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Modificação de matrizes em análise espectroscópica por Raman e infravermelho médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Moreira, Walace Martins; Bogusz Junior, Stanislau; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9611719556320083; Carneiro, Renato Lajarim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8269773810523492
The spectroscopy methods of analysis, as Mid Infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy, are based on the interaction of light and matter. These techniques present advantages, such as, non-destructive analysis, low cost and little or no sample preparation. However, in the analysis of complex matrices (food, beverages, and drugs), interferents agents decrease the capacity of these techniques, especially in detecting of minority compounds. In this way, the modification of these matrices in order to reduce the interferences, presents itself as a viable alternative, expanding the analysis capacity and enabling new applications of such techniques. In this work, it was performed the modification of matrices in three different applications for analyses using MIR and Raman spectroscopy. The aim of carrying out the treatment of samples before the analysis aimed to overcome limitations of analytical techniques related to direct analysis, such as fluorescence in Raman and water interference in mid-infrared. In the first application, it was proposed the quantitative determination and stability study of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in commercial samples by Raman spectroscopy and univariate analysis. For this purpose, four solution of 3% m/v AAS at pH values varying from 6 to 12 were prepared. Raman spectra were collected at intervals of 30 min in the first two hours of analysis and 1 h of interval after two hours, in a total of 8 hours. For quantitative determination, a concentration calibration curve in the range of 1 to 5% m/v of AAS, was built. After evaluating of stability, two commercial drugs containing AAS were purchased in the local market and the content of the active ingredient was determined. The values found by Raman Spectroscopy were compared with the results obtained by the standard method (HPLC) and presented relative deviation below 1%. In the second application, a sample opening method was proposed using liquid-liquid partition with ethyl acetate to analyze by FTIR-ATR 11 brands of Pilsner beers, divided into the Standard American Lager and Premium American Lager categories. The data were pre-processed the exploratory study performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to the results, spectral patterns (fingerprints) of the compounds present in the organic extract of the analyzed samples were obtained. It was possible to verify that FTIR-ATR technique was able to separate the analyzed beer brands in distinct groups. Moreover, the FTIR-ATR was able to separate samples of different brands according to the production location. Finally, in the third application the quantitative analysis of ethanol in beer, wine and whiskey samples was performed by Raman Spectroscopy. As a strategy to reduce interferents, the modification of the matrices with sodium hypochlorite was carried out. This method has as its main objective to suppress the fluorescence of samples, caused by the components present in these matrices. The results showed that the use of sodium hypochlorite was effective in the suppressing of fluorescence, allowing for the quantitative analysis of ethanol in the analyzed matrices. The relative deviation between Raman Spectroscopy and the reference method (Gas Chromatography - GC) was below10%.
Programa Residência Pedagógica: desafios e potencialidades no estágio curricular obrigatório e na formação inicial de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Sanzovo, Cátia Cristina Oliveira Rosa; Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037
This research has as its theme: "Pedagogical Residency Program: Challenges and Potentialities in the mandatory curricular internship and in the initial training of teachers.", aims to analyze the relevance of the Pedagogical Residency Program in the initial training of teachers and to investigate how preceptors (trainers) of the program, look at the potentialities and challenges of the PRP, as a supplementary part of the new policies in the field of teacher education. Contemplating the mandatory curricular internship as an integral part of the program, we seek to collect information through field, bibliographic and documentary research regarding the contributions of the mandatory curricular internship carried out concomitantly with the Pedagogical Residency Program, and how it can contribute to initial training of future teachers. In view of the issues discussed, we seek to relate the relevance of the mandatory curricular internship and the realization of the pedagogical residency as a training policy. As this is a new policy in the field of teacher training, it is opportune to analyze public policies for teacher training, mandatory curricular internship and the teacher training program. Given this content, this work will present a brief political history of teacher training in Brazil, elucidating the issues surrounding teacher training, from the mandatory curricular internship, the emergence of the Pedagogical Residency Program, school-university partnership and initial teaching performance
Lambert-F univariate distributions for asymmetrical data
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Salinas, Yuri Antonio Iriarte; Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249
In this dissertation, we propose new univariate continuous distributions for modeling asymmetrical data. Initially, starting from a non-linear parametric transformation of an uniform random variable, we propose a new asymmetric one-parameter distribution that extends the uniform distribution, the so-called Lambert-uniform distribution. The transformation is expressed analytically in terms of the principal branch of the Lambert W function in such a way that the inverse transformation is expressed in terms of an exponential function. Consequently, the density function of the Lambert-uniform distribution has a simple closed form and exhibits increasing or decreasing monotonic behavior. Subsequently, based on the Lambert-uniform distribution, we propose a new distribution generator that allows adding one shape parameter to an arbitrary baseline distribution. The added parameter allows a variety of shapes for the density function of the resulting distribution, leading to an expansion of the skewness and kurtosis ranges of the baseline distribution. We observe that the parameter induced by the generator acts as a skewness parameter when the baseline distribution is symmetric. On the other hand, when the baseline distribution has positive support, we observe that the hazard rate function of the resulting distribution corresponds to a modification in the early times of the hazard rate function of the baseline distribution. This is exemplified through the study of four special cases obtained by considering the generalized-bimodal, slash, exponential and Rayleigh distributions as baseline distributions. We discuss the parameter estimation via the maximum likelihood method and evaluate the behavior of the estimators through simulation experiments. Finally, we consider some application examples that illustrate the usefulness of the proposed distributions in different real settings.
Espaço formativo partilhado entre professores e intérpretes educacionais no contexto da Educação Inclusiva Bilíngue de surdos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Daroque, Samantha Camargo; Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1725066703077038
In the daily routine of the regular classroom, teachers and educational interpreters need to organize specific aspects and solve demands related to the teaching of deaf students. Although they work together, these professionals usually do not have moments outside class hours to share experiences and reflect on their actions. Recognizing the importance of this process for the quality of teaching-learning of deaf students, we proposed the creation of a shared formative space between teachers and educational interpreters in service in a public school in the interior of São Paulo. We aimed to investigate the potential of this space for Bilingual Education of the Deaf, focusing on the moments of instruction, analyzing possibilities of the proposal, difficulties of implementation, gaps and potentials found in the educational practices of these professionals, in order to expand their experiences and reflections on the teaching process for this public in the classroom. To this end, we mobilized the cultural-historical theory proposed by Vygotsky and other authors, studies in the field of Deaf Education and studies on training aspects of teachers and educational interpreters. Focusing on the training process, we followed three pairs (teacher-interpreters) during one school year in the school where the project was developed. We recorded the meetings on video and audio (most of them) and collected the data to be analyzed by transcribing the speeches of the participants. The actions implemented in the training space consisted of dialogues with the pairs, during which we addressed specific issues related to deafness, methodological aspects of teaching deaf students, different possibilities of interpretation in Libras, forms of support for teaching practice and practices of the educational interpreter, in order to promote joint reflections on new possibilities of educational actions. From the analysis of the dynamics of the meetings, three cores of meaning emerged: Pedagogical practices, Organizational processes and Formative processes. As a main result of the analysis, we highlight the expansion of the dialogue between professionals for shared decision making, which enabled the creation of new strategies for the teaching of deaf students, in a more conscious way. The teachers and educational interpreters benefited from these common moments of organization, overcoming difficulties by jointly executing the planning with the external view of a professional trained to generate, discuss and forward reflections on other forms and possibilities of actions. We could see, therefore, that the establishment of this partnership in the training meetings leads professionals to a better work both for deaf students and for the school as a whole. However, it is a process full of challenges, permeated by dynamics of institutional functioning and important aspects that must be appreciated in order to promote, in fact, a quality Bilingual Education for the Deaf.
A educação especial na escola indígena Terena: um estudo no município de Anastácio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Almeida, Ed Angel França; Corsi, Adriana Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5553922167803121; Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3933349387952206
Indigenous peoples have the right to specific, differentiated, intercultural, bilingual/multilingual and community education, guaranteed by law. Like all the rights of indigenous peoples, school education was the result of several struggles and the union of different indigenous and indigenist movements. And in the same way that school education took time to have legal support and to take its own form, detached from its historical burden, Special Education is gradually being seen with different eyes by the indigenous themselves. Therefore, showing the interface of Special Education in Indigenous Schools is of paramount relevance. This research sought to answer some questions: Are indigenous students who are the target audience of Special Education (PAEE) being served at the indigenous school? What actions are developed to assist PAEE indigenous students? And how are these actions being developed by teachers and school managers? Thus, this work had as general objective to know the interface of Special Education in a Terena indigenous school. With the specific objectives of investigating whether there is service for indigenous PAEE students and how this service takes place; to describe what are the actions developed to assist the PAEE indigenous students and how these actions are being developed by teachers and managers of the school that is the focus of this work. It is a qualitative approach work. To obtain data, structured questionnaires were applied individually by the researcher. The questionnaires were prepared by researchers specialized in the field of Special Education, from the Federal University of São Carlos, through which we were able to characterize: the respondent, the school's data, the access and permanence of the PAEE student in the school, the school's infrastructure, administrative and pedagogical actions and the participants' sense of self-efficacy, etc. This work portrays the interface of special education in a Terena indigenous school in the municipality of Anastásio, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. We can conclude that the service to the Terena indigenous of this municipality has taken place and that the managers and professionals working in the school have sought to meet the demands of their public.
Planejamento de véspera da operação horária de microrredes com geração fotovoltaica distribuída integrada por inversores inteligentes via programação não linear inteira mista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Barros, João Vitor Alves de Azevedo; Lima, Ana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5336965542771788; Lage, Guilherme Guimarães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4426242038269208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5382925436989711
The penetration of photovoltaic distributed generation in distribution networks has become a reality; however, it still imposes challenges to be overcome, such as the operation of these networks with minimal deviations in the voltage magnitude profiles. Thus, this work proposes the daily planning of the hourly operation of microgrids in order to minimize the deviation in the voltage magnitude profiles and the minimization of active losses in the distribution through optimal tap ratio adjustments of transformers in substations, optimal adjustments of power banks remotely switched capacitors along the primary feeders and injections of active and reactive power from the photovoltaic generation distributed by smart inverters. In such a Volt/Var Optimization (OVV) problem, the discrete control variables associated with transformer taps and equivalent shunt susceptances of remotely switched capacitor banks are handled by sinusoidal penalty functions that modify the original mixed integer nonlinear programming problem into a nonlinear programming problem with only continuous decision variables. The results obtained for microgrids with 69 and 135 nodes show that the proposed OVV model and its resolution methodology are effective and efficient in reducing the deviation in voltage magnitude profiles, minimizing active losses and, at the same time, reducing of the overall reactive power demand of the distribution network.
On the existence of free actions of the groups Z_2, S^1 and S^3 on some finitistic spaces and cohomology of orbit spaces
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Paiva, Thales Fernando Vilamaior; Santos, Edivaldo Lopes dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2167472456497730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3657790999194912
Let G be a compact Lie group and X be a finitistic space. If G acts continuously on X, we can construct the fibration X \hookrightarrow X_{G} \arrow & B_{G}, (1) called Borel fibration, where G\hookrightarrow E_{G}\to B_{G} denotes the universal G-bundle and X_{G} is the orbit space (E_{G}\times X)/G, also known as the Borel space. When the action on G on X is free, there is a homotopy equivalence between the orbit space X/G and the space X_{G}. Therefore, we can use the Leray-Serre spectral sequence {E_{r}^{\ast,\ast},d_{r}}, associated to the fibration (1), which converges to the cohomology of the total space X_{G}, to get the cohomology ring of the orbit space X/G. In this thesis, we use these tools to investigate the existence of free actions of the compact Lie groups Z_2, S^1 and S^3 on some finitistic spaces. Precisely, we study the existence of free action on finitistic spaces with mod 2 cohomology of a Dold manifold P(m,n), a Wall manifold Q(m,n), a Milnor manifold H(m,n), a product of spheres, the (real, complex or quaternionic) projective spaces and spaces of type (a,b). When the space X admit such such structure, we compute the mod 2 cohomology of the respective orbit space X/G.
O aprendizado médico frente ao sofrimento mental: uma análise autobiográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Gonsalves, Barbara Prado; Vale, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7135183635933470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000100616640253
The undergraduate medicine course at UFSCar aims at providing generalist, humanist, critical and reflective medical training, based on a differentiated learning model. The active methodology used transforms the graduation scenario, removing students from the comfort zone of traditional learning and creating a fertile ground for clinical reasoning and greater autonomy for the undergraduate. However, it has weaknesses that impact the lives of students and bring greater mental suffering during this learning journey. This Final Paper (FP) will be prepared in accordance with the guidelines of the Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) of the UFSCar Medicine Course. The critical-reflective narrative about my education will be based on the description of the activities proposed by the graduation and my experiences during that period.
Obtenção de filmes fotocatalisadores por oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (PEO) sobre titânio metálico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Corrêa, Mateus Tofoli; Gianelli, Bruno Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9026765899678785; Mendonça, Vagner Romito de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4270375873948823; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4633251214044148
The literature demonstrates the use of irradiated semiconductors in the treatment of effluents in a process called heterogeneous photocatalysis, a variant of advanced oxidative processes. The applicability of semiconductors is due to their electronic structure, characterized by bands that, when excited, present charges with redox potential capable of promoting various chemical reactions. TiO2 is the most studied semiconductor oxide for this purpose, however, it is limited by the high rate of recombination of photogenerated charges, which reduces its potential. Another limiting factor is the recovery of the catalyst when it is formed by small particles on the nanometer scale. One way to facilitate the recovery and reuse of the material is by applying them in the form of a film. In this context, using a metallic titanium (Ti) plate in a plasma-assisted electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process allows the formation of a thin layer of its oxide, the semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the metal. Also, recent research demonstrates the incorporation of other materials, such as tin dioxide (SnO2), to assist TiO2 during photocatalysis, by forming heterostructures, which act to reduce the rate of recombination of photogenerated charges. Thus, this work aimed to study the applicability of the PEO process in obtaining TiO2 photocatalyst films and the incorporation of SnO2 in the structure by adding it in the form of particulate material to the electrolyte during the PEO process. The application of sulfuric and phosphoric acid in the electrolyte, as well as different concentrations of SnO2 in it, were studied. The characterization of the films was performed using the techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffractometry. The characterization tests showed the influence of the electrolyte on the crystalline phase obtained, as well as on the surface morphology of the film. The incorporation of SnO2 in the final structure could not be verified, indicating that the concentration used was not sufficient for this purpose. Heterogeneous photocatalysis tests on the degradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes under UV radiation showed the applicability of PEO in obtaining photocatalyst films. The films obtained via PEO showed activity after 4 cycles, indicating the applicability of the process to obtain photocatalyst films with the possibility of recovery and reuse.
Saberes docentes no ensino superior: compreendendo a aprendizagem profissional a partir da pesquisa (auto)biográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-16) Gomes, José Oreste Cirto; Lima, Niedja Maria Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1022078411182508; Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2168188114606367
The general objective of this work is to unveil knowledge of teaching in Higher Education, from the mapping of academic productions that dialogue with (auto)biographical narratives. For the composition of the corpus of analysis of this work, we used, as a database, the Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica (RBPAB). The time frame adopted considers the period from 2016 to 2021, marked by the beginning of the publication of the Brazilian Journal of (Auto)Biographic Research, culminating in the year this research was carried out until the month of November, considering the last published volume (v18). The theoretical framework adopted considers the academic production of different authors who focus their research on teaching knowledge in Higher Education, the construction of identity and teaching professionalism, research through (auto)biographical narratives in Education, among others. For the construction and development of this study, the quantitative-qualitative methodology was chosen, considering the realization of a Systematic Mapping of the academic production inherent to the aforementioned period, as well as the contributions of Falbo, Souza and Felizardo (2017) and Vosgerau and Romanowski (2014), composition of the analysis corpus and production of results. Twenty-six articles published by RBPAB were analyzed. The mapping of academic productions was made from the reading and recording of these works, among which four thematic axes emerged, organized in order to unveil the teaching knowledge in Higher Education, which used (auto)biographical narratives. The academic productions analyzed show that the teachers' memories of their trajectories influenced the generation of important knowledge for their professional training, as the images they had about what it was to be a teacher were related to representations that were being (de)constructed and (re)constructed from self-writing, from reflections on their formative processes, as well as from their professional trajectories and life stories. The narratives about life histories considered as a training device brought us a perspective of the teaching profession as practiced by a human being who needs to be considered as beyond a technically constituted professional, that is, as a person who is, in its entirety. Through this device, the (trans)formation of themselves and their teaching practices occur progressively, while they build and expand their knowledge through their (auto)biographies, as these provide them with opportunities for self-knowledge, self-training and a new way of seeing and living teaching in Higher Education.