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Limites e possibilidades das compras institucionais para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar: estudo de caso do IFSP – campus Avaré
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Watanabe, Gustavo Yoshio; Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2322654963567549
The Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) are public policies that have among their purposes: promoting access to food and encouraging family farming. This work has the object of study, using the case study and action research as a methodology, to analyze the shopping experience of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo - Avaré campus together with family farming. As for the case study, it refers to the shopping experiences, comprised in the period from 2016 to 2019, when the federal autarchy started the execution of the PNAE using the Avaré campus as a pilot project. As for action research, it is supported by the fact that the researcher participated in the purchases made during this period. The data collection of the work was done through interviews with family farmers who participated, participate or never participated as beneficiaries of these policies for the IFSP - campus Avaré during the studied period. In addition to the interviews, the documentary research that brought data from notices, contracts, sales projects, among other documents, as well as the participant observation that brought contributions in the analysis of the results obtained. Finally, as regards the results, the importance of executing these purchases for family farming can be seen, demonstrated by the farmers' perceptions mainly regarding the share they represent in their incomes. However, they point out that, among the main difficulties, marketing prices are not interesting and also problems with transportation, which must be evaluated by Organs executing agencies. As for the possibilities of approximation among stakeholders, there is a need for approximation to resolve the difficulties mentioned, but positively there is an intention of involvement by the interviewees in participating in these discussions. Finally, in the context of the pandemic, it appears that there was a negative economic impact on income for farmers benefiting from these public policies due to the suspension of school deliveries, corroborating the importance and positive impact that these public policies represent for these family farmers.
Obtenção de sachês biodegradáveis de amido reforçados com nanopartículas de CuO para liberação de nutrientes minerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Malafatti, João Otávio Donizette; Paris, Elaine Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9880071190362996
Fertilizers have been used as agricultural inputs to allow maximum yield during the growth of crops. One of the significant challenges is the efficiency of the plant's nutritional process. It is necessary to use excessive amounts of nutrients to minimize losses due to leaching and aerial dispersion processes, leading to economic and environmental contamination. Potassium is one of the essential fertilizers used in agriculture, and like the others, it is mainly provided by import. Thus, the present research project aimed to develop biodegradable starch sachets for packaging and potassium fertilizer release. However, starch materials are subject to the loss of initial characteristics due to the degenerative retrogradation effect, high hygroscopicity, and easy proliferation of microorganisms, decreasing the shelf life until application in the field. In this sense, for the best performance, the presence of citric acid was evaluated, aiming at the esterification of starch and the insertion of faujasite zeolite (FAU) reinforcement materials modified with Cu2+ and CuO nanoparticulate ions. Copper is one of the micronutrients used to develop plants and presents antimicrobial properties, enabling more remarkable preservation of sachets. The CuO nanoparticles and the FAU were obtained by quicky precipitation and the hydrothermal treatment methods, respectively. The processing of the films that make up the sachet was carried out from the homogenization of the starch under temperature, in the presence of water and urea, acting as plasticizer and source of nitrogen for the plants, followed by thermo-pressing. In the starch films, it was possible to obtain a matrix with 25% (w/w) of urea, enabling the polymeric matrix to be more ductile. When inserting the reinforcement materials, it was possible to verify that CuO at a concentration of 1% (w/w) showed an increase in tensile strength of about 120%, a result similar to that found for the FAU reinforced film in the concentration of 3% (w /w) and with the presence of citric acid. All copper-containing films showed a fungistatic effect for the fungus Alternaria alternata, a microorganism very susceptible to sources rich in carbohydrates. Besides, the film containing 1% (w/w) CuO of nanoparticles showed protection against visible and ultraviolet radiation. In the release of KCl in sachets, it was possible to observe K+ ions rapid availability when coming into direct contact with the aqueous medium, thus enabling a quick action with the external medium. Upon the release of urea, all sachets showed a similar value after 60 days, indicating equivalent matrix degradation. For the Cu2+ nutrient, it was possible to observe that the FAU film with citric acid below releases the ion, possibly due to the more stabilization of the cation in the matrix. In this way, starch sachets were obtained with promising properties that increase fertilizer commercial application viability.
Educação de jovens e adultos: um olhar sobre o governo Jair Messias Bolsonaro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Nakadaki, Vitória Evelin Pignatari; Lima, Paulo Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4048020823173550
The Education of Youths and Adults - EJA, in the contemporary world, is notorious as a modality of teaching basic education, claimed by the Brazilian jurisdiction as a fundamental right, repairing - of an emerging trend - the historical-social debt to those who have been denied their right to education in the own age. Such a situation emerges in the current compensatory, equalizing and qualifying character of public policies, whose effectiveness in combating illiteracy and its setbacks has, over the past decades, been inept, flawed. In view of this, it was pertinent to ask, due to the object of the present research, “what initiatives, at the level of public policies of the Jair Messias Bolsonaro Government, were taken for the Education of Youths and Adults in Brazil? ”. In order to elucidate the issue, we opted for the development of exploratory research of a qualitative nature (MINAYO, 2002), by means of bibliographic and documentary analysis, using specialized literature of current research and national norms. It was found, after observing historical and current indications, regarding the path of consolidation of the modality - from the colonial to the republican period, that contemporary public policies aimed at EJA, before and during a period of historical exceptionality posed by the Covidean pandemic 19, have configured public neglect and emergency actions, sometimes palliative, sometimes insufficient, which has substantially affected the access and participation of students, considering, among other factors, the dismantling of institutional structures and the reorganization of the school calendar under circumstances of social isolation and sudden adaptation to the unusual demand for remote, or non-face-to-face teaching, whose ordering in the public educational system proved to be incipient.
Atividade e níveis da ADAM10 plasmática em indivíduos com transtorno neurocognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Grigoli, Marina Mantellatto; Vatanabe, Izabela Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546552931158643; Cominetti, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9440515754252720
In dementias, alterations in brain functioning and progressive and global loss of cognitive functions are observed, interfering in the individual's social and occupational activities, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the main one. Mild neurocognitive impairment (MCI) can be considered a transient phase between normal cognition and AD and biomarkers that can diagnose these diseases in their early stages, preferably in samples that do not require highly invasive collection procedures, are the target of many recent studies and present a major clinical challenge in the area. AD is strongly related to the formation, accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in neurons. This molecule is formed by the sequential cleavage of β and γ-secretases, via a pathway called amyloidogenic. On the other hand, the sequential cleavage by α and γ-secretase, by the non-amyloidogenic pathway, prevents the formation of neuronal Aβ, and consequently, the appearance and advancement of AD. ADAM10 is the main neuronal α-secretase and is also present in platelets, white cells and CSF. Studies by our and other research groups indicate that the levels of active ADAM10 in platelets of patients with AD are decreased compared to healthy subjects. Thus, ADAM10 is a strong candidate for blood biomarkers for AD. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the levels and activity of ADAM10 in the blood plasma of subjects with AD and MCI, in order to support the function of this protein as a biomarker for these conditions. Previous results from our group allowed us to elaborate the hypothesis of this study that the levels of soluble and therefore possibly inactive ADAM10 in the plasma of subjects with MCI and AD would be increased, compared to the levels of cognitively healthy subjects.
Setor sucroenergético: dinâmica produtiva do açúcar no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Lima, Andreza Tuckmantel de; Santos, Jeronimo Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360442111575366; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4013503125102267
Brazil stands out worldwide in the sugar-energy sector, in world rankings it presents itself as the largest producer and exporter of sugar and the second largest producer of ethanol. In this sense, it is important to better understand the productive dynamics of sugar and its economic variables (domestic and international prices) to contribute positively to the strengthening of public policies and actions of the private sector. Thus, the general objective of this work is to analyze the productive and economic dynamics of Brazilian sugar between the 2003/2004 and 2019/2020 harvests, through selected economic variables and the calculation of correlation index. Specifically, to identify periods of variations in sugar production, followed by a qualitative analysis of these periods, as well as to verify the correlations between sugar production and product prices in the domestic and international markets. This research has an exploratory character, with the use of secondary data, obtained through bibliographic reviews, encompassing books, academic papers, websites of public and private institutions, etc. Pearson's Correlation Index was used to calculate the correlation between the sugar production variable and the variables of domestic and international prices. As results, positive correlations were found between: sugar production and product prices in the domestic and international markets; domestic and international sugar prices. Six periods with variations in sugar production were also identified and their respective qualitative and quantitative analyses were made. Moreover, as expected, it could be inferred that Brazil does not dictate the price of sugar in the foreign market, but has an active participation in it, much due to being the largest producer and exporter of this commodity. It was possible to conclude that the production mix of sugarcane depends on complex analyses and several factors, many of them including at global levels. However, the destination of sugar to the international market is historically consolidated and this was found during the period analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the productive dynamics of sugar is important for the decision-making of the private sector, guideing the right amount and time to sell sugar in the domestic and/or international market.
Análises in silico de genes associados à embriogênese somática em cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Cavalcante, Victor Ramos; Carneiro, Monalisa Sampaio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2696490871291334; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7990507402831551
Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) is one of the most used regeneration pathways to obtain sugarcane genetically modified plants. ISE regulatory genes have been widely studied in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, and act as activators of the expression of gene cascades or promoting cell growth and differentiation. In contrast, in sugarcane, there are few reports in the literature with these genes involved in ISE. Thus, the present study aimed to i) search for putative homologous genes responsible for the regulation of ISE (families: BABYBOOM, WUSCHEL, LEAFY COTYLEDON, VIVIPAROUS1, and AGAMOUS-LIKE) in sugarcane (SP80-3280 and Saccharum spontaneum); ii) analyze the phylogeny between the sugarcane amino acid sequences and their homologous in Arabidopsis thaliana and Poaceae species; iii) design ideal primers for studying the expression of sugarcane ISE-related genes. BLAST and BLASTp searches were carried out in the Phytozome, NCBI, UniProt, and Gramene databases to obtain homologous sequences of the five gene families in corn, sorghum, rice, and A. thaliana. Thus, phylogenetic analyzes of amino acid sequences were performed with the aid of the software CLUSTALW and MEGAX, which showed evolutionary proximity between the proteins of Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, S. spontaneum, and SP80-3280 in all the studied genes. In silico analyzes indicated that they may have more than one gene from the BABYBOOM, WUSCHEL, and VIVIPAROUS1 families regulating the pathways of ISE in sugarcane. In addition, with the aid of the PRIMER3 software, 8 pairs of primers with ideal parameters were obtained to be used in future analyzes of gene expression to understand more deeply the mechanisms of ISE.
Influência do valor médio do módulo de elasticidade à compressão paralela às fibras no projeto de treliças em madeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Gomes, Arthur Filipe Freire; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7112458774359627
In the evaluation of the service limit state, the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) recommends the adoption of the mean value of the elasticity module to compression in the direction parallel to grain (Ec0,m) for all the members of the structure. Due to the variability of the wood, this methodology can generate vertical displacements higher than the limit established by the regulations (L (span) / 200), which can cause pathological manifestations in the structure. In order to evaluate the influence of the adoption of Ec0, m for all the truss bars in the calculation of displacements, mechanical properties of the species Angelim Ferro (Hymenolobium sp) and Angelim Pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) were obtained through experimental tests, according to the normative specifications of ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). With the aid of numerical models developed in ABAQUS® and the experimental values of the mechanical properties, 10 typologies were analyzed (Porch, Inclined Banzos, Upper Inclined Banzo, Parallel Banzos, Bowstring, Fink, Howe, K Truss, Pratt, Scissor), 3 spans (5, 10 and 20 meters) and 2 species (Angelim Pedra and Angelim Ferro). Initially, adopting the Ec0, experimental for all bars and performing a linear analysis, the loads to generate a displacement of L/200 for each combination of parameters were determined. In the next step, using the loads previously defined, random experimental values of stiffness were assigned to each element of the truss and, through geometric nonlinear analyzes, the maximum displacements of each model were obtained. Based on the results of 1260 numerical simulations, displacements greater than the reference value (L/200) were obtained in 17.32%, 30.18% and 34.80% for spans of 5, 10 and 20 meters, respectively, suggesting that the methodology proposed by the standard may generate excessive displacements. These excessive displacements can cause pathological manifestations in the structure, reducing its useful life. This problem can be overcome with the use of non-destructive methods in the pre-classification of the structure bars, positioning the elements rationally in the regions of greatest demand.
Investigação aplicada à gestão de risco geológico-geotécnico, para fins de planejamento urbano. Caso piloto: "Erosão na cidade de São Carlos"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Acosta, Ileana Carolina Osorio; Menezes, Denise Balestrero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9301118203151845
The need to deepen the analysis of geological processes, of combined origin (natural-anthropogenic), in urbanized areas requires a constant review of the methodologies to be used. In this sense, the present research had as objective the construction of a methodological proposal of insertion of geotechnical data of subsoil in the elaboration of a map of susceptibilities to linear erosive processes, in a microbasin of the city of São Carlos-SP, like a fundamental tool in risk management in urban areas. Initially, the evolutionary assessment of the susceptibility and risk maps for erosion and landslide already existing in the state of São Paulo was carried out, and three major groups were identified: geotechnical maps, susceptibility maps and risk mapping. Within the cartographic groups of risk and susceptibility, the studies that included erosive features in their results were highlighted, since erosive processes are the central point of our research work. This survey favored the choice of multicriteria analysis in the development of our methodological proposal. Then, the characterization of the physical environment, the watershed of the Mineirinho river, proceeded through the selection of topographic, anthropic variables and soil attributes (subsoil) considered important in the development of erosive processes. Being chosen: the slope, the curvature of the slopes, the coverage and use of the soil, the vertical variation of the textures of the unconsolidated materials, as well as the geotechnical parameters of resistance to penetration, cohesion, friction angle and specific mass for each material, for consider them relevant in the context of this research. For the evaluation of the geotechnical characteristics of the superficial materials occurring in the studied basin, laboratory and in situ tests of resistance to penetration were carried out, using the STOLF impact penetrometer, as well as the collection and use of pre-existing data from drilling and wells carried out in the study region; constituting the first effort to create a geological-geotechnical database in the UFSCar DECiv. Finally, the 1: 15.000 scale erosion susceptibility map was generated in the Mineirinho river watershed in the city of São Carlos-SP, with detail (1: 2.000 scale) in a region that is currently developing erosion; resulting in the predominance of the "high susceptibility" class, correctly delimiting the most degraded areas, which confirms the influence of evaluated conditioning factors (topographic, textural, geotechnical and anthropogenic) in the potentiation of erosive features.
Produção e avaliação de anticorpo policlonal anti-Leishmania para aplicação em diagnóstico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Begnami, Isabela dos Santos; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; Carrilho, Emanuel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157872297410868; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385921945740640
Leishmania is a protozoa genus with several species of intracellular parasites that cause diseases called leishmaniasis, divided into: visceral (VL), the most serious form that affects internal organs and can lead to death, or cutaneous (CL), attacking the skin or mucous membranes with ulcers. These diseases belong to the group of neglected diseases, because they mostly infect poorer populations and are not a priority for health services, with their specific methods of treatment and diagnosis not reaching the places with the highest number of cases. To solve the problem and increase specificity and sensitivity, we can use specific recombinant purifieds, such as the recombinant protein K39 (kinesin-like protein K39), in the tests. Therefore, the objective of the work was to produce anti-leishmania antibodies from K39 aiming at the development of an immunoenzymatic test. The polyclonal anti-leishmania antibody was produced, qualitatively evaluated by SDS-PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane for an Immunoblotting Assay and applied to an indirect ELISA immunoassay for sensitivity analysis. In the electrophoretic profile was possible to observe the presence of two bands, one short chain (25kDa) and one long chain (53kDa), in addition to albumin contamination. The 1: 1000 dilution sample was stronger than the 1: 5000 sample. Different dilutions were tested in Immunoblotting (1:25, 1:50, 1: 100, 1: 250 and 1: 500) and bands were seen in all of them, with the 1: 500 antigen being the most evident, which confirms the reactivity of the antibody produced. For being polyclonal, nonspecific bands were also found. The optical density of the ELISA was measured in duplicate and standardized for analysis, generating satisfactory results for the concentrations of 1: 5000 and 1: 1000, even with this having the last lower result. Consequantly, the K39 antigen obtained values that enable its use in diagnoses for leishmaniasis.
Conhecimento tradicional e ensino formal: desafios educacionais entre quilombolas no Vale do Ribeira (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Costa, Manoela Olegário da; Prado, Helbert Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7266995448306223; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740413079955119
Schools inserted in quilombola contexts face challenges that go beyond an adapted Pedagogical Political Project. In this study, local narratives about education in the Pedro Cubas and Pedro Cubas de Cima communities (Vale do Ribeira, SP) are presented. Narratives are discussed in light of the challenges of integrating traditional knowledge and formal education for local children and adolescents. Data were collected through informal interviews and daily life observation in the context. The results showed aspects of life history, socialization, and reflections on education of eight individuals, among quilombolas and teachers who work in the region. School transport conditions were within the main difficulties reported. Proposals and local actions for the inclusion of differentiated teaching in the school curriculum could be also reported. However, the challenge of a more effective and permanent integration between quilombola culture, local knowledge, and formal education in schools remains. The school, seen as a multicultural and democratic environment, impacts positively not only local populations but the society as a whole.
Análise experimental da eficácia de um método de inspeção da interface de usuário para predição da resposta emocional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Silva, Letícia Gabrielly Zacano da; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7819752212688628
In the area of Human-Computer Interaction (IHC), evaluations help to know the desires and problems that people face when interacting with user interfaces (UI). Evaluations can be carried out in order to investigate aspects such as usability, accessibility, communicability of systems and the emotional response of users. There are some methods and ways of inspecting and classifying emotions evoked by UIs, such as physiological signals. However, most instruments for measuring physiological signals are expensive, invasive and use complex equipment. The Semiotic Inspection Method for evaluating Emotional responses (MISE) is a cheaper and less laborious alternative for evaluate the emotional state, as it does not require the participation of users to be applied. Several automatic searches were performed on search engines and few of the works found attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of an analytical method. For this reason opted for manual search, through the procedure of Snowballing. With this procedure, 32 studies were found that evaluated the effectiveness of analytical methods through comparisons with empirical methods. But, in most cases, the studies compared UIs usability methods and none analyzed methods of emotional response from users. There are studies in the literature that evaluate the feasibility of MISE, but so far, the effectiveness of MISE compared to other methods that evaluate the emotional response of users has not yet been measured. This research project aimed to evaluate whether MISE is effective to predict the emotional response evoked by UIs. For this, two empirical studies were carried out: (1) comparison of a gold standard (results from the application of MISE by the method proponent) with physiological signs and subjective feelings collected from 24 users and (2) comparison of the results of MISE applied by 9 IHC scholars versus a gold standard. In study 1, users had the signs of cardiac activity, brain activity and skin electro conductivity captured, while performing tasks in three types of UI: a game, a website and an application. In study 2, the researchers received training on the application of MISE and carried out inspections on the same 3 IUs used in the study with real UI users. At the end of the collection, comparisons were made between the empirical studies. The results suggest that the MISE proved to be easily apprehensible for HCI scholars, with no experience in applying the method. The data collected through physiological signals suggest that MISE can be effective in predicting the emotional state of users on site type UIs. And it is not effective on game and application type UIs. The markings of the volunteers in the collection of subjective feeling suggest that MISE can be effective in predicting the emotional state of users in game and application type UIs. And not effective on site type UIs.
Fertilizantes de eficiência aprimorada: perspectivas e potencial de uso de biopolímeros como matrizes de liberação lenta ou controlada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Borelli, Laíze Matos; Silva, Mariana Altenhofen da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8251375009305202; Soares, Marcio Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9411681179041619
Conventional mineral fertilizers consist of products applied in the field, which aim to provide higher yields for agricultural crops. However, the excessive use of these fertilizers in the soil causes environmental, economic, and energy problems, encouraging the search for alternatives in order to mitigate the harmful effects. Thus, one of the proposed strategies was the introduction of improved efficiency fertilizers in agriculture. The industrial production of these fertilizers generally involves the use of synthetic polymers, which, despite having good agronomic results, promote the generation of residues in the soil, as well as presenting a high price in the consumer market. In order to overcome this situation, recent research reports the use of several natural and biodegradable sources in the development of fertilizers, in particular biopolymers. However, despite these studies addressing the characterization of fertilizers and assessing their nutrient release profile and the degree of swelling in liquid media, it is noted that the scientific literature still lacks relevant information, such as its application in agricultural systems and data evaluation about crops, which enable the effective application of these technologies.
A gente não tem parada: etnografia e deslocamentos (de) travestis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Rodrigues, André Rocha; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9374672526245774
The travestis who work in the sex market reveal a close relation between their activities in these markets and territorial displacement. Studies usually address this subject based on the notions of stratification, status and distinction. Wish basis on the discussion on mobility and travestis, I present an expansion of the notion of displacement in order to highlight it as relation, sense and knowledge in order to understand some of the internal production processes of the travesties. That meant thinking about geographical shifts, but also the travestis' knowledge which derives from not having a safe port, not really belonging anywhere, getting a reference for the next thing, moving on recklessly and traveling to learn. I analyze the various meanings that displacement can reveal about the dynamics of existential movements of travestis, associated with transit activities between cities and places. I have identified evidence of these displacements between Brazilian cities and carried out fieldwork in three of them: São Carlos/SP, Campo Grande/MS e Franca/SP. The ethnographic study helped broaden the understanding and notion of displacement to better understand the displaced dynamics of experiences where mobility, relations and the travestis’ production of the body-gender occur, not as the motivation for the displacements, but in the midst of them.
Distinções entre ‘poner’ e ‘pôr’ em “Como agua para chocolate”, de Laura Esquivel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Silveira, Isabela de Jesus; Yokota, Rosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6326530651185599
Traducir una obra literaria a otra lengua es un hecho complejo, aún más cuando las dos lenguas son semejantes. La relación del español y del portugués brasileño está marcada por una “transparencia engañosa”, según Kulikowski; González (1999), y el proceso de traducción entre las dos lenguas involucra una reflexión y una investigación acerca de tal complejidad lingüística. A causa de eso, en este trabajo, hemos propuesto un estudio de los verbos poner y “pôr” a través de la comparación de la obra mexicana Como agua para chocolate (1989), de Laura Esquivel, con su traducción, hecha por Monica Maia, al portugués brasileño. Nos basamos en los usos de los verbos presentes en los diccionarios, artículos cuyos temas se relacionaban con los verbos em cuestión e investigaciones que trataban del proceso de traducción (AUBERT, 1998 e SILVA, 2015). Se hizo una cuantificación de los verbos poner y “pôr” en los dos textos literarios, en busca de los usos equivalentes y distintos para intentar comprender los significados por detrás de las elecciones de la autora en la obra original y también, por consecuencia, de la traductora, que es la persona responsable por crear un puente entre las dos lenguas y culturas. Como resultado, hicimos un relevamiento detallado de los usos de poner y “por” en la obra original y su traducción que podrá ser utilizado en investigaciones futuras. Verificamos una pluralidad de elecciones verbales hechas por la traductora que están más allá de nuestras las ideas iniciales de que había una traducción literal de los verbos a causa de sus significados en los diccionarios. Además, identificamos también usos específicos del verbo en español.
O papel indutor do PIBID na formação de professores reflexivos 2014-2016
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Silva, Lais Fernanda da; Souza, Ana Paula Gestoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662760426985944; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030517985450656
This dissertation is linked to the Education of Teachers and Other Educational Agents research group of the Post-Graduate Program in Education - Master and Doctorate - from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The general objective of the research was to analyze the contributions and limits of Pibid in the formation of reflective teachers, pibidians of Pedagogy between 2014 and 2016, years with the largest grant of scholarships from different Higher Education Institutions in Brazil. The specific objectives sought to identify, from the perspective of the graduates, the contributions and limits of Pibid in teacher education, to understand whether Pibid has been configured in a space for reflection on teaching practice and how it is done, in addition to analyzing which aspects / elements of Pibid can be configured in tools that enhance participants' learning and how they can promote the development of a willingness for reflection, following a qualitative approach of the descriptive-interpretative type. Data collection was performed through the application of a questionnaire and five interviews with a semi-structured script, in order to find out who the Brazilian pibidians are and whether Pibid was a space for reflective training. The results show that Pibid is an important program for initial teacher education and that through professional insertion, as well as through different training practices, it provided several contributions in initial teacher education such as: the possibility of articulation between theory and practice; maintaining the student's permanence in graduation; the possibility of dedicating oneself only to studies; participation in scientific events; promoting the reduction of the “reality shock”; the possibility of learning from living in the school routine and the reframing of the profession. The limits listed by the pibidians, however, were the low value of the scholarship, the distance between the program coordinator and supervisor, the low scope of Pibid and the few moments of reflection. Despite the limits, all Pedagogy pibidians (2014-2016), considered Pibid as a fundamental element in their education, and many showed that Pibid was a program that provided moments of reflection on their practices, so we consider that Pibid collaborates grandly for the formation of reflective teachers in Brazil.
Modelagem de um hidrante de coluna no EPANET com vistas a determinação da vazão disponível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Aráujo, Adriane Menezes Costa; Kellner, Erich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9349327650680697
Based on the perception of the risk that the daily handling of fire can cause fires in buildings, shops, schools, public and historical heritage, it is necessary to improve the current conditions to contain it. Firefighting is carried out using a large amount of water that needs to be available at a distance and under conditions adequate to enable the service of the Fire Department to be efficient. It is in this scenario that the hydrant flow is so important as an object of study. That This work is justified by suggesting the development of a simulation technique computational, based on field measurements that allow the simulation of the opening of a hydrant in a distribution network using the EPANET software, which does not allow direct consideration of accessories. Thus, the objective was to obtain the available flow in the water supply system, as well as determining the discharge coefficient for short tubes, measure the flow in the field and propose an adjustment of the coefficient of hydrant discharge considering the pressure and flow measured in the field. As for methodology was based on the development of a model in EPANET that enabled determine a theoretical discharge coefficient for use in short tubes, making the considerations of actual effects by considering the head loss coefficient (K). As well as, the survey in the field with pressure measurements next to the water distribution in order to determine the flow, determination of the flow through of a theoretical formulation by measuring the hydrant water jet and subsequently, an adjustment of the theoretical model was carried out in EPANET. With the construction of the model computational, it can be concluded that the emission coefficient (CE) is influenced proportionally across the transverse area of the outlet nozzle, moreover, for higher values or equal to 3000 L.s-1.m-0.5, resulted in a stable flow and it was observed that it can be used in discharge branches with DN equal to or less than DN200. For the proposal of hydrant column modeling, using VRP (fictitious) the results were shown satisfactory and consistent with the flow values provided by the fire department, considering the nozzle diameter of 63.5mm and the pressure loss coefficient (K) - Loss Coeff, 1.55. Because the data comes from tabulated data interpolation, these must be viewed with caution, as there is no knowledge about the origin of the values taken in the table.
Otimização in silico da produção de xilitol por Saccharomyces cerevisiae a partir de material hemicelulósico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Silva, Ariane Swelen Dalsico; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8643156213388154
Lignocellulosic materials comprise solid urban, industrial, agricultural and wood residues that are the target of several researches with the objective of producing several products with higher added value. Its composition contains a hemicellulosic fraction that when undergoing a pre-treatment generates fermentable sugars such as D-xylose which, by the action of a microorganism, can be converted into xylitol. In turn, xylitol is a polyalcohol with applications in the food and beverage industry, in medicine and dentistry, and obtaining it biochemically is still a challenge. Among the microorganisms capable of producing xylitol, yeasts from the strains of the genera Candida, Pichia and Saccharomyces are some of the most studied. Thus, in this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate in silico, using some optimization methods available in the opensource software OptFlux, the genetic modifications with the potential to increase the production of xylitol from hemicellulosic material in the metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has a favorable database and is already used industrially to obtain ethanol. The highest production of xylitol was 11.96 mmol/gDCW/h obtained with only 5 changes in the metabolic model of yeast, of which four reactions present in the Glycolysis pathway were deleted and one reaction present in the Pentose and Glucuronate interconversions pathway, which contains the target metabolite xylitol, was under-expressed.
Aplicabilidade clínica da técnica CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) no tratamento da anemia falciforme: uma revisão integrativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Mataveia, Elly Raquelina Flor; Melo, Débora Gusmão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2359332416499107
Introduction and objective: Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy in humans and has a high morbidity and mortality rates. It is caused by a point mutation, an A-T substitution (GAG→GTG) in the first exon of the β-globin gene, which determines the replacement of glutamate for valine at position 6 of the protein chain, giving rise to a structural variant of hemoglobin (HbS), causing, under hypoxia conditions, erythrocytes to acquire a sickle shape compromising the efficient oxygen transport. The treatments widely available at the moment only ease the complications of the disease. In this context, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which allows gene editing directly into DNA, appears as a solution that allows the mutation to be corrected and/or improve fetal hemoglobin expression. This systematic integrative review aimed to answer the following question: what is the clinical applicability of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the treatment of sickle cell disease? Methodology: Theoretical or empirical studies, primary or secondary, developed with qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodology, published until November 15th 2020, in English, which portrays the theme related to this review were selected. The research was carried out in three databases based on descriptors chosen by the “Medical Subject Headings”. Results: Initially, 79 primary studies were identified. With the exclusion of repeated articles in different databases, 75 studies remained, which were evaluated based on their titles and abstracts, and 28 articles were then selected. These 28 articles were read in full and 10 articles were excluded. Thus, 18 articles were selected at the end of this review. No clinical studies have been identified. It is observed that 12 articles are narrative reviews of in vitro or preclinical studies that discuss the clinical applicability; 4 studies are qualitative or descriptive studies about the theme; and 2 studies are opinion articles. The selected studies showed that in vivo (in animal models) and in vitro, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology is able to correct the mutation that causes sickle cell disease and/or increase the levels of fetal hemoglobin expression. However, in vivo, the challenges are to avoid toxicity, off-target effects and ensure the efficiency of the transplant. Patients, family members, researchers and health professionals are predisposed to participate in clinical trials involving CRISPR-Cas9, but do not have enough knowledge about the subject. Conclusions: The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has great potential for clinical use in the treatment of sickle cell disease. It is necessary to educate the population about the fundamentals of gene editing, thus facilitating its acceptance and availability in regard to clinical trials. An additional concern is the ethical regularization of the use of this technology in human beings.
Empatia em camundongos: avaliação do papel da amígdala e córtex cingulado anterior na modulação da ansiedade induzida pelo convívio com parceiro submetido a um modelo de estresse crônico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Silveira, Lara Maria; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0200311061042334
Empathy is the ability to recognize the other's emotional state, being fundamental to social interaction and survival of the species. The study of empathy in rodents can be carried out using models that assess anxiety responses promoted by cohabitation with a chronic stress partner. Evidence has shown the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) involvement in anxiety-like behaviors and empathy. The present study investigated the role of the amygdala and the ACC in anxiety induced by living with a conspecific subjected to chronic restraint stress. Male Swiss mice were housed in pairs and lived for 28 days. On the 15th day, they were divided into two groups: stress and control. The stress group consisted of the stress and stress observer subjects (they shared the same housing box), being that the stress subject underwent stress sessions in the tube for 14 days for 1 hour in the presence of their partner living. The control group was presented by the control and observer control subjects (housed in the same housing box); none of the animals experienced stress. In the 29th day, in experiment 1, the stress observer and control observer subjects were submitted to the immunofluorescence protocol to verify neuronal activation by quantifying of FosB protein in the amygdala and ACC. In experiment 2, on the 24th day, the stress observer and control observer subjects underwent stereotaxic surgery to implant guide cannulas in the amygdala and ACC. On the 29th day, the animals received intra-amygdala or intra-ACC injection of saline or CoCl2 and, after 5 minutes, were evaluated in the elevated plus maze (EPM). The results revealed that living with conspecific in restraint stress did not alter the expression of positive cells for the Fos B protein in the amygdala; however, it promoted a decrease in FosB quantification in the ACC compared to animals that lived with control. Living with a pair in chronic stress led to a reduction in the percentage of entries (%OAE) and time spent in the open arms (% OAT), without changing the entries in the closed arms (CAE) of the EPM, in addition to the increase in% SAP (stretched attend posture) protected and the percentage of protected head-dipping. Amygdala inactivation with CoCl2 did not change %OAE, %OAT, and CAE. In contrast, the inactivation of ACC with CoCl2 displayed an increase in %OAE and %OAT, without altering CAE. Also, there was a decrease in protected head-dipping in animals that lived with a pair in chronic stress. Our results suggest that living with a pair submitted to chronic restraint stress raised increased responses related to anxiety in mice exposed to EPM. Amygdala inactivation was not able to mitigate the anxiety induced by living together; however, the inactivation of the ACC attenuated the anxiety like-behavior. These results are suggestive that ACC plays a significant role in anxiety induced by living with a pair subjected to chronic stress.
Ferramentas de avaliação de ciclo de vida integradas a plataformas BIM: estudo de caso de edificação unifamiliar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-12-18) Llave, Matheus Castillo; Bueno, Cristiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4017127759051874
In the search for environmental management methods that can mitigate the significant impact of building construction, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is found. The integration of LCA software to Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been showing promising results regarding the possibilities of building sustainability enhancement, mainly in the early stages. This project aimed to evaluate the potentialities and limitations of LCA tools integrated to BIM platforms, through a comparison of the results of an LCA elaborated using the traditional method and LCA software results. Findings indicated advantages in the execution of LCAs through BIM-integrated software, regarding time consumed and complexity of the process. Limitations found, however, showed that the impact categories’ results are not representative, given the restrictions related to scope, database and methodology customization. New developments are necessary to allow the adaptation of methods to different situations, reducing the specificity of the data and calculations used.