Citrus- P. citricarpa relationship. Thus, this study aimed to i) investigate the metabolic changes in leaves of two citrus species, Citrus limon (lemon) and Citrus latifolia (Tahiti lime), susceptible and resistant to citrus black spot disease, respectively, inoculated with the P. citricarpa; ii) have a general view of all metabolites present in citrus plants by using different metabolomics-based platforms, and iii) understand the mechanism that is supposed to be involved in citrus defense against this pathogen. Different analytical platforms, such as NMR, LC-MS, HPTLC and GC-MS were used. In addition, chemometrics tools were applied and as result, coumarins were observed at higher concentrations in C. latifolia specie after inoculation with the pathogen. Moreover, metabolomic of the pathogen was also investigated using molecular networking- GNPS platform which showed the diversity of compounds that may be produced by this fungus. This work provides a better understanding of the metabolic profile of resistant and susceptible citrus challenged by P. citricarpa as well as the compounds associated with the defense of plants against the pathogen.
Estudo termodinâmico, microrreológico e de propriedades mecânicas de blendas poliméricas ternárias com matriz de PCL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Valio, Gustavo Trindade; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4352561429777808
There is a demand for high quality materials that meet specific needs such as comfort, low cost and direct skin molding for making orthoses. This work aimed develop and identify some mechanical properties and the microrheology of a possible blend for this purpose. Ternary blends with Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix and Poly (butyral vinyl) (PVB) and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer (EVA) as dispersed phases were elaborated. Therefore, PCL is used by all commercial products because it has a low melting temperature (60 ° C). The use of PVB was proposed in an attempt to generate a shape memory blend, an important property during the making and molding. EVA was used in an attempt to raise the material temperature use. The thermodynamics of mixing, morphology, microrheology and some mechanical properties of the binary and ternary blends were studied. The results showed that there is a certain degree of affinity between PCL and PVB and between PVB and EVA. The ternary blends showed core-shell morphology with EVA probably being the core phase and PVB the shell. PVB showed a formation of co-continuous fibrillar morphology in the PCL. There was agreement with the Palierne equation only for PCL/EVA blend. Because they have a probable co-continuity formation (PCL/PVB), processing degradation (EVA/PVB) and core-shell structure, these samples deviated significantly from what was predicted by Palierne. The tensile properties of the ternary blend, with high fractions of dispersed phases - 50%, did not undergo significant changes and the impact properties significantly improved related to the PCL. Thus, the proposed ternary blend has good evidence to be used in the manufacture of orthoses due to its mechanical properties and significant cost reduction with the high fraction of the proposed dispersed phases.
Formação de nexos conceituais do número na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Guimarães, Gabriela Guerreiro; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9775395172698200
This dissertation aims to analyze the conceptual nexuses of the natural numbers that are formed in children developed from Triggering Situations of Learning (SDA) provided in the context of Teaching Guiding Activities (AOE). In this context, it is necessary consider the role of interactions in the process in the process of forming conceptual nexuses of the number as content that are related to counting from SDA. The interactions are directly related to the work developed in an early childhood school in the countryside of São Paulo, in the year 2019 which involved 23 children, aged 5 and 6 years. The questions that led the research were defined as follows: What are the conceptual nexuses of the natural numbers that are formed in children while interacting in situations that trigger learning? What is the role of interactions in this process? The investigation is based on the assumptions of historical-cultural theory. The data were obtained from the development of SDA about the conceptual nexuses of the number, such as: numerical sense, correspondence one by one, grouping and numerical representation through the use of one game entitled: Quantitative hula hoops of colors and four games called: The deck of numerical sense; When the man didn't have to count; The problem of heroes and Numerical hula hoops. In this context, the SDA which are in the form of play and games are configured as an educational product, in which it was sought to enable predominantly playful learning in the context of early childhood education. As a result, the data obtained indicate that from the developed SDA, children were able to interact with the conceptual nexus of numbers, thus facilitating the apprehension of counting, in which it was found that in all children the conceptual nexus was formed, in some of them formed the conceptual nexus of correspondence one by one and, in the minority, the conceptual nexus of grouping. In this sense, the role of interactions highlights for its importance in the knowledge acquisition process, which provided greater appropriation by children of the conceptual nexuses of the number, facilitating learning and providing greater development for children.
Research and design of an autonomous and collaborative guided vehicle prototype, to be applied in indoor and outdoor environments and different types of floor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Hoogewijs, Dimitri; Araujo, Luis Antonio Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630
This thesis is an initial attempt to investigate and design a prototype of an Autonomous Guided Vehicle (AGV) which could operate in indoor and outdoor applications. Currently, an AGV is designed to work in applications where the driving surface is clean, flat, and solid. This takes some planning and timing before implementation. Therefore a suitable solution needs to be found which will make the vehicle usable in multiple environments without the need for clean surfaces. Firstly information is gathered about industrial AGV’s to know what an AGV is made of and what are the strengths or flaws of the current ones. After that several concepts are proposed for designing problems like wheel geometry, backlash while steering, which kind of suspension, etc. The main problem is solved by adding a suspension, which contains a shock absorber and coil spring, to the vehicle. This will make the wheels keep in contact with the surface, even when it is loose and/or uneven like sand. To be able to maneuver in all directions, there is opted for a four-wheel drive and steering solution. A dynamic model of the vehicle is made to see how the suspension and the chassis of the vehicle will react to a different load and a step in the road. Technical drawings, motor and suspension calculations, electrical structure, risk analysis, and cost estimation are also included in this study. Keywords: AGV. Suspension. Outdoor. Prototype.
Desenvolvimento de metodologia para monitoramento contínuo da concentração de emissão de PM1 em fontes estacionárias industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Krauss, Elisângela; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3736702961346966
Among the processes that generate emissions of ultrafine particles (UFP), which are known by their high potential to cause brain diseases when inhaled, the prilling towers have a significant contribution, as those processes use flow rates up to 10 times higher than other dryers. From the monitoring perspective, UFP are generally unstable and volatile (as the case of sulfates and nitrates) making its mass concentration determination inaccurate, especially if continuous mass monitoring is intended to be installed. Also, the environmental agencies have demanded that particulate matter from the stacks must be continuously monitored, with the standard procedure for calibration being the gravimetric sampling. In this context, this research has evaluated the performance of two continuous sensors on measuring UFP mass concentration in an industrial fertilizer prilling tower. The sensors tested were electrodynamic diffusion charger (EDA) and optical scattering (OSA). The analyzers were installed at same stack where gravimetric sampling (GS) was performed to find calibration factors. Data was collected over four seasons in Northern Europe, including the particulate matter from the analyzers, meteorological and process parameters. A controlled experiment where flows and meteorological parameters were kept stable was run to test electrical low-pressure cascade impactor (ELPI) performance compared to the other sensors. The results show that OSA follows the process changes and the calibration factors obtained from GS varied on 0.5 standard deviations over products and seasons. EDA represents better sudden variations up to its operating range, but the calibration factors measured were over three standard deviation, independent of seasons and products. EDA also presented an artificially high emission due to intermittent steam injection in the stream. Dust deposition on the sensors affects the reading on both analyzers but only OSA indicates it. While modelling the data collected over the period, it was found that EDA was neither correlated with process nor meteorological parameters (r-squared less than 10%) what can be caused by particles not being charged evenly or droplets read as particles. The OSA concentration model showed r-squared of 45% and strong correlation with meteorological parameters and raw material flow rates. The model presented a standard error of 0.21 mg/Nm3. OSA has potential to be employed for ultrafine particles monitoring if the influence of particle characteristics under industrial operation is considered and meteorological parameters are included, as already in practice for ultrafine particles monitoring outdoors. Finally the linear regression models built based on the methodology here proposed, showed that the commercial sensors did not have enough precision while ELPI analyzer output presented a model with adjusted r-squared of 94.13% and a standard error of 0.02 mg/m3 not including any air stream parameter and detecting changes in the process that allow optimization of those to reduce the UF emission. The ELPI shows potential to be used as calibration device to other in-situ continuous dust monitoring when dealing with UFP, once gravimetric sampling has reached its detection limit for UFP. By applying the methodology here proposed there is potential to install and calibrate continuous sensors at stationary sources emitting UFP with ELPI as well as optimizing the process to reduce the concentration of UFP and by doing so, decreasing the potential impact of those in the environment and on the human health.
Análise de sequências de genes de limoneno sintases em genomas de citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Ferreira, Francisco Inacio Paiva; Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377; Takita, Marco Aurélio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578612884434541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6675777553887685
Limonene, a terpene found in essential oil extracted from citrus peel, has great applicability on industry. Is it known that there are great limonene concentration differences among citrus varieties, however, limonene remains the principal component of essential oils from this group. In this study, it was hypothesized that genomic differences could be related to the variations of limonene observed between different species. In order to prove this, an in silico analysis was performed and limonene synthase sequences were searched on Citrus sinensis variety “Valencia” genome, available on “Citrus Genome Database”. Those results were used to obtain highly similar sequences from species such as C. sinensis (sweet orange “Ridge Pineapple”), C. reticulata (tangerine), C. ichangensis (papeda), C. maxima (pomelo) and C. medica (cider). Results indicate that there are thirteen gene sequences coding for limonene synthases in Valencia. Those thirteen sequences were aligned. The results of the alignments served to have an initial idea ofthe real similarity between the sequences, we see that there are conserved regions in several of the alignments performed, which implies that the varieties have phylogenetic relationships, which is expected since they all belong to the same genus. At no time, the sequences were 100% identical, which shows an interesting result, after all, studies have proven that different varieties/species have different amounts of limonene in their essential oils. There is high sequence similarity among the sweet oranges, C. maxima and C. reticulate, which confirms the ancestral origin of those varieties, since C. sinensis is a hybrid among C. maxima, C. reticulata and another unknown citrus species. Another analysis that was performed was a sequence similarity search using the translated sequence from the thirteen limonene synthase proteins from Valencia against the same varieties used on genomic similarity search. This analysis resulted the same pattern of similarity among C. sinensis, C. maxima and C. reticulate found on genomic similarity results, and the phylogenetic analysis confirmed those results. The analysis of the promoter region did not show the similarities found in the analysis of gene and protein sequences, which may be the expected result, these differences between promoters may be related to the regulation of genes and thereby explain the difference in limonene synthases between species and variety of citrus. Although eukaryotic promoter analysis is one of the most difficult computation problems, an in-depth study of the referred promoter regions is needed to elucidate our interpretation of genomic and proteomic comparisons.
O documentário político-epistolar de Lucia Murat: uma análise de Uma longa viagem (2011)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Bianchini, Rafaella Maria Bossonello; Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2092489270345939
In the documentary A Long Journey (2011), by Lucia Murat, multiple layers of narrative, aesthetic, and archive collection resources (such as photographs from personal collections and excerpts from audiovisual works from external sources; testimonials; performance; verbal narration; image editing) and sounds by overlapping and alternating thematic juxtaposition, among other ways) access and crush memories in search of a rereading of the past through the epistolary narrative, hence extracting multiple and current meanings. Like the multiple layers of narrative resources, the work permeates collective and personal instances of surviving memories: the historical and social political past of the 1960s and 1970s, the generational and the personal and family. This research is intended for a narrative and aesthetic analysis of Lucia Murat's film in order to establish the concept of a contemporary political-epistolary documentary.
Efeitos funcionais e sistêmicos do pós-operatório recente de cirurgia bariátrica: treinamento físico com eletroestimulação de corpo inteiro como estratégia de reabilitação precoce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) André, Larissa Delgado; Basso-Vanelli, Renata Pedrolongo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6419696729541090; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0450624418380267
Obesity is a chronic inflammation and multifactorial disease associated with comorbidities and has reached alarming epidemic proportions worldwide. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been considered the most effective treatment, being Roux-en-Y gastric bypass the most prevalent approach. The surgical procedure associated with physical inactivity and restrictive hypocaloric dietary in the postoperative (PO) period decrease weight loss, also followed by muscle mass loss and, consequently lower functional and aerobic capacity, affecting muscle quality. In this context, being important to understand the mediate consequences of surgery as well as to promote early rehabilitation strategies, we proposed the accomplishment of two studies. The first one, a prospective and observational study, entitled “Impact of bariatric surgery on submaximal exercise testing in morbid obese patients” aimed to evaluate the mediate effects of bariatric surgery by means of body composition with bioimpedance and functional capacity applying the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) before and early after hospital discharge. Thirty-nine morbid obese who underwent RYGB were included. In our findings, impairments on aerobic and functional capacity with significant reduction of distance walked in the 6MWT as well as cardiometabolic and pulmonary variables and significant decline in all body composition measures, emphasizing the crucial loss of muscle mass in one week post-BS. Thereafter, due to negative consequences of BS, the study II, a randomized triple blind controlled trial, entitled “Whole-body electrical stimulation as a strategy to improve functional capacity and preserver lean mass after bariatric surgery: a randomized triple-blind controlled trial was developed. Thirty-five obese, aged between 18 and 45 years old, were submitted to RYGB. The preoperative assessments consisted of maximal and submaximal exercise testing, body composition analysis, blood collection and quadriceps strength and endurance test. The PO evaluation, performed between two days to one week after discharge, was carried out with measurements of body composition and 6MWT and after completion of intervention protocol, all preoperative evaluations were repeated. In the intervention protocol, randomized subjects performed electromyostimulation group (WB-EMSG, n=17) or control group (ShamG, n=18). The protocol consisted of 10-14 dynamic exercises, with no load, 5 days per week, for a total of 30 sessions. Both groups wore WB-EMS vests, which only WB-EMSG underwent an electrical stimulation protocol (Endurance: 85Hz, 350ms, 6s of strain, 4f of rest; Strength: 30Hz, 350ms, 4s of strain, 10 ABSTRACT seconds of rest, with bipolar electrical pulse). After intervention, subjects were reevaluated and ShamG performed same protocol with switched off current. The main findings of the present study were: 1) both intervention protocols demonstrated favorable outcomes on functional capacity performance but only WB-EMSG reached important amelioration of the same measures when compared to preoperative baseline, followed by decreased blood pressure, leg fatigue and dyspnea during recovery; 2) both groups demonstrated similar improvements in body composition parameters; 3) WB-EMS avoided greater loss of muscle strength and endurance following the intervention; a significant decline in muscle performance and important increase in muscle fatigue was only apparent in the ShamG; and 4) WB-EMSG was not superior to exercise training alone in improving biochemical parameters but did lead to a significant increase in adiponectin. In conclusion, the mediate PO is associated with reduction of body composition, especially lean mass and impairments on functional capacity, highlighting the importance of early evaluation and intervention rehabilitation. Additionally, a 6-week WB-EMS program associated with dynamic exercises in post-BS patients improved functional capacity, preserved muscle strength and endurance, with maintenance of muscle fatigue. However, WB-EMS was not able to enhance the effects of body weight reductions acutely following BS. Our results are important to show the feasibility of applying early rehabilitation protocols in morbidly obese patients after BS, and that WB-EMS may potentiate the positive effects of an exercise training program, being well tolerated and promoting adherence among post-BS patients.
Planejamento experimental aplicado aos estudos de degradação forçada do fármaco Ticagrelor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Cunha, Danilo Rodrigues; Carneiro, Renato Lajarim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9707222044420814
Stability indicating tests are an essential part during pharmaceutical drug production, besides being a mandatory step for the regulation and approval from the regulatory agencies. Forced degradation consist of an exposure of the drug substance to rough stress conditions in order to verify the intrinsic stability of the drug molecule and identify its degradation products. These tests are usually conducted by univariate analysis being the pharmaceutical drug submitted to different stress conditions, such as: acid, alkaline and oxidative media, photolysis and humidity exposure. This work aims to evaluate by multivariate analysis the forced degradation of Ticagrelor using design of experiments. Two designs were built, the first one evaluated 3 variables at 5 levels: pH (2; 4; 6; 8; 10), concentration of hydrogen peroxide in % v / v (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0, 75; 1) and temperature in °C (26; 33; 40; 47; 54). On the second one, the UV radiation was evaluated qualitatively while pH and Temperature were evaluated in a 2-variables design in the same levels as the first one. For each experiment, the degradation percentage of Ticagrelor was calculated and the results were used to build mathematical models using multiple regression. In the experiments without UV radiation, the concentration of H2O2 followed by pH were the most significant variables in the degradation process of Ticagrelor. In the experiments with UV irradiation, only the variable pH was significant. There are indications that an interaction between the variables pH and UV radiation is possible in this design. The temperature and other interactions between the variables were not significant in both experiments. All experiments were subjected to chromatographic separation by HPLC-UV and the assays with a good chromatographic profile were subjected to analysis by HPLC-IT-MS to structural elucidation of the degradation products. Thus, experimental planning proved to be a useful tool in conducting forced degradation studies, allowing the evaluation of the effect of multiple variables, as well as their interactions in the degradation process of Ticagrelor.
Desenvolvimento de sachês biodegradáveis à base de amido para liberação do micronutriente zinco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-08-31) Peres, Laiza Gabriela Sanches; Paris, Elaine Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578136116007216
Due to the great importance of agriculture in human activities and the economy, studies have been directed in order to increase the efficiency of agricultural production. This project aimed to increase zinc oxide (ZnO) solubility by decreasing the size of the particles and further place them in starch sachets to work as a release system. To obtain nanoparticles, top-down and bottom-up approaches were evaluated using high energy grinding (HEG) and synthetic methods. The results obtained after grinding showed that the process carried out for 16 h allowed the obtaining of nanoparticles with an average diameter of 71 ± 41 nm, with smaller size and greater homogeneity, compared to the commercial one (174 ± 95 nm). Regarding solubility, the ground nanoparticles proved to be more efficient than the synthesized and commercial ones, since they promoted the release of 81 ± 4% of Zn2+ ions in 24 h. The TPS processing was carried out in an intensive mixer in an internal chamber and, subsequently, thermo-pressed. For developing the sachets, a corn starch matrix was used, because of this material biodegradability. Due to hydrophilicity and low mechanical resistance of starch, montmorillonite clay (MMT) was evaluated as reinforcement. The starch sachet with 1% MMT increased the barrier property by 24% and also improved the mechanical features, increasing the tensile and elongation resistance by 52% and 57%, respectively. The 24 h release essay of ZnO from both TPS (82 ±12%) and TPS reinforced with 1% MMT sachets (66 ± 11%) showed similar behavior to the free ZnO profile. Therefore, it was possible to obtain a starch sachet capable of ZnO fertilizer packaging, enabling to minimize losses through aerial dispersion.