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Estratégias de tolerância da fitorremediação de metais pesados em plantas-modelo: um estudo de caso em espécies do gênero botânico Brassica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Bortoloti, Gabriel Antonio; Baron, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0034985967142994
The increase in soil contamination by heavy metals (HMs) such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), has generated major environmental concerns, mainly due to the non-biodegradability characteristic of these HMs, which makes them remain in the environment for long periods. Some remediation techniques for contaminated soils are reported in the literature, among them, phytoremediation stands out, a technology that uses plants capable of stabilizing or remediating environmental contamination through contaminant absorption and accumulation strategies. Some plants species are more tolerant to the toxic effects of HMs, such as plants belonging to the botanical genus Brassica. Some HMs, such as Zn and Ni, are essential to plants, however high concentrations of these HMs or other non-essential ones, such as Cd, can cause cell damage, osmoregulation, in the photosynthetic metabolism, and the gas exchange of plants. Brassica species, however, have an efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanism against the stress generated by these contaminants. The literature reports that some agronomic management techniques such as the use of plant growth regulators, plant growth promoters, chelating and acidifying agents, in addition to the selection of more tolerant cultivars and the use of genetic engineering, can help in the uptake and tolerance of HMs by Brassica plants. Therefore, species of the botanical genus Brassica are an interesting model for studies in the field of phytoremediation and, therefore, we chose to write this monograph as a scientific review article, based on the continuous update of what is most current and promising in the field literature on phytoremediation of HMs by Brassica species.
Protetores solares para minimizar os efeitos dos estresses climáticos sobre a fotossíntese em citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Freitas, Mariana Petini de; Boaretto, Rodrigo Marcelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1950389918593440; Schinor, Evandro Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2162760988837984; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7234837458644081
Extreme weather episodes are becoming more and more common, and are characterized by high light radiation and high air temperature, resulting in stress and a large impact on citrus development, quality and production. Citriculture is one of the Brazilian activities with the most relevant segments in world agribusiness and presents expressive numbers that reflect the great economic and social importance throughout the country's economy. Under stress conditions, plants have limited metabolic activities, causing damage to flowering and fruiting of plants due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage metabolism and plant structure. The foliar application of products that act similarly to a sunscreen can prevent photo-oxidative damage, as the reduction in leaf temperature allows for better stomatal opening and, consequently, an increase in CO2 assimilation. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using sunscreens to reduce the effects of stress on photosynthesis in citrus. The experiment was conducted in a citrus orchard of sweet orange plants cv. 'Valencia' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] grafted on 'Swingle' citrumelo [C. paradise Macf. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] at the Sylvio Moreira Citriculture Center (IAC), municipality of Cordeirópolis, SP. The treatments were, T1: control, T2: powdered kaolin [wettable powder 1 µm (30 g L-1)] and T3: powdered calcium oxide-hydroxide carbonate [wettable powder, <1 µm (30 g L-1)], with six repetitions per treatment . The following variables were evaluated at 9:00 am and 12:00 pm: leaf temperature with the help of a thermometer (Fluke 59 Max, Fluke Co., Everett, USA), hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, gas exchange measurements and fluorescence of the chlorophyll a, with the help of IRGA (Li-6800, Inc. Lincoln, USA) thus defining stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, CO2 assimilation, rubisco carboxylation, electron transfer rate, photosystem II efficiency and the energy used for photochemistry. The results were analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no statistically significant difference for any of the variables at the time of 9:00 am, whereas for the time of 12:00pm there was a difference for the variables E, Anet, gsw and A/Ci and Fv/Fm with application of kaolin. There was also a difference in leaf temperature for plants sprayed with kaolin, which reduced leaf temperature by about 3°C and plants sprayed with calcium carbonate have a tendency to lower their temperature when compared to control plants. There was no production of hydrogen peroxide for any of the treatments and there was only an increase in MDA for treated plants with calcium carbonate. We can conclude that the foliar application of kaolin (30 g L-1) in 'Valencia' orange plants is able to change photosynthetic parameters, providing positive effects for gas exchange and reduction in leaf temperature.
Aspectos nutricionais e bioecológicos associados ao desenvolvimento de Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (L., 1758): uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Almeida, Clézio Santana; Marques, Rodrigo Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945237946471247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1435106185232386
This literature review aimed to point out general and specific bioecological problems associated with the development of Hermetia illucens (L.) (DIPTERA: Stratiomyidae). H. illucens or black soldier fly (BSF) is a polyphagous species, synanthropic and widely distributed around the world. Its larvae have six instars; in optimal conditions, it can reach the 5th instar at intervals of 13 to 18 days, producing a rich quantity of biomass from waste of low commercial value. Constant temperatures between 24 and 33 Cº associated with diets with Protein+Carbohydrate contents (50% Dried Matter), P:C 1:2, humidity of 60 to 90%, small amounts of heavy metals, biological and secondary metabolic contaminants were pointed out, by the consulted literature, as very important factors for the development, commercial viability and biosafety of the final product. In the general criteria of this work, concepts on nutritional ecology, food regulation and objective criteria for the evaluation of diets were compiled. Regarding to specific criteria, abiotic factors and biological characteristics identified in the literature are discussed in the second part of the review with more details, together with some sanitary standards required by the European Union. In general, with the technification of the production chain and constant updating of current norms and legislation, there is an excellent perspective for BSF rearing in the coming years in westernized countries.
Avaliação do comportamento de corrosão de concretos refratários contendo ZnAl2O4 via simulações termodinâmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Mauro, Caroline Louise Cipriano; Luz, Ana Paula da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470395641242374
The main characteristic of refractory ceramics is the capacity to withstand thermo-chemicalmechanical stresses at high temperatures for long periods of time, which allows this material to be applied in a diverse industrial field. In the case of steel industry, refractories play an essential part being used, for example, as equipment’s lining, that contributes for the viability of this production process. However, choosing the most suitable composition and kind of refractory is still a challenge, as the steel making process are done in aggressive conditions (in presence of slag, corrosive gas, high temperature, etc.) that can favor wear and the reducing of average service life of these ceramic products. In this context, development of refractories that can withstand these conditions without premature failure is of great interest. These failures can occur as result of two main problems, (i) corrosive wear by the chemical attack of the slag, (ii) unwanted residual expansions due to the in-situ formation of new phases in the microstructure at high temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to understand the phase transformations that may appear in the refractories when exposed to its working condition and in contact with the slag. Knowing that, the objective of this present work is to compare the compositions of aluminous refractory castables containing ZnAl2O4 spinel, and in the presence of 0-1% -weight of SiO2 in the total formulation or 2,7%-weight of SiO2 in the matrix which is the most reactive part of the refractory, identifying the possible phases that may be formed at high temperatures and the transformations involved in the contact of this refractory with the synthetic slag. To attain this data, it was performed thermodynamic simulations, using a software called FactSage, to predict the chemical behavior of the materials at 1500ºC.With the results of these simulations it was verified that the addition of silica in the composition of the castables studied entailed in a reduction of the corrosion behavior and in the penetration of the slag. Furthermore, the AZMS and AMS materials, that contained MgO in their composition, presented the best results, since they had less dissolution of the refractory in the slag and had the highest resulting viscosity, entailing a reduction in corrosion and liquid penetration.
Transiente hidráulico em adutoras: estudo de um sistema adutor em operação em Porto Ferreira-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Baracho, Gabriella Oliveira; Kellner, Erich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2994429674841612
The hydraulic transient is a phenomenon that occurs when a sudden change in the behavior of a certain fluid is imposed, either by changes in route (a valve closing, for example) or changes in physical parameters such as the pressure. Known as water hammer, the effect is the unbalance of particles observed through a shock wave composed of very high pressures followed by very low pressures in a cyclic manner and in a short period of time. The results range from pipe wear to breakage. The phenomenon is a serious operational risk for water supply systems, as it causes losses of water, energy, environmental impact, risk of contamination and, when it occurs in highly critical pipes for a system, discontinuity of supply. Therefore, It is essential to verify the occurrence of the phenomenon and contain it. This work performed the diagnosis and prognosis of a pumping pipeline system in real operation consisting of two centrifugal pumps in series and two connected pipelines, one in DN350 cast iron and the other in DN250 and DN400 PVC DEFoFo, where the latter is equipped with a relief valve and a triple function suction cup. The diagnosis, performed through the characterization of the system and the hydraulic transient modeling in the software Allievi, simulating scenarios of stoppages of the booster pumps, revealed maximum pressures on average 35% above the capacity of the pipes, reaching about 135mca (while the steady state works on average with 70mca) and negative minimums of -10mca (vacuum), indicating the occurrence of cavitation in practically the entire system. The devices already installed, despite having their contribution, are not sufficient to control the transient, therefore, it is proposed to install two closed surge tanks with a capacity of 4m³ each, close to the output of the booster pumps pipes . The simulation with the tanks presents results consistent with the literature and demonstrates control of pressures during the transient, where the maximum points are close to the regular level of the steady state and the minimum pressures become positive and completely far from the cavitation limit.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de embalagens para delivery
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Larini, Vinícius Pereira; Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417
Delivery packages made up of different materials - expanded polystyrene, amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) and paperboard with a polypropylene lid - were compared regarding the environmental impacts related to their life cycles considering landfill disposal. In addition, three end-of-life scenarios for paperboard packaging were compared - landfill, industrial composting, and anaerobic digestion. These were evaluated according to the categories: damage to the environment (global warming, ozone depletion, eutrophication of fresh and marine water, terrestrial acidification, and terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecotoxicity), depletion of resources (water and fossil, and land use), and human health (human toxicity). For all indicators, the impacts were analyzed by each step of the life cycles: polymer resin production, paper packaging production, polymer processing, and end-of-life scenario. The LCA results showed that the amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (APET) packaging had the greatest impacts for all categories - apart from land use, where paperboard had the greatest impact - with an important contribution from the production of PET resin for most of them. Polystyrene packaging had the best result in terms of ozone layer depletion, freshwater eutrophication, and water resource depletion indicators. Paperboard packaging obtained the best result for global warming, maritime eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, depletion of fossil resources, and terrestrial, maritime, and freshwater ecotoxicity indicators. As for the indicator of impact on human health, polystyrene and paperboard packaging had a similar performance. It was also found that for most indicators, disposal was the step with the lowest relative impact. Finally, the advantages and consequences of different end-of-life scenarios for paperboard packaging were explored, such as the generation of economically relevant products (such as fertilizer compost and biogas). For impacts such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, impact on human health, and marine and freshwater ecotoxicity, there was a noticeable positive impact of avoiding landfill disposal. For the impacts of marine and freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, depletion of water and fossil resources, land use and terrestrial ecotoxicity, the impact of alternative disposals presented an impact comparable to that of the disposal by landfill.
Selo Procel Edifica para edificações públicas: análise das condições para a etiquetagem do Centro de Cultura e Eventos da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Mariano, Thales Carneiro; Barreto, Douglas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369326190168139; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0377313002301563
This work seeks to provide information on current methods of environmental certification and classification available on the market, with emphasis on public editions. The work classifies a building of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos UFSCar, the Center for Culture and Events, through the Brazilian building etiquette program, better known as Selo Procel Edifica. The method used was prescriptive, based on the Technical Quality Regulation Manual for the level of efficiency, RTQ-C. The survey was all based on the projects and on the building's descriptive memorial, being then a project label. All data provided for the classification could be raised or considerations were made in a way that would not affect or compromise the final evaluation, all these considerations were highlighted. The building was rated with label levels B for wrapping, B for lighting and A for air conditioning. However, very close to reaching the A label level for the building in general, some improvements and bonuses were suggested in order to raise the total score and reach the general level, and consequently the possibility of obtaining the “Selo Procel Edifica .
Instagram & Botânica: o caso do herbário SORO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Araujo, Daiane Vilas Bôas Teixeira; Capelo, Fiorella Fernanda Mazine; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0400014722017129; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1267949542117251
Herbaria are collections of dried and pressed plants, usually for research and teaching purposes. These are the collections that provide the basis for Plant Systematics, which deals with the identification, classification and nomenclature of plants. The SORO herbarium, focus of this project, is located at the Federal University of São Carlos - Sorocaba campus and currently has about 7,488 computerized plants, and the families with the highest number of species in the collection are Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. The species in the collection are mostly collected in the Sorocaba region, mainly from the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest and Cerrado formations. The social network chosen as the focus of this project was Instagram. The project aimed to disseminate information, content and knowledge in the field of Botany, especially the SORO herbarium, in an attractive way for university students and the community, through the creation of a new visual identity for the SORO herbarium, production of quality content and attractiveness and adaptation of technical-scientific language to the usual language on social networks. The methodology used in the project divided the actions into 6 main steps: 1. Creation of the visual identity; 2. Instagram profile adjustments; 3. Profile management on Instagram for 2 months, with weekly content posts; 4. Monitoring of success metrics; 5. Training in social media management applied to Botany and 6. Preparation of the manual of good social media management practices applied to herbaria. In the first stage, the visual and written communication of Herbário SORO was established: logo, typography, visual elements, color palette, verbal guidelines and tone of voice. In the second step, all the visual identity changes built in step 1 were applied to the profile, changing profile picture, highlights and biography. In the management stage, market research was carried out, analyzing the Instagram profile of each herbarium in order to understand the behavior and presence of other Brazilian herbariums on this social network. After gathering all this information, the pillars of communication that guided the contents that were produced in the profile of the SORO herbarium were defined, namely: Commemorative dates: production of content for important dates (for example: Farmer's Day, Cerrado Day, etc. .); Botany on the Plate: series of posts about the foods we eat every day, telling the botanical story behind them; Plants that changed the world: series on plants important to human history; The tree on my street: series on urban afforestation; Informative content: posts with tips and relevant information about Botany and the herbarium; e Is it poisonous or not?: series about poisonous plants. Among the results, a new visual identity, in addition to the SORO herbarium logo, was created using a color palette that brought a greater visual impact to the profile, more adapted to Instagram. In addition, additional visual elements were defined to be applied to posts. During the profile adjustments phase, all the necessary changes were made, changing the profile picture, biography (text located right below the username) and highlights (a feature that Instagram offers to extend the useful life of shared “stories”). After defining the pillars of communication and selecting the publication formats, an editorial calendar was prepared for the posts. The posts were produced based on the content provided by Herbarium SORO's team of users and managers, essentially professors and students. At the end of the management period, it is possible to observe the impact that the change in visual identity and the content produced had on the success metrics analyzed: a significant growth in the number of followers, reach, impression and engagement (likes, comments, sharing and saved ). In absolute numbers, during the 2 months of herbarium SORO's Instagram management, the profile reached 7,111 people, acquired 55 followers and obtained 767 interactions with the publications (engagement). The number of followers and the reach and impression numbers tend to increase as the number of posts increases. Training in social media management applied to Botany was given to the team at the SORO herbarium, lasting 1h30min. In the end, a manual of good practices was produced, which was made available to herbarium users and to the Brazilian herbarium network, with the aim of helping other herbariums in the creation and management of their Instagram profiles, to carry out good management and disseminate knowledge Botanical technical-scientific on social networks.
Overview of Al-Si alloys for additive manufacturing and prospects
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Santos Junior, Carlos Eduardo dos; Spinelli, José Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged in recent years for enabling the generation of parts with highly complex geometries. Due to the nature of the AM process, which causes alloys to experience a complex thermal history during processing, there is a need to develop alloys that are suitable for this process. Al-Si alloys were widely used in many industries, such as automotive and aerospace, being of great interest for their excellent mechanical properties, processability and low density. Over the last years, several studies have reported suitable results Al-Si based alloys processed by AM. However, some Al-Si alloys compositions need to be further investigated, encompassing the effects of alloying elements on the properties of interest as well microstructural features, especially on the eutectic silicon size/morphology and growth of other secondary phases. This study evaluated the main Al-Si alloys that are highlighted for AM processes, as well as used alloying elements and new options for chemistries that would be suitably employed. The main AM techniques are discussed, pointing out their advantages and the challenges according to the inherent characteristics of the process. Alloying elements were evaluated considering their impact on Si morphology and mechanical properties on produced parts.. Among the evaluated elements, Ni and Zn additions proved to be effective in increasing the mechanical strength of the analyzed alloys. Zr and rare earths such as Sc and Ce demonstrated efficiency as refining agents for Si morphology, which also enhances the alloys properties. Two heat treatments showed to be effective, T6 and T73, aging and two-stage aging, respectively. Both treatments increased the hardness of treated alloys, however, more investigation appears to be needed. Evaluating all aspects, the most used alloy nowadays is the Al-Si10Mg due to its optimal properties if processed within a processing window having laser power ranging from 170 to 200 W and scanning speeds from 700 to 1400 mm/s. In sum, Ni, Zn, Zr and rare earth elements such as Sc and Ce demonstrated to be promising as alloying elements for the Al-Si alloys, being excellent topics for future investigations. Combining Sr with rare earths presented a great synergy in terms of microstructural refinement, being a suitable alternative for alternatives alloys to be developed.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Cortada, André Luchetti; Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417
The consumption and inappropriate disposal of plastic packaging has caused enormous damage to the environment. Currently, there is a regulatory trend for companies to adopt systems with reverse logistics and resources from renewable sources as raw materials for packaging. However, the adoption of renewable-based inputs is not a sufficient criterion for the development of environmentally friendly technologies. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are necessary to characterize the advantages and disadvantages of packaging in the face of different environmental impact categories. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of PET bottles produced from non-renewable and renewable chemical inputs. Four life cycles (systems) were evaluated, varying the origin (fossil or renewable) of PET monomers and the recycled PET resin content (from 0 to 20%) in the bottles. The life cycles were modeled using OpenLCA software with cradle-to-gate scope, assuming the production of PET bottles in Brazil as a functional unit. From the literature, the inventory for each system was developed, having as reference the state of São Paulo both as a source of raw materials and as a processing region. The indicators evaluated in this study were: occupation of agricultural land, soil transformation and natural resources, use of water resources, emission of greenhouse gases, toxicological effects on humans, fossil fuel depletion and freshwater ecotoxicity. The results indicated that the use of PET from renewable sources brings advantages, mainly in the reduction of toxicological effects (both on humans and freshwater) and on greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse (GHG). However, the same PET requires greater consumption of water resources and competes with agricultural land compared to petrochemical-based PET, which can have important social impacts The insertion of 20% recycled PET reduced all the impact indicators of the pet bottles. Therefore, the LCA carried out in this work allowed to conclude that using renewable sources does not mean reducing the impacts of the production and consumption of PET bottles in half environment, and that renewable solutions that require less use of resources such as electricity, water and farmland is needed.
A matemática na história de vida de estudantes da EJA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Mesquita, Luana Hercule; Ciríaco, Klinger Teodoro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2947929641568853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3714208049690948
The present investigation aimed to understand to what extent the Mathematics, in the life trajectory of students in Youth and Adult Education (EJA), contributed to distances and approximations with the school. To this end, under the assumptions of qualitative research, through a narrative interview with two EJA male students, the data were produced remotely (interviews via video call on WhatsApp) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews were analyzed through content analysis based on the assumptions of Bardin (2011). The bibliographic survey includes a mapping of theses and dissertations about of specific research descriptors that sought to raise studies on the subject from the perspective of raising the production of knowledge in the area. The theoretical framework, it is supported by authors and scholars in the field of EJA and the practices of numeracy/mathematical literacy to characterize the present teaching modality and the ways of exploring the most promising mathematical knowledge to work with the students' learning. The result of the study points to the necessary understanding of the meanings attributed to Mathematics in the trajectory of life and the place it is occupies in the speech and in the daily practice of the men and women who return to the banks schoolchildren in adult life. Particularly here, the collaborators emphasize that the Mathematics is essential for social integration, especially in activities encompassed by the working world.
Criação de espaços permanentes de saúde e educação ambiental no município de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Tony, Luan Felipe Florencio; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882993171828387
“Creation of Permanent Health and Environmental Education Spaces in the municipality of São Carlos", is the name of the environmental education project promoted by the Educational Foundation of São Carlos with funding from the State Water Resources Fund. It had its start postponed, officially started from 2021, due to the necessary adjustments due to the SARS-COV-19 virus pandemic, established in the beginning of 2020 and popularly known as "COVID-19". The project aims to contribute to increasing the quality of life of the population and reducing socio-environmental problems in the city of São Carlos - SP. It is intended to achieve these goals through environmental awareness activities, such as: Assistance in the Nature Trail project; Conducting environmental awareness workshops in municipal schools of basic education EMEB Profª. Angelina Dagnone de Melo and EMEB Profª. Delilah Galli; Creation of an interactive space for environmental education; Interactive exhibition of environmental themes addressed during the project's execution time; Two integration and project evaluation workshops. Among these numerous awareness-raising activities, I am responsible for the activities carried out in the Nature Trail project, this project, over 28 years ago, preserves the fragment of cerrado existing at the Federal University of São Carlos, through non-formal environmental education and by the end of the Aflorar project, it is intended to carry out: website and application for a virtual visit to the fragment of cerrado, signposts for the cerrado area and elaboration/alteration of educational material about the Nature Trail. The Cerrado is considered a hot spot for the conservation of global biodiversity and an important aquifer recharge area. Therefore, the sum of these factors reinforces, more and more, the importance of the fight for the preservation of the remaining fragments of the Cerrado. Finally, it is up to the Environmental Manager and Analyst and other professionals, the important role of demonstrating to the population the importance of maintaining areas of permanent preservation, for example, the cerrado, in addition to the population, also plays an important role in reducing social and environmental problems in the municipality.
Técnica de demonstração matemática aplicada em análise da reta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Galo, Bruna Cavalcante; Venezuela, Antonio Luís; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722224671269332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2670120383917065
This work aims to study the demonstration process carried out in the discipline of Mathematical Analysis of the Line. The theme was chosen based on the bibliographic analysis carried out in the Mathematical Analysis discipline present in the undergraduate course. From the analysis of the basic bibliography of the discipline, problems of understanding were found in the model of proof of theorems and resolution of the exercises. It discusses the construction of logical mathematical thinking, epistemological conceptions and the historicity of Logic and Mathematical Analysis, seeking to understand ways to create a model that would fill gaps in the understanding of the demonstrative process. We present a vertical model, via form, called Group of Demonstration Forms which, through a breakable structure, proposes a mode of demonstration aimed at Higher Education, aiming to establish a logical construction for solving demonstration problems while preserving the rigor of mathematical language. And finally, we present examples of application of the form and compare it with the methodology applied in university textbooks related to the subject.
Análise dos fatores físico-químicos que influenciam a durabilidade da resina epóxi como revestimento de piso residencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Miessa, Quezia Freiria; Marini, Juliano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
The floor coating made with epoxy resin, popularly known as liquid porcelain, is an unconventional alternative for coating for residential use which, being a relatively new and uncommon technique, presents poor technical and scientific information dissipated in the civil construction sector. This type of coating requires knowledge not only of the technical part such as the application process, but also of the properties, characteristics, and structure of the polymeric resin, which can directly influence the durability and quality of this finish. In this work, a technical and scientific analysis of the main physicochemical factors of the epoxy resin and other intrinsic factors that influence the durability and the appearance of anomalies in the liquid porcelain was carried out. The main anomalies and their possible causes were also surveyed, in addition to the minimum requirements that the coating must meet to obtain good durability. As a conclusion of the study, technical factors such as application process, service conditions, suitability for use and specialized labor were obtained; and scientific factors of epoxy resin such as choice and formulation of resin and hardener, factors influencing the curing process, temperature and viscosity. All these factors influenced the final properties of the finish, which may or not favor the appearance of premature anomalies and, consequently, reduce the overall quality and durability of the liquid porcelain.
Implementação de rede neural na caracterização de IPMC´s com líquidos iônicos de alquilimidazólio incorporados: estudo de viabilidade de ferramenta auxiliar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Rodrigues, Lia Kim; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3974115336861786
The present study aims to implement and evaluate the feasibility of an artificial neural network algorithm in Python to classify IPMC samples. For this work it was considered Nafion-based IPMC samples with platinum electrodes. One of the IPMC’s applications is its use as soft actuators and sensors due to its smooth movements similar to biological muscles. This bending mechanism occurs because of the cationic diffusion inside Náfion®’s ionomeric channels dragging solvent molecules causing a difference in the solvent concentration along the sample thickness [12, 13, 14]. Based on studies and electromechanical characterizations, it was observed that the hydration level and external conditions influence in the actuator performance [14]. The loss of water to the environment during the actuation cycles implies a drop in the IPMC effectiveness which is a challenge for commercial applications. The incorporation of the so-called ionic liquids, in this case was used the 1-butyl-3- ethylimidazole chloride (BMIM.Cl), may be one possible solution so the IPMC works with its higher capacity for longer periods. Besides the electromechanical characterizations in which the incorporation of BMIM.Cl proved to be very promising, dynamic mechanical oscillatory shear measurements with torsional rectangular geometry were also carried out in order to study the IPMC’s viscoelastic response. Therefore, the storage modulus (G’) as a function of frequency (w), previously obtained in torsion tests performed in ARES rheometer from TA Instruments, were used as input data in the neural network. The methodology used was the adaptation of the of the publicly available neural network code in the Machine Learning tutorial for Python programming [28]. The neural network has three layers, two hidden and one output layer, densely connected. Thus, after the training and validation of the artificial neural network, the algorithm gives us the accuracy. Firstly, using the relu and sigmoid activation functions, the accuracy measured was between 16% and 19%. After the study of the influence of the activation functions and its change in the hidden layers and in the output layer it was obtained a accuracy higher than 95%. Furthermore, random noisy data were generated in order to simulate different analysis of the same sample containing a variability. This simulated was used to evaluate the accuracy with the increase of the noise intensity. The algorithm showed that the accuracy in the capacity of rightly classify the IPMC samples drops with higher intensities noises. So, although the problem herein approached was very simple and the quantity of data available was relatively small, from preliminary results, the implementation ofthe neural network algorithm showed to be a viable tool with high accuracy level to assist in the characterization of IPMC samples as long as the noise range in relation to the experimental data is within a certain limit. It is of great relevance to emphasize the importance of a significant amount of data to get more conclusive results.
Mobilidades LGBTQIA+: estudo de caso do aplicativo de carona Blablacar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-18) Lopes, Maria Isabela de Abreu; Ferragi, Cesar Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8059661338196579; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7766873532163455
What makes a person move from one point to another? What are the motivations that lead human beings to leave their homes and be willing to travel to others places? And what experiences do people have on a trip? The answers to the questions above are related to several factors. Whereas mobility is concept crossed by social markers, unique experiences and motivations, the objective of the present work is to investigate the experiences of LGBTQIA+ people when use the Blablacar hitchhiking app, as the rate of violence and hate crimes against people in this group is high, according to some estimated data. The research was carried out in an exploratory qualitative way, with focus on the user experience when using the Blablacar application, through a form and two interviews. The result is a proposal to improve the Blablacar interface, with any button that signals intolerance with LGBTphobia.