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Suscetibilidade a processos erosivos lineares apoiada em análise estatística multivariada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Neves, Monique de Paula; Lollo, José Augusto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1699155238483028
The present study aims to evaluated erosion susceptibility using multivariate analysis. The study area is Ribeirão do Meio watershed situated in São Pedro (SP). Gully erosion is an active and complex process in this watershed. In this study, gully erosion were investigated over 50 years, using aerial photographs for the years: 1960, 1972, 1988 and 2010. The procedures of the current study were developed in four main stepes: preparation of the erosion inventory; spatial analysis through GIS to obtain topographical and hydrological parameters; determination of topographic threshold (SxA) to obtain the gully initiations conditions; logistic regression (LR) analysis to evaluate the erosion susceptibility. The results showed that the logistic regression had overall fit and accuracy acceptable. Thus, these models were used to prepare erosion susceptibility maps. According to the results, the conditioning factors mainly were soil and sediments, slope, flow accumulation, rainfall erosivity and land use. The results also revealed that the map obtained is acceptable and indicated satisfactorily the erosion-prone areas. The susceptibility maps can represent an important tool for regional managers or planners. Finally, the procedures that were used, in terms of developing the logistic regression model was efficient and can be used other assessment of gully erosion.
Desempenho da cultura da soja na microbacia do Alto do Paranapanema baseado em modelagem de culturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Moreira, Robson Rodrigues; Nassif, Daniel Silveira Pinto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2969535606899836; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6999338364828129
The soybean crop (Glycine max L.) is the main agricultural economic crop in Brazil. In 2018/2019 harvest it reached almost 114million of tons. Due to the physicochemical characteristics of the grains, it is widely used in human food, especially animals. However environmental variables and crop management are factors that can limit crop yield. Thus, technologies can help to increase crop yield, such as irrigation, different sowing periods and crop models tools. The region of interest, the upper Paranapanema micro basin, lacks data on crop yield in the agricultural sector, using generic indications from the state of São Paulo. Therefore, this proposal aims to evaluate soybean crop yield according to the different sowing dates, irrigation management and different sites based on DSSAT Cropgro-soybean crop model using 12 weather databases from different sites in the micro basin. These will be used to found potential crop yield for each site from 2009 to 2019 harvests. It was analyzed, in order to consider 12 different sites, 8 sowing dates and 6 water depths with available water capacity (CAD) parameter in the soil. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey, which were mapped and georeferenced on the region map. The average yield achievable was 2540 kg ha-1, with the municipality of Apiaí being the most efficient with 64.7%. The irrigation depth of 100% of the CAD was more efficient, as well as the sowing between the months of September and December, with an average of 2600 kg ha-1.
Um estudo sobre a mobilidade ativa de idosos em uma cidade de porte médio a partir da abordagem socioecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Bernal, Luciana Mação; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6245633021120476
The elderly population is increasing in Brazil and worldwide, highlighting the need for cities to prepare to welcome this population, guaranteeing them the quality of their mobility in a safe and autonomously way. This research aims to study the active mobility of the elderly in a medium-sized city based on a socioecological approach. This approach suggests verifying multiple levels of influence in the individual's relationship with the environment they are living in. For this study, four levels of influence were selected: individual, social, physical environment, and public policies. In other words, this study aims to identify factors that influence the active mobility of the elderly and to assess the perception of these individuals regarding each one of these factors. Furthermore, the study aims to analyze the importance of socioecological levels in the active mobility of the elderly. To achieve this, the most cited factors in the literature were selected and classified according to their respective socioecological level. After this stage, a questionnaire was developed and later applied in the city of São Carlos – SP, to assess the perception of the elderly to these selected factors. As a result, it was observed that at the individual level most of the elderly showed a positive attitude towards walking, demonstrating affinity with the practice. However, effectively, most of the elderly were classified as non-active individuals (walking less than 150 minutes a week). The social level indicated, in general, that support received from family and friends is neutral to encourage walking. Considering each factor in the social levels individually, family tends to encourage the elderly to walk more than encouragement from friends. The level of the physical environment of the neighborhood was also evaluated as neutral. Although factors such as the quality of sidewalks, aesthetics (eg. no weeds, garbage, etc.), and safety (eg. fear of being robbed or assaulted) were evaluated as bad, discouraging walking, factors such as mixed land-use and alternative paths acted as practice motivators. Regarding the political level, the elderly believe that public administration does not adequately maintain sidewalks and public spaces planned for pedestrians. Lastly, after evaluating the perception of the respondents, the binary logistic regression model was calibrated to verify which levels were most relevant for the elderly to be active, and from their results, a sensitivity analysis was performed to graphically represent the results obtained. It was observed that the most relevant level was the physical environment, followed by the individual level (represented by attitude) and social support level. The political level was not statistically significant in the regression model. In conclusion, understanding influence levels and verifying their importance is a starting point that allows city managers to plan their cities with a macro view. They can initially focus where intervention is most needed and, considering the elderly perception about factors corresponding to each level, it is possible to individually verify which one’s act as a barrier or stimulus, fostering information that makes it possible to create measures to encourage the active mobility of the elderly.
A música no trabalho pedagógico com a criança com transtorno do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Souza, Júlia Braga Rodolfo de; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6137243361850944
The work addresses the theme of music in the life of the autistic child, having as a principle the child as a subject of rights, bearer of history, capable of multiple relationships, affected by culture and producer of its own cultural forms, who plays, interacts and researches in contexts of which he or she is a part. This point of view considers that all children and their multiple childhoods have an equal right to exist and live in a pleasant way. The objective of the research is to investigate whether music is able to assist in the pedagogical development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), adopting the notion that the child is not dissociated from music, one of the expressive languages that constitutes his/her daily experiences, not just at school. It was found that ASD children have the right to music at school as art and play and, for that, there is a need for deeper teacher preparation on autism and on music education for the construction of a creative and democratic Early Childhood Education.
Elaboração e análise de indicadores de educação ambiental para a conservação da biodiversidade mediada pela tecnologia no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Santos, Milena Ricco dos; Valenti, Mayla Willik Roese; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3372580099450528; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8663856768399783
This research considered the still unexplored potential when articulating the principles and guidelines of environmental education for the conservation of biodiversity to the use of technology in conservation units. Thus, with the lack of practical instruments for environmental educators to evaluate educational processes in non-formal education spaces, the main objective of this research was to elaborate, test and analyze the use of environmental education indicators for the context of an environmental education mediated by the use of a mobile application in a conservation unit with a large flow of visitors - the Iguaçu National Park (PNI). The research stages involve the elaboration of initial indicators based on bibliographic research; the validation process with professionals in the area; the different testing of collection methodologies (interviews, direct and dynamic observations); the application of the indicators in the field, in order to verify their viability and practicality in the context; the systematization of the data obtained; and the improvement of the initial indicators. The collected data were analyzed through Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) and supported conclusions on the feasibility and relevance of the proposed indicators. The results show that the collection methodologies may vary according to the context in which they will be applied, and in the present research and in the context of a pandemic, the collection became feasible through an online form and direct observations. The indicators are shown as an effective and practical evaluation tool for decision making and constant improvement of the analyzed technology. A final proposal of indicators was built so that in similar contexts they can be applied. In addition, the impact of technology on the educational process was analyzed through a cube analysis considering eight possible scenarios. Technology has a positive impact and can contribute to a better experience and connection with nature in non-formal education spaces.
SiMut: um framework automatizado para apoiar a redução do custo do teste de mutação com base em similaridade de programas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Guarnieri, Giovanni Francesco; Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8202174867891759
Context: Software testing is essential to ensure that the program actually correctly meets the user’s needs. Aware of the importance of this step, researchers have proposed several ways to identify program faults. Among the fault identification techniques, there is the mutation analysis criterion, or mutation testing, which has proven to be effective for fault identification, but, as it demands a high application cost, it is little efficient and hence avoided in the software industry. Given the potential of this criterion, researchers sought and presented ways to reduce the cost of mutation testing to make it more viable. However, as verified by several researchers, the results produced by cost reduction techniques for mutation testing applied in a program are valid only for the programs that were targeted in the performed experiments. Recently, some researchers, in their studies, have relied on the use of similarity between programs as a way to reuse experiences acquired in programs already tested with mutation testing. However, this is an approach that still lacks experiments using various forms of similarity. Objective: This work presents an implementation and evaluation of a framework called SiMut. This framework was introduced in a previous study with the aim of helping to reduce the cost of testing a program based on a group of similar programs previously tested with mutation. Methodology: The implementation presented in this work deals with programs written in the Java language and includes a set of variants that relate to three types of program abstractions (original source code, obfuscated source code, and internal complexity metrics), three similarity calculation strategies (clustering, distance functions between strings, and plagiarism) and a mutation cost reduction approach (inspired by Selective Mutation). The presented evaluation, using 35 small programs written in the Java language, covers 20 configurations varying the techniques of abstractions and similarities. Results: A cross-comparison involving the formed clusters and a comparison with randomly formed clusters points to configurations that tend to achieve high effectiveness in predicting the best mutation operators for programs not tested with mutation. Conclusions: Considering the configurations selected for the experiments, the results presented several combinations that are effective to predict the best mutation operators for untested programs, where the combinations that involved distance functions between strings stood out. Regarding the program abstractions used to calculate similarity, the original source code seems to be as relevant as the obfuscated source code and internal complexity metrics.
Síntese, caracterização e estudo catalítico de complexos miméticos das enzimas Nitrito Redutase e Anidrase Carbônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30) Ferreira, Millena Pereira; Rocha, Fillipe Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766; Marques Netto, Caterina Gruenwaldt Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8042236152815373; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0155295553035244
Metalloenzymes are efficient biological catalysts that inspire the creation of coordination compounds that mimic their active site. In this work, the synthesized complexes were inspired by two enzymes: Nitrite Reductase containing Copper (Cu-NiRs) and Carbonic Anhydrase. CuNiRs catalyze the nitrite reduction to nitric oxide, whereas the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase, acts on the hydration of CO2. Both of these enzymes contain the active site with the same binding environment “NNN”. Therefore, three new tridentate ligands were synthesized, which differ among them by the phenyl, n-butyl and n-propanol substituent groups. These ligands gave rise to the three Cu2+ complexes and three Zn2+ complexes mimetic of the Cu-NiRs and carbonic anhydrase enzymes, respectively. All complexes were characterized by microanalysis, FTIR, conductivity and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The copper complexes were also analyzed by EPR, whereas the zinc complexes were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Both classes of complex, Cu2+ and Zn2+, have the tridentate ligands coordinated to the metals forming pentacoordinate structures with two water molecules completing the coordination sphere. The catalytic activities were dependent on the different substituent groups of the ligands. In the catalytic tests with the copper complexes, it was observed that the NO2‾ coordinates in the bidentate form. After the addition of benzoic acid, EPR and UV-Vis spectroscopies indicate that the nitrite changes the coordination mode from κ2-ONO to κ1-NO2. Although all three copper complexes were able to reduce nitrite to NO both chemically and electrocatalytically, the most efficient catalyst was the one containing the n-propanol group in the second coordination sphere. Our analyses reveal that n-propanol is capable of transferring protons in a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism, aiding the reaction. For the carbonic anhydrase catalysis, all complexes were also able to hydrate CO2, and the complex with the n-propanol substituents showed a faster bicarbonate formation because its OH group helps in the coordinated water deprotonation step. Therefore, the complexes proved to be good enzyme mimetic catalysts.