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Physiological responses of chlorophyta microalgae under environmentally relevant copper concentrations: biomolecules, oxidative stress and photosynthesis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-28)
Dauda, Suleiman
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8063471405793012
Microalgae require copper (Cu) in trace levels for their growth and metabolism. It is a vital component of certain metalloproteins, participates in the photosynthetic process, and catalyzes various redox reactions. Although this element has been widely studied concerning microalgae physiology, the effects of environmentally relevant levels have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to see the effect of environmental copper concentrations on some aspects of algae physiology, as growth rates, biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and pigments) production, antioxidant response, and photosynthesis. For this, Ankistrodesmus flexuosus, Curvastrum pantanale, Monoraphidium sp., and Chlamydomonas chlorastera were the test organisms. They were kept under laboratory controlled conditions with Cu concentrations ranging from low (0.1 nM) to high (5480.0 nM) free Cu ions (Cu2+). Cultures lasted 96 h and all analyses were done in exponential growth phase. Cell densities and growth rates were unaffected in low Cu concentrations up to, 9.1 nM Cu2+ in C. chlorastera and 7.4 nM Cu2+ in the other species. In relation to pigments, β-carotene and lutein increased in C. chlorastera (1.2 mg g-1 β-carotene; 6.14 mg g-1 lutein) in 0.3–0.4 nM Cu2+. C. chlorastera had the highest, carbohydrates (> 50 pg cell-1) across all Cu concentrations tested, proteins content (270.2 pg cell-1; 0.3 nM Cu2+), and lipids (61.9% dw; 1.2 nM Cu2+). The activities of α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, Glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were not affected by low Cu exposure, but increased in high Cu. The microalgae effective quantum yields (ΔF⁄F_m') were more sensitive to Cu than their maximum quantum yields (F_v⁄F_m ). In Monoraphdium sp., Cu increase (3.4–7.4 nM Cu2+) increased photosynthesis, as recorded in the effective quantum yield (ΔF⁄F_m'), relative maximum electron transport rate (rETRm), saturation irradiance (Ek), and photochemical quenching (qP and qL). The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and PSII antenna size of Monoraphidium sp. increased in high Cu. Monoraphidium sp. also had the lowest photoinhibition (β) under high irradiance across all Cu exposures. The primary productivity of Monoraphidium sp. was unaltered in low Cu (1.7–21.4 nM Cu2+), but reduced by high Cu (589.0 nM Cu2+). Cu-elicited hormetic responses were seen in lipids content in C. chlorastera, and in photosynthesis in Monoraphidium sp. These findings show that depending on the species and concentration, Cu can stimulate biomolecules accumulation and increase photosynthesis in microalgae, without reducing growth.
Juventude negra, subjetividade, ensino médio e mercado de trabalho, um levantamento bibliográfico das publicações entre os anos 2000 e 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-28)
Evangelista, Noely Thais
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6570009279752265
That research purpose to map studies on black youth, high school, and the job market. Based on the limits imposed by the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, this research is characterized as a bibliographic study on the subject adopted in Brazilian research with a cut between the years 2000 and 2020. The texts were selected to identify an intersection between the themes, totaling 44 theses, dissertations, and articles. The BDTD and Scielo databases were analyzed to locate and explore the writings on the subject considered changes in the country's social and formative structures. The study on education and education goes beyond the training processes in High School integrated to the perception of young blacks and blacks as possibilities in the face of their expectations about the job market. However, there is a reflection on issues that can be thought about individuals, without a school of work that considers their subjectivity and without job prospects that consider their subjectivity and without work prospects after the day of reproduction going and without work prospects future of denial and naturalization of this context of inequalities.
Repensando o negro no debate da formação social brasileira: a contribuição de Joel Rufino dos Santos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-28)
Martins, Jonas Lara
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6901130329855417
The work of Joel Rufino dos Santos contains an important reflection on the contemporary world, emphasizing a new version of Brazilian history in the midst of the consolidation of industrial society in Brazil, a moment when intellectuals debated the theme of the national project and acted in full process of implementation and routinization of the social sciences in Brazil, privileging different themes and problems along this trajectory. The schedule of issues analyzed by Rufino is anchored in the trajectory of racial exclusion long rooted in the Brazilian tradition, under multiple aspects. Although Joel Rufino do Santos' work is extensive and deals with a complex thematic schedule, this work intends to analyze the author's intellectual thinking on two points: the first, closer in nature to the debate on social thought and interpretations about Brazil, will focus on a critique and review of the history of Brazilian education and the role of black people in it; the second will deal with the trajectory of Joel Rufino dos Santos. In the end, it is intended to give visibility to the thought of this black intellectual in whose agenda of reflection important themes are found for the understanding of how the racial question, the theme of subjectivity, and the sociopolitical dimension of blacks are articulated with national formation (yesterday and today).
Esgoto doméstico tratado como fonte de água e nutrientes no cultivo em substrato do morangueiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-28)
Lopes, Mariano Vieira dos Santos de Souza
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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Souza, Claudinei Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433
The disproportionate distribution of natural resources and the demand for water and nutrients in agricultural systems make it important to search for alternative sources for irrigation. Thus, a mitigating measure that has been disseminated is the use of treated domestic sewage in agriculture, in addition to providing water for agricultural crops, can ensure increased production due to the contribution of nutrients and organic matter. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of the cultivation technique, productivity and quality of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) San Andréas obtained in cultivation with substrate, using solution from treated domestic sewage with and without the addition of mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse, in which strawberry plants were grown in a system with Styrofoam troughs filled with coconut fiber substrate. The three types of treatments: (TA) drinking water plus mineral fertilizers, (TRA) treated domestic sewage supplemented with mineral fertilizers, and (TR) treated domestic sewage only were experimentally designed in randomized block design. Quantitative results were evaluated using analysis of variance and followed by the Shapiro-Wilk test and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. The experimental results showed that the use of treated domestic sewage as the only source of water and nutrients (TR), resulted in plants with low productivity and commercial fruit quality. The productivity and quality of the fruits such as number of fruits, length, diameter, fresh mass and total soluble solids, produced with the TRA solution was statistically similar to the conventional growing system (TA), demonstrating the phytotechnical feasibility of using treated sewage water. The substrate culture technique also proved to be safe, with no reported contamination of the fruits by Escherichia coli bacteria. The use of treated domestic wastewater promoted savings of 13.1% mineral fertilizers and approximately 4500 L of drinking water during the entire cultivation cycle. With these results, it is concluded that the use of treated household wastewater as a source of water and nutrients in substrate cultivation presents feasibility in productivity and fruit quality of strawberry without compromising food safety.
Só a água sustenta o nosso peso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-01)
Miranda, Camila Fontenele de
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Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9556188934690959
Although the efforts of researchers in the fat studies in the west, especially nowadays, these studies are often reduced to findings only on health and beauty, hiding a colonial and imperial heritage. It is concealed that the hatred on fatness in the west, later in the Americas, is related to the readings that Europeans had about non-western peoples, especially Africans. Though the belly of the European bourgeois coexists in this historicizing, where a “positive image” of fatness was merely projected and a certain privilege for those who had it, even though there were many reservations, adiposity quickly came to be understood as a flaw (something morally wrong) until its effective pathologization. Therefore, the development of anti-fatness politics that go hand in hand with anti-blackness politics. That's because the colonial imagination, heritage from the era of navigation abroad conducted by travelers, ethnographers, doctors, artists, and anthropologists, was (and still is) updated, distorting the perspective of a body that exists beyond dichotomies. It is ignored that grease is an ambiguous and complex substance since the power fictions in the civilizing project of the body conjugates it in a single tense: the past. In other words, the existence of fatness needs to be exterminated due to an ideal of a human being of a certain color situated in a measured up to nation. Hence, this multispecies/interspecies research permeates the questioning and tensioning of the power fictions in which we are inserted. Consequently, if the fat body is a life to be annihilated, how can we reimagine our presence? If grease is ambiguous in understanding and form, would we be able to shape futures through it? Would it be possible to radically imagine the fat body through whales? Although resorting to the theoretical-methodological framework proposed by the feminist theorists Donna Haraway, in Speculative Fabulation, and Gloria Anzaldúa, in Nepantla, to conjecture possibilities in the face of these questions, the procedures that cross this research are outlines of slippery practices, informed by the blue and black writings that intersect the intimacy of marine mammals and fat people. Thus, given the impossibility of synthesis, this investigation shows that scrutinizing the body is never a linear process, much less an individual one. Finally, when stating that only water sustains our ponderosity, it is suggested that this “support” is understood beyond the gesture of displacing the fat body in the water, above all, it connects with the return of being mammalian, wild, and aquatic, even inhabiting the terrestrial environment for a longer time.
Tradução e adaptação cultural de escalas de ansiedade relacionadas à COVID-19 para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-02)
Ferreira, Layana Giselly Silva
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Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9014776276894471
Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) and has as main symptoms fever, tiredness and dry cough. With high transmissibility, dizzying increase in the number of cases and clinical severity, it is impossible to disregard its psychological effects, such as anxiety. In this context, the use of instruments that measure anxiety related to COVID-19 is relevant, in a reliable and valid way. Chandu et al. (2020) constructed the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) in India and Riad et al. (2020) developed the COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) in the Czech Republic, both to measure COVID-19-related anxiety. The translation and cultural adaptation of CAS and CIAS for use in Brazil is important, since it will contribute to the future instrumentalization of health professionals in clinical practice and research. The objective of this study was to carry out the translation and cultural adaptation of CAS and CIAS to Brazil. This is a cross-sectional and methodological study, which followed the initial translation stages, translation synthesis, back translation, review by an expert committee and pre-test. All ethical precepts will be respected. The initial translation stage of CAS and CIAS, from English to Brazilian Portuguese, was performed by two independent translators. Then, the consensual version of the scales was established, which were translated back into the original language by a third translator. Subsequently, the revision of the versions of the CAS and CIAS was carried out by a committee composed of eight experts, who carefully analyzed all items of the scales, adapting two items of the CAS and three items of the CIAS, obtained the pre-final version of the scales that in Brazilian Portuguese received the name of Anxiety Scale of COVID-19 and Anxiety Scale Induced by COVID-19. Then, the pre-test was carried out with 47 people, the majority being female (63.8%), of mixed ethnicity (48.9%), single (55.3%), Catholic (42.4%), with mean age and schooling of 33.53 years and 10.76 years, respectively. The percentage of anxious participants related to COVID-19 was (51.1%) and (40.4%), according to the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale and the COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale, respectively. The respondents considered the scales clear and understandable. Therefore, it is concluded that the Brazilian version of the CAS and the CIAS is translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian context. It is expected to develop in the future the analysis of the psychometric properties of the scales, in order to make them available for use in Brazil.
Desafios metodológicos em pesquisa no Instagram durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-02)
Vasques, Eduardo Gomes
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Melo, Teresa Mary Pires de Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0960053614310334
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Martins, Dalton Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3774617443225038
The emergence and exponential growth of a new virus with deadly potential around the world caused a series of changes in the forms of relationship between people and in the perspectives they have of the world. The coronavirus pandemic led public and private institutions to encourage physical and social isolation, a movement that amplified the adoption of information and communication technologies from March 2020 in Brazil. In this context, our proposal emerged to analyze the exposure of individuals within this specific relational scenario of a platform: Instagram. In the deepening and immersion in the subject, however, new discoveries provoked a displacement in the investigation route and presented a new way to develop the research. Especially regarding the methodological aspects used to carry out studies on this platform. For this reason, we started to address the technical and legal challenges imposed that put the collection and processing of data in these platforms in check from many obstacles that come up, still in ethical and regulatory characteristics. We found many obstacles, such as barriers imposed by the terms of use of the platform, as well as inconsistencies or gaps in the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) that either make it unfeasible or compromise the integrity of the investigation due to information governance aspects. We also propose a roadmap that can help researchers of digital social networks in general and not just Instagram.
Relação entre comportamento governado por regras e indicadores de depressão em estudantes universitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-02)
Basaglia, Marina Aoki
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Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9138713538429865
A verbal instruction that describes a contingency is considered, for Behavior Analysis, as a rule, which can exert control over a person's behavior. A rule can be followed for different reasons, that is, different variables can control rule-governed behavior. When someone behaves according to what is described by the rule, depending on the described consequence, it is tracking. On the other hand, when someone behaves in accordance with the rule due to the issuer of the rule (that is, under control of social consequences), it is pliance. Behavior learned from following rules has the advantage of being acquired more quickly than being solely under the control of contingencies. However, it is not always possible to get reinforcement by following a rule. The imbalance between rule-following behavior can generate a series of avertive events, which may be related to depression. Considering that the data presented in the literature on the relationship between rule-following behavior and depression are still inconsistent, the aim of this study is to verify whether the severity of depression symptoms can influence the likelihood of rule-following behavior even if they become inconsistent, as well as possible variables that may interact with symptoms and affect the probability of following rules, even if discrepant. 17 female university students participated in this study. To verify the possibility of depressive symptoms, the PROMIS II Depression was used. 8 participants had high indicators of depressive symptoms, and 9 participants had low indicators. Participants were further divided into tracking, pliance with monitoring and pliance without monitoring groups. The experiment consisted of a task that used the PsychoPy software, and took place remotely. When starting the task, each participant was instructed to choose, among two figures that appeared on the screen, a figure equal to the model if a green circle appeared, or a different figure if a red circle appeared. Each correct answer was signaled with an addition of points on the scoreboard that appeared on the screen and with the sound of clapping. Incorrect answers were signaled with the sound of a horn and withdrawal of points. The task was divided into Pre-Training, Phase 1 of Training and Phase 2 of Training, the latter being divided into 4 blocks of 20 attempts each, without signaling that there was a block change. The second and fourth blocks had contrary contingencies in relation to the instruction provided at the beginning of the experiment. The results pointed to a tendency for participants with high indicators of depression symptoms to change their response when the rule stopped working. It was also observed that in the pliance condition these participants changed their response more quickly compared to the tracking condition, which may indicate a possible control exercised by the social agent.
Estudo da ação antimicrobiana de Ga(NO3)3 em cepas bacterianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-03)
Assis, Amanda Stefanie Jabur de
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3438650971860266
According to the World Health Organization in 2020, from all hospitalized patients, a share of cases are infections acquired in a hospital environment due to invasive procedures. For decades, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains have been reported as the main cause of hospital infections. In this way, these microorganisms have developed resistance to various medications over time, reducing the diversity of means to contain their action, highlighting the importance of developing new alternatives with antimicrobial properties. Thus, the use of gallium (Ga3+), which causes harmful effects to bacterial activities due to its characteristics and physicochemical properties similar to those of iron (Fe3+), leads to the possibility to regulate the growth of both planktonic forms and biofilms. Therefore, due to the antimicrobial potential of Ga3+ compounds, this work has performed serial microdilution tests in order to identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) capable of reducing the growth of representative strains of E. coli and S. aureus. It was possible to verify a reduction in the growth of these microorganisms at 11.25 μM and 1.40 μM of gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3), respectively. Thus, the concentrations obtained in this work were able to reduce 50% of the growth of tested microorganisms. This result showed that minor concentrations of Ga(NO3)3 were sufficient against nosocomial pathogens cultures when compared to the literature data.
Produção integrada de etanol de cana-de-açúcar e milho em usinas flex: simulação e análises tecno-econômica e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-03)
Oliveira, Luiza Stolte Bezerra Lisbôa de
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5653079460114658
Liquid biofuels are important alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, not only environmentally, but also socially and from an energy security standpoint. Brazil has a consolidated infrastructure for the production, distribution, and commercialization of biofuels, in particular ethanol. Even though sugarcane has been the main raw material used for ethanol production for years, the processing of corn for ethanol production has been experiencing a rapid growth, especially in the Center-West region. This project evaluated the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of corn ethanol production integrated to a standalone sugarcane ethanol distillery (called flex plant). The standalone distillery processes 4 million tons of sugarcane in the harvest season, and one scenario considers cogeneration from sugarcane straw during the off-season. Two scenarios for corn ethanol production were studied: conventional (sequential liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation) and simultaneous (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of non-liquefied starch), each processing about 246 and 208 thousand tons of corn in the off-season. The process simulator Aspen Plus was used to estimate capital costs and process yields. The incremental capital cost for the flex plants was 53,8 and 52,9 million dollars for the conventional and simultaneous scenarios, respectively, and the increase in anhydrous ethanol production, relative to the amount produced in the harvest season from sugarcane, was 25,2 and 21,3%. The NPV (Net Present Value) of the flex plants was 86,1 and 63,9 million dollars, following an incremental approach. However, the Maximum Purchase Price for Corn (MPPC) was around 58 R$/60kg, which is lower than the price in Mato Grosso for February 2022 (75 R$/60kg). The risk analysis indicated that the probability of profitability for the incremental flex plants is around 68%. The open software OpenLCA was used to perform the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The incorporation of corn ethanol production increased the impact in the global warming category by 6% (from 0,533 to 0,564 kg CO2 eq/kg ethanol), relative to the value obtained for the standalone distillery with cogeneration from straw. In addition, the impact on the freshwater ecotoxicity category was 6 to 7 times greater for the flex scenarios than for the standalone distillery, due to the high application of pesticides during corn cultivation. This suggests that improvements to this impact category should be made at the agricultural level.
Avaliação ecotoxicológica das águas do Rio Pirajibú por análises de biomarcadores em girinos de rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-03)
Silva, Fábio Henrique da
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Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7233550271936621
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
In Sorocaba/SP, the Pirajibú river courses the industrial zone of the city, and receives the effluents discharge from several companies. This river is classified as class 2, according to the criteria defined by Brazilian environmental law (CONAMA nº 357/2005), and State of Sao Paulo environmental law (Decree nº 8468/1976). The classification, appearance and characteristics, indicates that Pirajibú water does not result in mortality to aquatic organisms, however, the sublethal or toxicological effects have not been studied yet. Considering this gap, the present study aimed to promote an ecotoxicological and water quality assessment of the Pirajibú river. To perform it, water collections were carried out in the river at upstream and downstream from the industrial zone. The water samples were subjected to analysis of physicochemical parameters. The ecotoxicological tests were carried out through the analysis of biomarkers in the liver of bullfrog tadpoles, exposed for 96 hours to the waters of the Pirajibú river. The biomarkers analyzed include reduced glutathione (GSH - tripeptide), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the metabolites glucose, proteins and triglycerides. The metals and other physical chemical analyzes, indicated that the downstream of the industrial zone has a lower quality than the upstream point. Regarding the biomarkers analysis, the activity of the GPx enzyme was significantly lower in the upstream group (6.94 ± 0.99 nmol Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate - NADPH / min / mg protein) compared to the control (14.11± 4.88 nmol NADPH / min / mg protein), while GST had significantly higher activity in the downstream group (53.674 ± 11.47 nmol Tioéter / min / mg protein) compared to the control group (36.42 ± 7.98 nmol of nmol Tioéter / min / mg protein). In reference to others biomarkers, no significant changes were observed between the control organisms and those exposed to the waters of the Pirajibú river. This result demonstrated that exposure for 96 hours was not able to change most of the biomarkers evaluated, but not enough to rule out the potential of the waters of this river provide oxidative stress, and other sublethal effects in bullfrog tadpoles.
Estrutura da paisagem agrícola e relevo no contexto da conectividade florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Soares, Fabiana da Silva
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Morales, Milton Vinicius
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3489124504372716
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
Forest fragmentation, as a result of anthropic activities such as urbanization and agriculture, negatively impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services, threatening the connectivity of the landscape, whether structural or functional. Understanding the landscape structure and connectivity by focusing on forest fragments under the influence of relief is the objective of this study. To this end, we combined landscape ecology metrics, the index of Connectivity Probability (through Graph Theory) with the relief, through Digital Terrain Model (DTM), in the sub-basin of the Pirapora River. The characterization of the structure presented a landscape of agricultural matrix with high vegetation cover, predominantly wavy to strongly wavy relief, large fragments in the upstream and mouth of the sub-basin, close together and with complex shapes. When inserting the relief element, there were more significant differences in the metrics when the slope class is undulating and strongly undulating, especially in the metrics related to area and distance from the nearest neighbor. The functional connectivity of the landscape showed a high probability of connectivity, either in the ecological network or in its spatial potential and the relief impacted directly, making it more costly for the flow and maintenance of species in the fragments. In this context, it is necessary to explore the combination of landscape ecology metrics, connectivity indices, and relief at different scales and methods to better understand the landscape and its phenomena. In addition to actions for conservation and preservation of forest fragments mainly in the agricultural matrix, along riparian zones and small fragments (more fragile), that is, in territorial planning with a focus on forest preservation.
Seleção e caracterização molecular e fermentativa de leveduras personalizadas para a produção de vinhos brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Novaes, Hosana Ribeiro de
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0537497035369247
Brazilian wine production has been standing out with high quality awarded wines around the world. However, major changes are still needed so that our country can compete with other wineries in the world. Among them, we can highlight the use of selected yeasts adapted to grapes planted in Brazilian soil. So that they can, in addition to metabolizing the sugars present in the grapes, produce primary and secondary metabolic compounds crucial for the elaboration of a typical premium quality wine. In the Brazilian market there are only commercial yeast strains acquired from international suppliers, due to Brazil does not have this resource. The use of these commercial yeasts in the winemaking process does not provide the wine with its own organoleptic characteristics, since these strains, because they are not selected on Brazilian soil, do not have the adapted metabolic pathways necessary to increase the typicality of local wines. Observing this scenario, the present project followed the dynamics of microorganisms during 3 harvests/production both in the vines and during the fermentation process, in a winery in the region of Amparo-SP, aiming at the selection of native yeasts to act as initiators (starters) in the fermentation process. A similar process was carried out on a laboratory scale in January 2019 using the must grape that was being vinified at the winery in order to compare both fermentation processes. Through this monitoring, we isolated 406 yeasts from both processes, being 347 non-Saccharomyces yeasts that, after sequencing the ITS region, we identified that they were distributed in 23 different species and 65 Saccharomyces. When performing genotyping analyzes on these isolated Saccharomyces strains, 5 they were shown to be different from each other and also different from the commercial strains commonly used for wine production in Brazil. Therefore, they are new isolated strains. The other strains showed the same amplification profile of the commercial strains and the 5 new identified strains. The analyses also verified that the isolated Saccharomyces strains isolated in the winery environment actively participated in the fermentation process. These new strains were submitted to physiological analyzes to verify their capacity and performance in wine production. In all analyzes realized, they showed performance equal to or superior to that of commercial strains. These strains would already be naturally more adapted to the fermentation process and could bring peculiar characteristics to the production of wines, contributing to the elaboration of a distinct drink. In addition, an understanding of the yeast microbiota present both in the winery and in the fermentation process can help to better understand the succession dynamics of these microorganisms, being an important element in the characterization of the national wine’s terroir, thus preserving its historical identity, quality and geographical origin.
A neurociência aplicada à educação especial: em foco a formação dos professores do atendimento educacional especializado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Borges, Angelita Salomão Muzeti
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3473031642650592
Historically, Special Education has been presented in different arrangements, carried out in different places, with different purposes in terms of care for students with disabilities. Such arrangements were intertwined with socially constructed conceptions of disability, presenting different approaches, which influenced in social, cognitive and psychological development of these students. In contemporary times, education follows international aspirations stated in international movements for human rights which, in Brazil, resulted in the proposal of the National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education in 2008, which proposed Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) as support for educational inclusion of students with disabilities in the regular school system. In this context, specialist teachers in Special Education who perform AEE assume an important role in educational inclusion of these students, deserving special attention with regard to their continuing education. In this way, it is important for these teachers to understand the brain processes of learning pointed out by Neuroscience, which can facilitate and optimize this process, in the development of skills or resources, enabling the conscious choice of the best didactic-pedagogical strategy, aiming at cognitive and psychosocial development of students. Therefore, Neuroscience states the importance of the richness of stimuli found in the varied environment of regular school, correlating learning with the need for frequent adaptability. It also presents the four facilitating supports of learning that are exercised by the development of executive functions, which make neuroscientific knowledge important for pedagogical performance in AEE. The present research, configured as exploratory and qualitative, concerns in action research carried out in a municipal education network located in the northeast of São Paulo State and aimed to analyze the possibilities of a training course with AEE teachers, develop the theoretical construction and expand pedagogical strategies based on the principles of Neuroscience. As part of the action research, a continuing education course was applied in 2021 to professionals specializing in Special Education, with twelve teachers from the multifunctional resource rooms who perform the AEE. During the course, open questionnaires were used through Google forms, in order to verify previous knowledge of the participants, as well as the learning that took place during the continuing education course. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the course took place through Google Meet using training moments in synchronous and asynchronous setup. The results derived from the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2004) in which they pointed out that the participants expanded their knowledge about neuroscience and its contributions to the learning of students with disabilities, expanding the possibilities of didactic-pedagogical strategies as interventional actions for fundamental development of students. During the course, they also expanded the reflections on neuroscientific elements of learning, attributing importance to the development of the supports pointed out by Neuroscience, and considerably adding to the understanding of the development of executive functions and the neurobiological modification that occurred in the learning process.
Pacto agrário brasileiro: trajetórias, dilemas e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Alexandre, Leone Santos
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1745989811382075
This monograph aims to analyze the agrarian issue under the locus of the agrarian pact, in a timeframe that includes the coming to power of Getúlio Vargas, in 1930, until more contemporary developments of the government of Jair Bolsonaro, in 2020, so as to cover 90 years of struggle for land and (re)arrangements in maintaining the large rural property as the main scenario in the countryside. We engage in a dialogue with extensive literature in the fields of political science, sociology, and economics, thus seeking to bring different interpretations regarding the conceptualization of the Brazilian agrarian pact. In this sense, what is addressed in this work is one of the most intrinsic elements of the agrarian issue, namely: the continuous transfiguration of the lethargic large property, in different periods of national history, to technical and economic conceptions of modernity, while maintaining the unequal land ownership structure and against public policies for agrarian reform. Finally, the intention is to explore the theme of the agrarian pact with a temporal amplitude capable of painting, in a vast context, the current immobility in the transformations imposed on the rural areas, as a rule, made from the top down.
Construção de reator de plasma frio para aplicações de filmes finos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Pinto, Henrique Moreira
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Cirino, Giuseppe Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4223181147426711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1892830156898660
It is about the construction of a sputtering system, through the use of a cold plasma reactor, for the deposition of metallic thin films. Basically, this system works by ejecting atoms from a material (target) by the bombardment of argon ions. This process occurs through the ionization of Argon gas, which has its ions accelerated towards the target and when they collide with the material, ejection occurs, and these separate atoms are deposited on the substrate, forming a thin film of this material. The process for applying metallic thin films through sputtering is used in several areas, such as industrial use, for beautifying and coating parts, food packaging, jewelry, photovoltaic applications and academic research. The construction was made with components found on the market, taken from other electronic equipment, vacuum system and machined parts. The use of this experience can be applied in several areas, and the object of study for this case is to characterize the deposition equipment through the relationship between the thickness of the deposited thin film and deposition time. In addition, the ohmic resistance and the uniformity rate of the deposited material (relationship thickness and distance from the center of the anode) were also characterized. Due to the characterization of the equipment, several other characterizations can be made, such as through analysis of the purity and structure of the generated film, in addition to comparing the equipment in terms of deposition rate and others of interest, being able to use it by laboratories within and outside the University, because the rack that holds the reactor, despite being robust, has wheels at its base, allowing it to be transported with care.
Adaptação transcultural do programa iSupport para cuidadores familiares de pessoas que vivem com demência para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Monteiro, Diana Quirino
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119
iSupport, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an online tool that aims to increase access to mental health support for caregivers of people living with dementia. The objective of this study was to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the generic version of the WHO iSupport program for the Brazilian context. For this, two articles were developed: (1) iSupport-Brasil: Cross-cultural adaptation of the content of the iSupport program for people living with dementia; and (2) iSupport-Brasil: Preliminary results of usability and acceptability assessment by caregivers of people living with dementia. In the first one, the content was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by a professional translator trained in Psychology, with mastery of the original language of the content (English), and, after reviewing the material by the researchers, focus groups were held to analyze the content. translated. Participants were 24 family caregivers of people living with dementia and 24 health and aging professionals from three Brazilian regions. Participants were given access to a portion of the iSupport material for review. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and September 2019. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in full for further analysis. The proposed changes mainly referred to terms and actions that are common in Brazilian culture and that better represent the routine of caregivers. All suggestions were forwarded and approved by WHO. The second article was carried out in two stages. In step 1, the usability of the iSupport-Brasil online platform was evaluated by nine (former) family caregivers of people with dementia, using a self-administered online questionnaire about their perceptions of the platform's interface. The evaluation of the performance of tasks in the interface showed that most caregivers reported that the system has a user-friendly interface, assigning maximum grade (5 points) both to the system (55.6% of caregivers) and to the relevance of the system's content (77.8% of caregivers). In step 2, ten family caregivers of people with dementia answered self-administered online questionnaires about the perception and acceptability of the system, in addition to the System Usability Scale (SUS). Most caregivers indicated good levels of satisfaction and usefulness of the program, with 60.0% being very satisfied and 80.0% being very useful. Regarding acceptability, they indicated the program as very useful (80.0%), would recommend it to other caregivers (100.0%) and indicated a preference for doing the program in the online format. The SUS total score was 86.5 (±11.5) suggesting an excellent perception of the program's usability. From the suggestions of the participants, improvements were made to the program in relation to: style, aesthetics and functional requirements such as lack of feedback after answering the interface questions. It is hoped that the procedures adopted in this research can help in the cross-cultural adaptation of iSupport for use in other countries. As a product of this research, the interface of the iSupport-BR program is updated and ready to assess the effects of this intervention on the mental health of family caregivers of people living with dementia.
Fertirrigação em pessegueiro nas cultivares "Aurora" e "Fascínio"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Carvalho, Thaila Priscilane de
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Nassif, Daniel Silveira Pinto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2969535606899836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4696546070348066
Fertigation is a technology that consists of the application of fertilizers via irrigation water, making nutrients available in a more assimilable way for the plant. This method is recognized for minimizing nutrient losses through leaching or volatilization. In the production of fruit species in temperate climates, there is a growing investment in this technology, given the benefits provided for the development of the plant and the fruit. In this sense, the research sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying fertilizers via irrigation water in the vegetative development of peach cultivars "Aurora" and "Fascínio" in an orchard implanted for two years. In this study, the use of urea as a source of nitrogen and potassium chloride as a source of potassium was addressed. The amount of nutrients was calculated through chemical soil analysis. The method of Penman-Monteith FAO – 56 was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The calculation of the water requirement required by the crop was obtained through the crop coefficient (Kc). Through the results obtained, it was verified that fertigation did not show an effective response for the cultivars, in relation to the other analyzed treatments.
Estudo ab initio das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas de óxidos de tungstênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Neto, Arquiminio Bomfim da Silva
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Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3083
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0476510821617091
In the last two decades, tungsten oxide (WO3) has been a target of the scientific and technological interest community due to its optical and magnetic properties, which finds important applications such as sensors, electrochromic devices, protective layers against chemical attacks, photonics, hydrogen generation, among others. Owing to the need to understand and improve the properties of this class of material, it is essential to describe the electronic and structural behavior of these materials. By using one of the most successful protocols for solving the Schrödinger equation, the “Density Functional Theory”, this study focuses on the study of the structural and electronic properties of the cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic phases of tungsten oxide in order to provide fundamental insights into the understanding of the material.
Orgulho de ser leitor: uma análise discursiva do que enunciam jovens leitores sobre si e sobre a leitura em postagens na rede social SKOOB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-04)
Silva, Andrei Cezar da
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Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7913540199555836
This work, as well as other research conducted by LIRE - Laboratório de Estudos da Leitura (CNPq-UFSCar), aims to analyze discourses on reading and to comprehend representations of this practice shared by different communities of readers. It is part of the project currently coordinated by our supervisor, entitled “Proud readers, ashamed readers: emotions in discourses on reading”, whose goal is to deduce, through the analysis of discourses on reading, the expression of emotions, also defined by the “order of discourse”, as regular forms of arguing, as a relatively protocol duty/power when talking about a particular practice or the subjects that undertake it. In this dissertation, we present the results of our research, which consisted in the survey, description and analysis of very peculiar statements: comments from young readers in which they expressed “pride” of reading, pride of being a reader. To do this, we constituted a corpus of statements from posts by young internet users registered in the social network SKOOB, self-declared as the “largest social network of readers in Brazil”. In their comments about works already read or that they still intend to read, they present evaluations of the works, authors and genres, establish relationships with other readers, and talk about themselves as readers. What is enunciated about reading in these posts interests us to the extent that what is enunciated echoes consensual collective representations that these young people, as well as all of us, subjects of the same time and space, share about this practice. From the analysis of what these young people say, we deduce the ways they use to present/recognize themselves as readers and what discourses about reading these forms of self-representation go back to, focusing on those statements in which there is the enunciation, direct or indirect, of “pride” (or pride as its effect) related to the reading condition. In order to identify probable continuities and/or discontinuities in the discourses about reading that circulate among us today, as well as to describe regularities and variations in the representations of “pride” regarding this practice, among this specific segment of the reading public, we subsidize our analysis on principles of Discourse Analysis, the Cultural History of reading and the History of sensibilities/emotions. As we have observed, the forms of enunciation of juvenile reader “pride” respond to certain historically validated and hegemonic reading protocols about the reading condition. Among the forms of expression of reading-related 'pride', one of them concerns the actualization of the representation that to be a reader is to read a lot and always, be it the same work, repeatedly, or several distinct works, simultaneously and sequentially.