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A percepção de ciência e a imagem do cientista de estudantes do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-09) Oliveira, Thais Pereira Rosinha de; Gebara, Maria José Fontana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9662947498782575
The present work investigated the perceptions of science and scientist of elementary school students, aged between 11 and 14 years old, registrated in public and private schools in a metropolitan of Southeats São Paulo. Acknowlege these perceptions allows us to understand how students see science, appropriate the contents of the discipline's classes, using them in their daily lives. In addition, understanding the image they have of the scientist can help to understand the reasons that get them closer to or far from the scientific career. For data collection, three forms were used, two aimed at the perception of science and one to the scientist's image. As for the science perception forms, both were prepared with questions taken and adapted from the international project The Relevance of Science Education (ROSE): a closed questionnaire, containing 23 statements on a Likert scale; and an open questionnaire, with 2 questions. The third instrument, an image questionnaire, allowed students to attribute physical characteristics, clothing, social and family behavior, to female and male scientists. In all, 132 students answered the three questionnaires, applied online, as the survey was carried out in a pandemic moment that required social distancing. The frequency distribution of responses was analyzed for the total number of students and for the subgroups defined by the student's gender; science teacher gender; and gender of the student and teacher. The general results showed that students have a positive view of science and the discipline's classes; also showed that they can relate the contents of Science classes with their daily lives. They believe that the population should be more concerned with environmental issues, a topic that arouses the interest of students, second only to health. The image of scientists shows evidence of stereotypes that have been perpetuated by different media. In the subgroups, the girls considered the science subject more difficult than the boys, and the students, in general, agreed that it is more difficult to learn science with your male teachers, pointing out gender differences in the answers.
Otimização do processo de segundo aquecimento do caldo de cana em aquecedores tubulares de uma usina açucareira para organização de um cronograma de limpeza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-09) Radicchi, Eiarley; Cavallieri, Angelo Luiz Fazani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3986729217794435; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7812378711028061
In the sugar-energy sector, the efficiency of industrial operations is one of the most relevant factors, because it is from this that the entire transformation process is impacted. The manufacture of crystal sugar involves several heat exchanges processes, and after the cane is milled, the sugarcane juice goes through the first heating process, aiming to reach 60 ºC to enter the sulfitation stage. Subsequently, the second heating process takes place, aiming to reach a temperature of 105 °C in the broth to be taken to decantation. The equipment used is tubular heaters and tube damage is the main problem, either by irreversible incrustation or corrosion, and for this reason, with a certain frequency the tubular heaters are stopped for cleaning, but the industrial process doesn’t stop, which naturally impacts the heating system as a whole, because when the stop is made, the heat exchange area available for the operation is reduced. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the sugarcane juice final temperature and the heat exchange area available in the second heater, in order to establish a qualitative model of the system behavior, to structure a cleaning schedule of 13 tubular heaters of a sugar mill located in a city in the state of São Paulo. The methodology applied in the development of the work shortened four stages: hypothesis of result, elaboration of the model, validation of data, definition of the best work system. It was based on a theoretical hypothesis of the expected linear effect. It was evidenced that the model didn’t represent the real values, exhibiting second order polynomial behavior. The analysis and treatment of data by arithmetic means served as the basis for establishing a real system behavior model. The validation ensured that it can be used for decision-making in an industrial process, as it presented reliability 98.65%. Thus, a schedule of cleaning of tubular heaters was tructured, obtained by the best combinations of stops of heaters, based on the double sets of stationary equipment that reflects in similar conditions of response in the temperature of the sugarcane juice.
A rotatividade de estudantes nos cursos de graduação na UFV: o SISU e as estratégias de acesso e permanência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-09) Rigo, Júlia da Silva; Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284971566113467
Higher education in Brazil has undergone several changes and several public policies have been developed to promote access, as well as for the permanence of students in private and public sector institutions. Such policies influenced some actions developed by the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) from 2009. Some transformations occurred in the admission process to the Institution, due to the implementation of the Unified Selection System (SiSU), putting the Vestibular in 2016 out of existence. Traditional. In this context, this study was made to identify and analyze the influences of SiSU in the definition of strategies for access and retention of students in higher education, with the aim of understanding the correlation between student turnover in courses and SiSU, based on the case of UFV. The research was characterized as qualitative, with field data collection procedures (interviews), documentary and bibliographic, being theoretically based on Pierre Bourdieu and collaborators, Alain Coulon, Bernard Lahire and Maria Alice Nogueira. The methodological procedures began with the survey and analysis of official documents of national scope, such as decrees, normative laws and consultations with University documents for a better understanding of the scenario of public policies for higher education. Then, we carried out a survey of data referring to undergraduate courses: the number of students who entered and how many changed courses within the UFV of the five courses with the highest rate of applicant per vacancy in each science center (Agrarian Science Center, Biological and Health Science Center, Technological and Exacts Science Center, Human, Letters and Art Science Center), totaling 20 courses. From the analysis and tabulation of the data, we identified the four courses with the highest rate of course change within the UFV from 2016 to 2018, which were: Environmental Agricultural Engineering (CCA), Nursing (CCB), Mathematics (CCE) and Early Childhood Education (CCH). Then, we asked the University for the social and school data profile of all students who entered these courses. Based on the data collection, we prepared interview scripts that were used with five students who entered in 2016, through SiSU, and who changed courses until the second semester of 2018. An online questionnaire was also used with the coordinators of these four courses, in order to know and understand the relationship between SiSU and student turnover. The results indicated a high rate of course change, especially in the first year. The turnover performed by the students did not happen only for graduations in the same area, presenting a diversity of movement. It was evidenced that the option for changing the course within the Institution happened as a strategy to achieve the desired course and that joining the SiSU stimulates such action, since it increases the probability of a more assertive choice. Thus, we conclude, based on the theoretical framework adopted, that the turnover of students within the UFV is correlated with the choice of course, a process delimited by the field of possibilities. SiSU tends to guide subjects to desire what is likely within their class of origin and academic experiences. Such choices have been reoriented in the search for permanence in the Institution.