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A responsabilização do Estado e a destinação dos recursos do Fundo de Defesa de Direitos Difusos nas ações de reparação dos danos ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Zanquim Junior, José Wamberto
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Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7672611870413427
Anthropogenic actions impact the environment and restoration of damages is essential and inescapable. The in natura repair of environmental damage must always be sought after and, only as a last resource should it be reduced to monetary values. The Term of Commitment to Environmental Recovery aims at a consensual way to lay out the measures to repair the environment, forming an extrajudicial executive title. This reparation finds legal ground in the constitutional and infra-constitutional legislation, assigning solidarity to all offenders, direct or indirect. The Public Power will be jointly liable for damage to the environment. However, when held responsible for omission, will be in a secondary position of accountability. Portuguese international law and United States law provide that, for environmental damage in situations of irreparability, regardless of cause being the non-identification of offenders or failure to adopt sufficient measures for the return of the status quo, the Public Authorities may carry out reparative actions on the degraded environment, keeping the right of return. The situation favors the right to a balanced environment and maintenance of environmental quality over the use of public resources for the reparation. Therefore, the present thesis, in a complementary setup, proposes an amendment to the regulatory decree for the use of pecuniary resources obtained by the Fund for the Defense of Diffuse and Collective Rights regarding the expression “priority” provided for in the Sole Paragraphof art. 7 of Decree 1.306/1994 and its replacement by the expression “exclusively”. Thus, in the field of propositions for the effectiveness of repairs in natura, this thesis serves to suggest the adoption in domestic law, in accordance with international law, of the accountability of Public Power on adoption of environmental reparative actions, as well as suggest amending the infra-constitutional legislation, especially Decree n. 1306/1994 which regulates the use of resources from the FDD. For the scope of research, factual data was obtained from the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo - CETESB, regarding environmental administrative procedures in which TCRAs in the city of São Carlos - SP. The data is from years 2012 through 2016 and aims to verify effectiveness of the agreements on the degraded environment restoration. It was found that the TCRA was effective in most cases, however, there were degraded areas left without any repair action, justifying the proposal offered by this research. Likewise, the theoretical basis possible through bibliographic review allowed laying down the foundations and all the arguments surrounding the need to promote changes in domestic law for the feasibility of environmental repair in natura in accordance with international legislation. To this end, this research found its guidelines in books, periodicals, scientific articles, theses and dissertations, environmental diagnosis reports and in environmental administrative procedures, making use of the synergistic combination between theoretical elements and factual data extracted from the experienced reality. It can be concluded the environmental agreements are effective and there is need for new instruments for effective environmental repair.
O negócio das chacinas: sentidos de justiça, privatização da segurança e corrupção policial em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Silva, David Esmael Marques da
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292335363594754
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-7187
This doctoral study takes as its empirical focus the “chacina”— initially defined here as incidents of multiple homicide involving three or more victims within a single event—that occurred in Osasco and Barueri, municipalities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, on August 13, 2015, in which 19 homicides were committed in peripheral urban areas by groups of hooded individuals. Following investigation and judicial proceedings, the case resulted in the conviction of three military police officers and one municipal guard from Barueri. However, on appeal, a second jury trial was ordered, in which one military police officer and the municipal guard were acquitted. Through this case study, the thesis seeks to better understand what constitutes a “chacina”, in order to reflect on the reasons why police officers become involved in such crimes in São Paulo, as well as the competing conceptions of justice that surround these events. To this end, the research draws on information about the case, its investigation, and judicial processing as reported in the press, as well as on direct observation of stages of the judicial proceedings and part of the jury trial. It also incorporates quantitative data on “chacinas” and related phenomena in São Paulo and Brazil, in addition to interviews with representatives of institutions within the criminal justice system, including the Civil Police, Military Police, Public Defender’s Office, and Police Ombudsman’s Office in the state of São Paulo. The findings indicate that chacinas are mobilized within different grammars of social conflict in Brazil, particularly since the 1990s, with those perpetrated by police officers—whether on or off duty—constituting one identifiable type. Furthermore, although the Osasco and Barueri “chacina”, carried out by off-duty police officers, was initially interpreted as an act of revenge for the killing of a military police officer and a municipal guard in the same region days earlier, the analysis ultimately reveals conceptions of justice associated with the business of providing private security services by police officers to commercial establishments. In this sense, public and private logics become intertwined, as public agents act off duty in pursuit of personal profit. Finally, the thesis proposes a typology of “chacinas” in general, as well as a specific typology for those involving police officers.
Análise de degradação e durabilidade da argila para uso em taipa de pilão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Figueiredo, Pedro Luís Junqueira
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451104993866570
This work presents an updated bibliographic review on the use of constructive technique in rammed earth, an alternative to those techniques popularized in Brazil, commonly based on the use of concrete, reinforced concrete and, in an incipient moderate way, steel. The choice of alternative materials for construction must be understood by historical, sustainable and economic biases, all of which are related to the mechanical and physical behavior of the material used, its strength and durability. The viability of rammed earth as an alternative constructive technology was analyzed. In a complementary way, a single-family construction model will be developed on a BIM (Building Information Modeling) platform, from which data will be extracted in relation to the amount of materials needed for the execution of the project. Through Brazilian pricing tables (SINAPI, etc.) of direct and indirect costs in national civil construction, an economic analysis was developed that corroborated the choice of one material over the other.
Levantamento de hortaliças cultivadas em hortas domésticas no município de São Carlos e principais fitopatologias associadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Oliveira, Joanna Laura Massaia de
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Souza, Sarah Caroline Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5432408406468248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7244927832540041
Vegetables, also known as greens by population, has great importance in nourishment, and due to demand to bring the vegetable garden closer to the consumer, the urban agriculture movement emerged. These gardens take place in available spaces and with accessible materials, such as vases, tires and flowerbeds. This thesis carried out a survey through an online form of the main vegetables cultivated at home in São Carlos, as well as the main diseases and pests associated with them. we investigated the profile of the participants, as well as the main forms of cultivation, possible phytopathologies and methods of home treatment. In the 103 responses was found that the most home-grown vegetables are coriander, parsley and chives, the most observed diseases were of fungal origin and the most observed pest was the aphid. Although the at-home treatments used by the participants were vague for the problems, they were fully or moderately effective. From the results, a brief survey was carried out regarding home treatments for the pathologies and pests found by the participants. Based on the results found, a brief survey of home treatments was carried out for the pathologies found by the participants.
Avaliação de um programa de formação docente sobre inclusão escolar aliando ensino colaborativo e diferenciado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Santos, Keisyani da Silva
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9429520073186592
: Initially the basic premise of Special Education was that its target audience students would benefit from a unique body of knowledge that were intended for them if they studied in small classes and in separate environments, applying specific methodologies. Currently, evidence indicates that the success of school inclusion policies is more related to the changes that benefit all students, that is, universal pedagogical measures aimed at improving the quality of teaching. Two promising proposals evidenced in the literature stand out, because they favor the learning and participation of all students, are: coteaching as a service model that involves the partnership between teachers of common and special education working with the whole class; and, the differentiated teaching theoretical-practical reference for the organization of teaching from the recognition and valorization of diversity. In this context, from change of conception to teacher education is a fundamental element for dissemination of this knowledge and possible impact on the schooling of Special Needs Education. Thus, the present study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a teacher training program, in service, combining the proposals coteaching and differentiated teaching. Based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Collaborative Research, a program was planned, implemented and evaluated for 18 teachers, from a municipal education network in the interior of São Paulo, composing nine pairs of teachers (from common and special education), with the proposal of acting in partnership, in heterogeneous classes that contained at least one PAEE student, of early childhood education or in the early years of elementary school. The study was developed in three stages: I) Development of the Teacher Training Program; II) Implementation of the program, and III) Evaluation of the Program. Data collection took place in all the mentioned stages, held in a face-to-face environment, with monthly meetings in 2018, and in a virtual environment, with activities developed between face-to-face meetings. Data related to face-to-face meetings were collected and recorded through field journals, videos and artifacts produced during the activities by the pairs. The data collected in a virtual environment was recorded and archived in the virtual learning environment itself. The analysis of the collected material was based on the procedures of codification and categorization into thematic axes, having as reference the objectives of the study. The main results showed that there was conceptual evolution of the two proposals by the participants throughout the training, since at the end of the program they demonstrated theoretical appropriation basic concepts and assumptions. The practical activities of: evaluating students, planning and executing classes, incorporating co-teaching and differentiated teaching enabled articulation with theory. The objective of experiencing the proposals of co-teaching and differentiated teaching, together, was achieved only by some pairs, who had more favorable working conditions for their development, especially compatibility of schedule for planning and execution of classes and support of the coordination of the school unit. The pairs that did not have these conditions partially exercised the proposals or did not experience them. In the evaluation of the program, by the participants, the content was considered relevant and feasible for application in the classroom, the other issues were evaluated satisfactorily. The experiences analyzed contribute to the reflection of effective pedagogical practices that contemplate the diversity of students in daily school life and for teacher education. Finally, it is considered that the proposals of co-teaching and differentiated teaching, although independent complement each other, can enhance each other. The program showed potential for theoretical and practical training for teachers.
Bandas de predição usando densidade condicional estimada e um modelo LDA com covariáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Shimizu, Gilson Yuuji
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Izbicki, Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7533681983634233
Machine learning methods are divided into two main groups: supervised and unsupervised methods. In the first part of this work, we develop a method for creating prediction bands that can be applied to supervised problems. Our approach is based on conformal methods, which are very appealing because they create prediction bands that control average coverage assuming solely i.i.d. data. It is also often desirable to control conditional coverage, that is, coverage for every new testing point. However, without strong assumptions, conditional coverage is unachievable. Given this limitation, the literature has focused on methods with asymptotical conditional coverage. In order to obtain this property, these methods require strong conditions on the dependence between the target variable and the features. We introduce two conformal methods based on conditional density estimators that do not depend on this type of assumption to obtain asymptotic conditional coverage: Dist-split and CD-split. While Dist-split asymptotically obtains optimal intervals, which are easier to interpret than general regions, CD-split obtains optimal size regions, which are smaller than intervals. CD-split also obtains local coverage by creating prediction bands locally on a partition of the features space. This partition is data-driven and scales to high-dimensional settings. In a wide variety of simulated scenarios, our methods have a better control of conditional coverage and have smaller length than previously proposed methods. In the second part, in a context of unsupervised methods, we develop a new version of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. The LDA model is a popular method for creating mixed-membership clusters. Despite having been originally developed for text analysis, LDA has been used for a wide range of other applications. We propose a new formulation for the LDA model which incorporates covariates. In this model, a negative binomial regression is embedded within LDA, enabling straight-forward interpretation of the regression coefficients and the analysis of the quantity of cluster-specific elements in each sampling units (instead of the analysis being focused on modeling the proportion of each cluster, as in Structural Topic Models). We use slice sampling within a Gibbs sampling algorithm to estimate model parameters. We rely on simulations to show how our algorithm is able to successfully retrieve the true parameter values. The model is illustrated using real data sets from three different areas: text-mining of Coronavirus articles, analysis of grocery shopping baskets, and ecology of tree species on Barro Colorado Island (Panama). This model allows the identification of mixed-membership clusters in discrete data and provides inference on the relationship between covariates and the abundance of these clusters.
Comissões Estaduais da Verdade: uma análise comparada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Ferrari, Bruna
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Ribeiro, Pedro José Floriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5614895542513659
This research aims to employ a comparative analysis of the process of creation, institutionalization and concrete results of the state truth commissions of São Paulo “Rubens Paiva” (CEV-SP) and Rio de Janeiro (CEV-Rio). The research proposes an analysis based on a historical institutionalist perspective and assesses how deputies, CEV members and members of other public institutions made use of available institutional mechanisms to pressure veto-players and guarantee access to resources and autonomy of both commissions. This research also evaluates the impact of these commissions in each state, measuring the CEVs actions towards concrete results, the relationship between their recommendations, the legislative production in ALESP and ALERJ from 2015-2019, and the assessment of people targeted by the military dictatorship of the work of the commissions. The results show that members from each commission employed different strategies: while CEV-Rio sought to establish alliances of partner institutions, CEV-SP based its work on the support of social movements. This difference in approach led to different results. This research seeks to build on the commissions’ institutionalist approaches and defends the importance of the CEVs for the understanding of the modus operandi of the CNV, as well as the innovations promoted in the transitional justice model adopted in Brazil.
O bullying sob a ótica da teoria freudiana da cultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-18)
Carvalho, Sophia da Rosa
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Maniakas, Georgina Carolina Oliveira Faneco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1207794266426572
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8299259969141660
Bullying is a current phenomenon mainly inserted in the school sphere, marked by repeated aggression and no obvious motivation. It appears in the form of physical, psychological, moral or patrimonial violence. There are several actors within the dynamics of bullying, including aggressors, victims and spectators of violence. These figures were analyzed through the Freudian theory of Mass Psychology, in which the members are linked to the identification components between the mass-leader set. The mass exposed in an unstable, violent and highly suggestible way, can seek its formation based on the specification of a common factor that links the members to the leader and, in this sense, the victim of bullying is supposed to be the target. As for the victim, what is speculated is a melancholy characteristic that makes them susceptible to the role of victimization. The current qualitative-based work aimed to expose the phenomenon of bullying - based on 10 articles on the topic, published on online news platforms, from June to December 2019 and relate it to the Freudian theory of culture, in addition to verifying the possibility of establishing a relationship between the dynamics of bullying and the psychological formation of the mass. For this, content was collected from 4 online news platforms, with the keyword “bullying” and following the criteria: a) bullying as the central theme of the text; b) target audience of the text: children and adolescents in school condition or not; c) detailed and contextualized report of the bullying suffered. Added to these materials, the literature used as a reference for understanding the phenomenon of bullying included Freud's works on culture and texts by contemporary authors in the field of Education. The analysis of the data from the collection was carried out from the content analysis and as a result three thematic categories were created: a) context/troubled situation prior to bullying; b) consequences of bullying, both for aggressors, victims or spectators and c) presence of direct and indirect spectators of the phenomenon. The presence of bullying is discussed in parallel to a social and collective sphere, where the formation of children and adolescents is governed by narcissism and marked by emotional maladjustments, inciting the development of perverse aggressors, passive victims and bystanders who are condescending to violence. The presence of a structure similar to the psychological mass was confirmed, containing perverse traits and identification mechanisms, in addition to the assumption that victims with markedly melancholic characteristics are susceptible to the passivity of the phenomenon. Finally, the figure of the spectator in anti-bullying interventions was discussed, as a collaborator to the school community and engaged in firm and non-permissive attitudes towards the phenomenon.
Degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de lixiviados de macrófitas aquáticas em função da temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-18)
Silva, Roberta Mafra Freitas da
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8913921009282499
Aquatic macrophytes are extremely important organisms for the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems. Among the functions performed by aquatic plants is the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. These elements are released into the environment mainly during the mineralization of aquatic macrophytes. The form most available and readily assimilated by microbial communities is the dissolved fraction). The objectives of the current study were to analyze the effects of temperature increase (4 ° C) on dissolved oxygen consumption and carbon decay of leachates from aquatic macrophytes Myriophyllum aquaticum, Hedychium coronarium, Salvinia auriculata and Chara sp. the effect of temperature increase and dissolved oxygen availability (comparing anaerobic and aerobic systems) on the following parameters: organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total polyphenols, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, E4/E6 (for determination of the quality of organic matter), secondary production, pH and conductivity. First-order kinetic models were used, using a non-linear method to determine the maximum consumption of dissolved oxygen and carbon decay over 90 days. The results demonstrate that the increase in temperature potentialized the consumption of dissolved oxygen, but the same did not occur for carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Carbon decay and secondary propagation propagation difference for dissolved oxygen availability (p < 0.05). However, temperature had no influence on this parameter (p> 0.05). For both bioassays, the leachate types dissipated difference (p < 0.05). Dissipated oxygen availability and dissipated temperature for parameters total nitrogen, total phosphorus, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities, total polyphenols and E4/E6 ratio.
Os efeitos de ações formativas nas interações mediadas pela comunicação alternativa por alunos com Tea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-18)
Reis, Henrique de Candia
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Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1225346739608914
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) aims to expand the communicative possibilities of people with complex communication needs, in which their abilities to dialogue and to make themselves understood are impaired. Requiring visual and/or gestural graphic resources that complement or replace compromised or absent oral language. Alternative communication has, above all, the need for competent and proactive interlocutors with attitudinal accessibility (regarding the perception of the other and free from prejudices, stigmas, stereotypes and discrimination) so that there is a real interest in the communicative development of the person who does not have functional speech, going much further, therefore, of the only recursive approach in relation to its users. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), according to the DSM-V, is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by socio-communicative impairments and the presence of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. The new definition emphasizes the correlation between deficits in social skills and communication deficits. The present study identify how the interactions between a non-verbal student with ASD and his teachers occurred in the school and verify if the offer of his AAC resource, with direct instructions to both, regent and support teachers, could contribute to the advancement of participation in the school context.The type AB study took place in an elementary school in the city of Ribeirão Preto - SP. Participants in the Baseline and Intervention were: a 10-year-old student with ASD and user of the Alternative Communication Program PECS-Adapted, at the beginning of phase 4 in this program. And his four teachers from regular school. The frequencies of student/teacher communicative interactions were collected during 21 minutes of daily observations during regular classes of the participating teachers with the participating student present. The communicative interactions that occurred without the Alternative Communication resource were observed and, from the fifth observation session, the student's Alternative Communication resource was inserted. The resource used in the intervention followed Incidental Teaching strategies to take advantage of natural communicative situations during the observed contexts and that provided direct engagement of the student and the participating teachers with the CAA. It was desired with this, to provide a strategy of Continuing Education to teachers on the benefits of AAC. The results showed a decrease in conduct disorders associated with the student and positive behavioral changes by teachers as interlocutors after the intervention with Alternative Communication. Thus, the study can contribute as an account of strategies that can strengthen the performance of teachers involved in the schooling of students with ASD and enrich the inclusive experience in this context.
Socioeconomic impacts of university-industry collaborations
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-19)
Lima, João Cardim Ferreira
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6220950718233839
University-industry collaborations create socioeconomic impacts for the areas where they are undertaken. Although these collaborations have recognized the importance and a high potential to generate economic and social benefits, there is no consensus in the literature on a consolidated conceptual model for assessing their socioeconomic impacts. Given this context, this thesis aims to build a model to assess the direct socioeconomic impacts of university-industry collaborations and evaluate the Brazilian large firms. The research method was: a systematic literature review of 94 studies on the socioeconomic impacts realized using a Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outputs (CIMO) configuration, a scale (questionnaire) was developed to measure the impacts sent to the companies in the "Ranking - 1500 Empresas + Estadão” of the 1,500 largest companies in Brazil organized by Fundação Instituto de Administração (FIA) and Austin Consulting. 210 complete and valid responses by innovation managers from companies that carry out formal collaborations with universities were collected. Multivariate data analysis was performed to simplify the model (factorial analysis) and identify the relational structure of the variables (canonical correlation). A socioeconomic impact model was built for large Brazilian companies, with impacts categorized as: Financial Benefits, Technological Innovation, Social and Community, and External Resource Management with 21 variables. There is a positive correlation between Technological Innovation and Financial Benefits: the “launch of new products” correlates with: “increase in sales” (approx. 0.659), “increase in exportations” (approx. 0.549), increase in “commercial value and corporate/ shareholder” (approx. 0.550), “revenue increase” (approx. 0.563) and “profit increase” (approx. 0.536). The “increase in sales” is also positively correlated with the “commercialization of new technologies” (approx. 0.617) and with the “development of new products, processes and services” (approx. 0.534). There is also a positive correlation between Social and Community, and External Resource Management: the "qualification of the professional workforce" is correlated with "the creation of new high-tech jobs", and between Social and Community, and Financial Benefits, “job creation” is positively correlated with “commercial and corporate shareholder value” (approx. 0.556). From a theoretical point of view, this work contributes to the structuring of a conceptual model for evaluating the socioeconomic impacts of university-industry collaborations. In addition, the results bring contributions to the management of each actor in the triple helix. These can be used to guide companies on how to measure the socioeconomic benefits of each partnership, instructing public agents in evaluating the results of investments made, and contributing to information on innovation policies and technology management.
Regiões Metropolitanas enquanto estratégia de promoção de um federalismo cooperativo no Brasil: potencial e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-20)
Boemi, Rafael Augusto Maricato
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Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869018482093008
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1130740012805206
This work understands that the institutional arrangement of metropolitan regions is configured as a strategy to promote cooperative practices among federal entities that make up Brazilian federalism with regard to the management of functions of common interest. It seeks to understand the potential and limits of this institutional arrangement as a territorial collectivity for municipalities that chose to invest in cooperative relationships to solve shared social ills.
A influência dos capitais na trajetória dos empreendedores de startups de tecnologia no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-20)
Freire, Clarissa Dourado
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Sacomano Neto, Mário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2394762081205933
Several studies highlight the positive contribution of entrepreneurship to economic and social development, given the relevance of the subject it is possible to observe the growth of studies about entrepreneurship, especially from the 1990s with the advent of technology startups. One of the main questions is to understand how an individual becomes an entrepreneur, despite the diversity of studies in different fields of knowledge, there is a predominance of mainstream economics, in which there is an idealization of the entrepreneur as an actor endowed with unique characteristics, who acts autonomously, disregarding the social context. This paper seeks to offer an alternative to this paradigm and propose an expansion in the analysis of the variables that make an individual an entrepreneur, using Pierre Bourdieu's perspective of capitals as a theoretical lens. The objective of this work is to analyze how entrepreneurs mobilize and convert capitals along their trajectories and what is the importance of these capitals for the foundation and development of technology startups. To this end we divided the work into three stages, the first stage consists of a Systematic Literature Review (RSL), with the objective of understanding how the capitals perspective has been employed in the study of entrepreneurship and to know the entrepreneur, identify the categories of capitals and identify possible research gaps. After the RSL, with the identification of the categories of capitals, we have the second stage, of qualitative nature, built through five case studies with entrepreneurs of technology startups, in which we seek to analyze how the capitals are mobilized and converted along the trajectory of entrepreneurs, giving rise to the circularity of capitals, as well as to analyze the importance of these capitals for the foundation and development of startups. The third and last stage, of a quantitative nature, was built from a survey with 192 questionnaires applied to entrepreneurs of technology startups and the use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis, in which we sought to perform a descriptive analysis of the entrepreneurs, to identify the capitals mobilized and converted throughout their trajectories, as well as to understand if the social space of the entrepreneurs facilitates the access to capitals and resources employed in the foundation and development of the startups, legitimating the position of the entrepreneurs in the social space. The results indicate that there is a search for alternatives to the dominant perspectives for the study of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneur, and Bourdieu's perspective emerges as a possibility, being employed in this work. Entrepreneurs mobilize economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital, which are converted and reconverted in a dynamic process we call the circularity of capitals. This set of capitals and this process gives rise to the entrepreneurial capital, which results from the use of these capitals in the foundation and development of startups. Therefore, access to these capitals is fundamental to the entrepreneurial action of startup founders, but they are not homogeneously distributed in the social space. Our research highlights on this discussion and proposes to be an instrument for public policies that facilitate access and dissemination of these capitals.
Planejamento urbano e segregação socioespacial: estudo sobre os efeitos do processo de expansão de condomínios fechados na produção do espaço urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-20)
Silva, Bruno das Mercês
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Burgos, Rosalina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0430255108623706
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Martines, Marcos Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5317839291904450
It’s usual in brazillian’s large and medium cities the existence of a narrow relation between the production of the urban space and the planning policies. In this context, gated communities arise and get associated to the expansion of the urban space, which produce significant effects in the geographic space. This research aimed to analyze the consequences of the process of expansion of gated communities in the urban space, focusing on the effects related to the access to green areas and leisure spaces. In order to make it, starting by the theoric effort, this research proceed to a comparative study between two sub-areas that belong to the same “census” sector: a gated community whose name is Bosque Ipanema, and a suburbia whose name is Jardim Botucatu, both located in Sorocaba/ SP. Photointerpretation was used, combined to other associated methodologies, in order to produce and analyze the data. The results pointed to the existence of socio-spatial segregation related to the structure differences observed between the sub-areas, segregation that express itself especially on the access to the green areas leisure spaces.
Estratégias de operações e práticas lean-green: um estudo de casos múltiplos em empresas do setor automotivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Queiroz, Geandra Alves
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
The reduction of environmental impacts has increasingly been treated as a factor of competitive advantage by organizations. This reflects directly on the operational strategies of companies, making it necessary to include environmental performance as one of their competitive priorities. The integration of Lean Manufacturing and Green Manufacturing approaches has been pointed out as a key to improving the competitiveness of organizations because it is a way to equate the environmental priority with other competitive priorities. However, there are still no scientific articles that address all the content of operations strategy (competitive priorities and decision areas) when Lean and Green practices are implemented. In this context, the first step of this study consisted in conducting a systematic literature review presenting some of the main relationships between Lean and Green and the content of operations strategy and highlighting the occurrence of synergies or trade-offs between competitive priorities as well as changes in decision areas when Lean and Green practices are implemented. The results of this study pointed out that Lean and Green integration can promote synergies between competitive priorities, but it can also promote trade-offs between some competitive priorities, with the trade-off between cost and environment priorities being the most frequently mentioned. Furthermore, Lean is pointed out as a basis for the management of production systems, and green practices are generally used as a complement and to support the inclusion of the environment as a competitive priority. The second stage of this research was to conduct case studies in six companies in the automotive sector that implement Lean and Green practices, with the purpose of identifying the contents of their operations strategies. The results indicated that the companies attribute different levels of importance to the priority environment and have different levels of Lean and Green. In general, the companies consider that the Lean-Green approach generates synergies between priorities, with the trade-off between cost and environment being the only one addressed in the cases. It was confirmed that Lean can contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts reduction, especially regarding to resource consumption. Moreover, it was found that the companies that prioritize the environment more in their actions presented more changes in the decision areas. The crossing of the theoretical results with the empirical results allowed us to reinforce the theoretical propositions stated in this thesis. All the propositions formulated from the systematic literature review were illustrated in the cases studied and complemented with some questions.
Produção de coquetel enzimático rico em endoglucanase termoestável em biorreator de leito empacotado e sua aplicação na obtenção de nanocelulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Katayama, Eric Takashi
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Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
Nanocellulose is a bioproduct with high added value obtained through the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Due to characteristics such as high aspect ratio, low toxicity, thermal stability and high crystallinity, nanocellulose has several applications. Obtaining nanocellulose through the enzymatic route stands out for being an environmentally friendly method, however studies are necessary to improve the efficiency of this process. In this sense, the use of an enzymatic cocktail with thermostable properties can be an interesting strategy for obtaining nanocellulose. In this work, the objective was to use the packaged bed bioreactor for the production of thermostable enzymatic cocktail and apply the enzymes to obtain nanocellulose. To obtain this cocktail, the thermophilic fungus M. thermophila was cultivated by fermentation in solid state on a small scale using full factorial design varying the bagasse mass, soybean meal fraction and moisture. The selected cultivation conditions were replicated in a multilayer-packaged bed bioreactor. The enzymes were then used to hydrolyze cellulose pulp at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 °C and convert the substrate into nanocellulose. The enzymatic extracts of the fungus M. thermophila obtained both on a small scale and in bioreactor showed the activities of endoglucanase around 200 U/g-substrate. The hydrolysis of the pulp performed at 60 °C showed better results, converting 60% of the cellulose, with yield of 16.2% of nanocellulose with 96 hours of hydrolysis. The nanomaterials obtained presented crystalline index of 77.4%. By FTIR it was possible to verify that the chemical compositions of the nanomaterials obtained were nanocellulose. On set temperatures were 152 to 194 °C. Atomic force microscopy showed that the obtained nanocrystals had an average length of 157 nm and an aspect ratio ranging from 1.1 to 10.0. Although the yield of nanocellulose is still lower when compared to that of acid hydrolysis, advances in enzymatic hydrolysis can still be obtained, investigating other possible enzymes that degrade lignocellulosic biomass, such as oxidative enzymes.
Idosos que cuidam de outros idosos: um estudo sobre sobrecarga e fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Macedo, Marcela Naiara Graciani Fumagale
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Santos-Orlandi, Ariene Angelini dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1334146454214813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4508304026036940
In the national context, the family is the primary source of support for the older adult. As a result of population aging and the diversity of family arrangements, the number of older people caregivers of other dependent older adults increases. The task of caring may arise suddenly, without prior instruction or support from third parties, resulting in intense burden, especially for older adult caregivers. Scholars claim that this psychological tension can culminate in the development of frailty. Both burden and frailty can impact the quality of life of those involved and interfere in the quality of care offered, especially in contexts of high social vulnerability. With the early identification of both conditions, interventions can be thought out in order to reduce spending on health services and improve the quality of life of these individuals. Objective: analyze the relationship between burden and frailty of older adults who take care of others older adults registered in Family Health Units (FHU) with a high social vulnerability context. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. This is a larger study, in which 65 older adults aged 60 years or older, registered in FHUs and caring for the older adults participated. Data were collected at the household of the older adult caregiver, from July 2019 to March 2020, by previously trained researchers. The following instruments were used for data collection: questionnaire to characterize the older adult caregiver and the context of care, the Zarit Burden Scale, and the frailty phenotype proposed by Fried. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. The differences between the groups were estimated using Pearson’s Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney tests. The significance level adopted was 5% (p<0,05). Results: there was a predominance of older adults female caregivers (56.9%), aged 60 to 74 years (78.5%) and with a partner (93.9%). The majority of interviews were spouse caregivers (89.2%), had no prior training (96.9%) and no support to perform the task of caring (58.5%). There was statistical significance between high levels of burden and frailty (p=0.004). Frailty presented a statistical relationship with marital status (p=0.016), depressive symptoms (p=0.029), cognitive decline (p=0.029), and degree of kinship with the older adult care (p=0.015). Conclusion: there was a relationship between high burden and frailty in the older adults who care for other older adults seen in Family Health Units in a context of high social vulnerability. Most of the older adults who scored for absent or moderate burden were not frail, while older people caregivers who scored for moderate to severe or severe burden were frail.
Análise numérica de barras compostas em perfis de aço formados a frio submetidas à compressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Nunes, Riterson Jacques
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Maia, Wanderson Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5473998179826262
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Nardin, Silvana de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132
Built-up columns are an interesting alternative when isolated channels do not comply with structural performance requirements. During their lifespan, one of the most common stresses in built-up columns is the compression. Usually, built-up columns are formed by two channels spaced apart, examples being doubled U “back-to-back” or “front to front”. The various possibilities of bracing change the structural behavior to the shear, thus make it difficult to predict the normal resistance force of compression. The American Standard ANSI/AISI S100 (2020) presents an adaptation of the global slenderness for built-up columns, but only considers profiles in contact. Eurocode 3 (2006) distinguishes in elastic analysis, battened and laced built-up columns, but without a specific calculation method for cold-formed profiles. In this context, this work has as main objective to analyze the axial compression resistant capacity of built-up columns in double U section “back-to-back”. Numerical analyzes were carried out in the Ansys software to evaluate the influence of the following geometric parameters on structural behavior: types of bracing, number of battened plates, length of the built-up columns, spacing between channels and thickness of the channels. For each of the models, the normal compressive strength and instability modes were evaluated. In addition, the applicability of normative procedures to predict the resistive force was also evaluated. The results showed that longer built-up columns presented greater increase in the normal resistance force when compared to insulated channels. The increase in the number of battened plates did not show linear variation of the normal resistant force. For battened built-up columns, in most cases analyzed, Eurocode 3 (2006) presented lower resistance values than ANSI/AISI S100 (2020). Lot laced built-up columns Eurocode 3 (2006) underestimated the numerical results for greater thickness. The type of bracing had a greater influence on the models with higher overall slenderness, that is, for greater lengths and closer channels.
Optimization models and solution methods for the vehicle allocation problem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-21)
Cruz, Cesar Dario Alvarez
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Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
The Vehicle Allocation Problem (VAP) consists in allocating a fleet of vehicles to attend the expected demand for road freight transportation between terminals along a finite multiperiod planning horizon. The objective is to maximize the profits generated for the completed services. Previous deterministic and stochastic approaches used heuristic procedures and approximation methods for solving large scale instances of this problem. This thesis contributes with models and solution methods for solving effectively large-scale instances of the VAP. The first method is Branch-and-Benders-Cut (BBC) for solving the space-time network formulation of the VAP. The Benders reformulation results in each subproblem being a multiple origin-destination minimum cost flow problem among empty vehicles exclusively. We propose two valid inequalities in order to reduce the number of infeasible cuts needed to reach a feasible and optimal solution. In addition, we use network flow algorithms in trying to accelerate the process of cut generation. Computational results are shown for randomly generated instances. The second method is a tailored exact Branch-and-Price (BP) procedure, that provides optimal solutions or certificates of quality, for solving large-scale problems within reasonable computational times. This method is the result of reformulating a compact Integer Linear Programming model of the VAP through the Dantzig-Wolfe (DW) decomposition and using efficient procedures for solving each component of the reformulation. The Primal Dual Column Generation Method (PDCGM) is used to solve the master problem, while the subproblem is modeled as a Maximum Cost Flow Problem and solved using the aggregation of optimal longest paths problems on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG). Finally, we resort to three branching procedures to obtain the optimal integer solution of the VAP. Computational experiments with instances from a case study and random realistic-sized instances are presented and analyzed, showing that the method has a superior performance with respect to other exact approaches in solving large-scale VAP instances. The third method is based on preprocessing the time-space extended graph and reformulating the problem in terms of routing empty vehicles along demand nodes. The resulting model's size depends on the number of demand nodes (arcs in the previous model) and fleet size, which can be advantageous when the number of terminal-period pairs in the time-space extended network is large compared to the actual number of loads requested. We propose a BP method based on the DW reformulation of this new modelling approach. The results of both, the reformulation solved by CPLEX and the BP, shows the superior performance of this new approach in solving realistic-sized instances of the VAP.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de módulo de sensoriamento de baixo custo para o monitoramento de saúde estrutural de máquina rotativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-22)
Mascoloti, Gabriela Tavares
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8487846064391835
Predictive maintenance is a recent maintenance model on the market, although it is already well known in the aeronautical industry, and it is increasingly necessary in any manufacturing environment. The research project aims to develop low-cost reduction nodes for predictive monitoring of machine health, increasing production performance and reducing long-term maintenance costs. Integrated with the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and data processing, it will result in a tool to increase machine reliability. Precisely because it is a low-cost development, which will be developed in a laboratory with hardware and commercial sensor, the main challenges of the project is the dimensioning in such a way that it meets the requirements of an industrial environment and is economically advantageous. In addition, once developed, the technical staff responsible for monitoring must be trained to correctly read the information that will be treated and provided from a communication platform with the cloud. Another challenge of the research is to be able to install the prototype developed in a factory and prove the efficiency of the method. The focus of the main research is to develop a predictive monitoring device that is easy to install and operate with low cost, integrated with data treatment via the cloud and possible Application for industry. Once this goal is achieved, the device will be tested in a laboratory and industrial environment for study validation and data comparison. The study will focus on comparing the performance of machines with and without monitoring via a device developed in the research, in order to prove the importance and necessity of predictive maintenance aligned with data processing in the industry.