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Limites e potencialidades da utilização de técnicas compensatórias no manejo de águas pluviais em áreas já urbanizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Lopes, Bruna Lamorea Veiga; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9371809832575049
With the growth of urban areas, the problems are result of waterproofing in the soil aggravated by the use of drainage techniques that do not adequately deal with issue. The called Compensatory Techniques (CT) appeared as an alternative to bring the cycleof urban rainwater closer to normal cycles. However, the use of CT is often associated with situations in which urbanization will still be carried out, disregaring previously occupied areas. In this sense, the objetive os this work was to evaluate the limits and potentialities of the application of CT in already urbanized areas. For this, variables were identified in the literature that should be considered for the choice and implementation of CT. New variables specifically related to already urbanized areas was added and the final systematization results in a set that can be used in this type of area. The set of variables was applied in differents urbanization situations in the microbasin of Strem of Servidão, in Araraquara-SP, in the order to assess the conditions of employment of CT. To have an order of magnitude of the effects of the CT, the pre-dimensioning of some alternatives was also done. The results indicated that the variables used can contribute to better define the use of CT in already urbanized areas, with consideration of some additional concerns, but with potential for application, which can be enhanced by the combination of different techniques. This, it was observed that there a potential for application, especially for mal-sized CT, and better results can be obtained with the combination o diferente techniques.
Expressões das violências de gênero no cotidiano de terapeutas ocupacionais no campo da saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Farias, Aline Zacchi; Ferigato, Sabrina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2704188078319200
The patriarchal social structure produces modes of subjectivation that reduce women's possibilities of choice and sustain individual and collective violence in everyday life. This research starts from the Keleman idea of “bodies/experiences”, as a vital motion to exist, comprising the Occupational Therapy-body, a predominantly female profession, to portray the gender violence experienced by occupational therapists. The objective was to understand the perceptions of women occupational therapists, working in health services, about gender violence in their everyday lives, utilizing the methodological framework of cartography and theoretical assumptions from feminist epistemologies. Sixty-seven responses from occupational therapists were analyzed among 1018 respondents to a remote questionnaire produced by the Adelaides collective in a research on experiences of gender violence in Brazil experienced by women in the field of Public Health. The questionnaire was organized in five sections (socioeconomic data; professional and academic experience; social engagement and political activism; experiences involving sexism and violence; maternity) with narrative and multiple choice questions. Numerical data were analyzed using simple statistics and qualitative data using the analytical technique of translating the narratives, which involves the analysis of what can be commonly perceived in a set of signs, symbols, practices, and processes situated in the experiences. The results indicate that 91% of the participants suffered some violence for being a woman in their home, study, work and/or public environments. The coping strategies used were organized into five actions: training, researching, politicizing, disrupting and caring. We conclude that everyday life presents itself as a potential means of expressions, visible or invisible, of human action, whether violent or denunciation actions, assuming aspects of reproduction or transformation of established relationships, such as those embedded in the culture of violence to which women are submitted.
Obtenção de compostos bioativos de Cambuí Roxo (Eugenia candolleana) por diferentes métodos de extração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Freitas, Vitória de Cassia Maurino; Prado, Juliana Martin do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2780365724645818; Mello, Beatriz Camargo Barros de Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0561319136884757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0699411070609303
Due to the vast wealth of fauna and flora in the country, Brazil has a wide variety of natural products. However, this collection is poorly studied, ignoring the benefits of several species. Based on this concern, studies of bioactive compounds in vegetables are of great importance and show a promising trend in the development of new products. Among the varied Brazilian native plant species that have been little studied, there is the rainforest plum (Eugenia candolleana). The fruit has great potential for compounds of interest, in addition to having a high vitamin C content, and it’s industrial interest is notable. The methodologies of extraction by hydrodistillation, ultrasound assisted extraction, Soxhlet, percolation and agitation were applied in the course of 120 min, using ethanol as solvent.. In the hydrodistillation method, satisfactory results were not obtained, while extraction via Soxhlet resulted in a higher yield (66%). Due to the differences observed in each analysis, the best extraction method will depend on your final objective: higher yield (hot extraction); or higher concentration of phenolic compounds (Soxhlet and consolidated).
Committee of NAS-based models
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Sette, Bruno Silva; Silva, Diego Furtado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9342792525603106
Network Architecture Search (NAS) has achieved great results and generated models comparable with humans’ classifications. Automating the definition of a neural architecture reduces the need for expert work efforts and mitigates human bias from architecture design. NAS techniques usually consist of an algorithm to search for the best architecture in a predetermined space of parameters or functions. Due to the number of deep neural architectures parameters, this search space includes millions of combinations, making NAS a cost procedure and may lead the search to overfit the training set. To reduce NAS search spaces’ complexity and still obtain competitive results, we propose CoNAS, a committee of NAS-based models, by restricting the search spaces to perform Differentiable ARchiTecture Search (DARTS). Our results point to improved accuracy over DARTS on two experimental scenarios: raining from scratch and using a transfer learning approach.
Desenvolvimento profissional docente de professoras experientes em formação contínua na ReAD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Pereira, Amarildo Gomes; Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4580171553413049
This research, which focus on teacher professional development, aimed to investigate how experienced teachers understand their professional development and also in which ways they invest in continuous training; also, sought to analyze how they perceive ReAD (“Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência” in Brazilian Portuguese, which means Teaching, Learning and Development Network) as a training space. It was carried out in the context of continuous training developed by ReAD, which actions are performed on the Moodle Platform, via the UFSCar Teachers' Portal. For the data collection process, we used the activities carried out by four experienced teachers during the modules developed in the 2nd semester of 2017 and 1st and 2nd semesters of 2018. The research is based on the qualitative approach that contributes to investigating the phenomena considering all their complexity and context; that makes it possible to understand the events from the perspective of the participating subjects. The instruments for data production and treatment were the narratives produced by the participants during the accomplishment of activities at ReAD and the narratives produced through interviews, here called as narrative interviews. The data were organized and treated by reading and coding all the material with the methodological support of Content Analysis proposed by Bardin (2009). Therefore, four groups of analysis categories were established, and from them, subcategories were created, interpreted and analyzed based on a theoretical framework presented in chapters, 1, 2 and 3. The analyzes indicate that the experienced teachers assume their professional development as a continuous process and that the intertwining between teaching and continuous training is essential for teaching and promoting the learning and development of all students. It also points out that training developed at ReAD contributed to the acquisition of new learning and knowledge and also to their personal and professional development by instigating teachers and students to discuss and reflect on the constitution of teaching and on the teaching process and its implications. The research reaffirmed the importance of online intergenerational dialogue for professionals who are at different times in the teaching career to share studies, experiences, dilemmas, difficulties and knowledge, contributing to the development of individual and collective reflections, resulting in new learning for all. It brought evidence that the working conditions impact the teacher's performance, the development of activities and the participation in discussions in the forums, which requires trainers to find strategies that suit the multiple realities and needs of the participants. In view of these results, the study indicates that the implementation of training activities considers the realities and needs of teachers, the impossibility of separating the personal and professional dimensions and the implications that work has on the personal / family life of teachers.
Dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry: desenvolvimento, validação e reprodutibilidade de recomendações técnicas para osteoartrite de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Araújo, Camila Marques de; Vasilceac, Fernando Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1220838672192063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9439699688134971
Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop, validate and make reproducible standardized anatomical regions of interest for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMO) of rat knee at different times of osteoarthritis (OA) by formulating a guide to recommendations techniques for using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methodology: 7 male winstar rats were used, divided into 2 groups entitled Osteoarthritis (OA) (n=6) and Test (T) (N=1). The OA group underwent transection of the anterior cruciate ligament for OA induction in the 14th week. The animals were anesthetized and scanned by DXA at the 14th, 19th and 24th weeks. After the scan, all images of the animals were analyzed using the software in specific and high-resolution small animal mode (resolution: 311 μm²) and anatomical regions of interest were made in the bones often associated with OA of the knee, femur and tibia. they were named Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia. In sequence, the technical recommendations guide was developed, validated and made reproducible, with norms and standardizations of the techniques for using the DXA, containing specific guidelines for the pre and post-test and preparation of regions of interest. The evaluators were divided into two groups with 2 members each, the evaluators were classified as experienced and inexperienced. Training was carried out to perform the positioning of the animal and selection of regions of interest for experienced and inexperienced evaluators. The evaluators carried out the proposed activities following the new recommendation guide made without any interference from the researcher using the group T mouse. Results: The validations of the regions of interest together with the formulation of technical recommendations formulated a valid and reliable basis for evaluating the BMD and CMO at different times of knee OA. Conclusion: The uses of the validated regions of interest and the recommendations guide make analyzes objective and less biased, increasing the efficiency of research standardization.
Sintomas psicopatológicos e situação laboral de profissionais de enfermagem do sudeste brasileiro no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Alves, Jheynny Sousa; Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2830490151580969
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and the work situation of nursing professionals in the southeastern region, Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is an observational and cross-sectional predictive study. The data were collected in the Southeast region of Brazil, digitally, during the period from April to June 2020. Nursing professionals were recruited through the snowball technique, the research instrument was made available on social networks (Facebook, WhatsApp) through a link with an invitation to participate in the research. The data collection instruments (questionnaires) could only be accessed if the participant agreed to participate voluntarily in the research. Namely, the instruments used were: questionnaire with sociodemographic and work information; Symptom Assessment Scale-40-R (SCL-40-R). The collected information was recorded in Excel spreadsheets. To perform the data analysis, the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), version 22, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (to verify the distribution of data) was used, to analyze the association of variables, the test was used Mann Whitney's U for binary variables, while for multiple variables, the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test was used. Results: 532 nursing professionals participated in the study. The average age was 37 years. Most participants are nurses. As for the association between the domains of the SCL-40-R scale and the participants' work data and social profile, an association was found between the following variables: age group and all domains of the scale; sex and the Psychoticism and Obsessiveness-compulsivity domains; weekly workload and the Psychotism domain; suffering from embarrassment and / or violence in the course of their work since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and all domains of the scale; receiving psychological / emotional support from the institution where you work / study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and all domains of the scale. Conclusion: The study revealed that the mental health of nursing professionals, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, should be investigated, as they are exposed to several factors that can cause mental illness. Thus, it is extremely important to carry out early psychological interventions with these professionals, with a view to ensuring their mental health. In addition, the creation of guidelines aimed at welcoming and monitoring professionals and the institutions' adherence to their psychological support, contributed to the increase of their psychological well-being, both in the period of the pandemic and in the period after it.
Mobilização precoce no cuidado intensivo: indicadores de qualidade após implementação de um programa multiprofissional, conhecimentos e práticas fisioterapêuticas no contexto pandêmico nacional e nova proposta de intervenção motora para pacientes comatosos críticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-28) Biazon, Thaís Marina Pires de Campos; Libardi, Cleiton Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277909577762827
The material of this thesis is composed of three studies that deal with a common theme, motor rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) applied through early mobilization (EM) as shown below. The EM was able to promote positive effects on intensive care quality indicators in economically developed countries where resources and other facilitators are more available. However, there is no evidence of these effects in countries of medium to low economic development. Therefore, the first study of this thesis was designed with the objective of investigating the effects of the multiprofessional implementation of EM on indicators of quality of intensive care in Brazil. EM results in a reduction of intensive care unit acquired atrophy (ICUAA) with benefits for the reduction of mortality. However, there is no information about this knowledge on the part of intensive care physiotherapists and on their clinical practices and barriers to motor therapies for reducing ICUAA in critically comatose patients with COVID-19 in Brazil. Thus, the second study of this thesis was developed aiming to investigate the knowledge and practices of intensive care physiotherapists and the barriers to such therapies in this type of patient. Finally, ICUAA and intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) are associated with high mortality, reduced physical function and quality of life. The blood flow restriction (BFR) method associated with passive mobilization (PM) (BFRp) was able to reduce ICUAA in comatose patients and BFR associated with the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to increase muscle mass in patients with spinal cord injury. Despite this, BFR can promote unknown repercussions on the cardiovascular system of critically comatose patients. Therefore, the third study of this thesis was proposed with the aim of describing a pilot study protocol for a randomized and controlled clinical trial that allows investigating the effect of BFRp and BFRp combined with NMES (BFRpE) on cardiovascular safety and applicability and on neuromuscular adaptations, physical function and quality of life of critically comatose patients. The results of these studies may contribute to the advancement of the practice of rehabilitation in intensive care, strengthening the evidence of motor rehabilitation as a health strategy, reducing conceptual barriers for the implementation of intensive rehabilitation in environments with few financial and material resources and, therefore, contribute to the call by the World Health Organization to improve global motor rehabilitation (Rehabilitation 2030: A Call for Action).