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A percepção de ciência e a imagem do cientista de estudantes do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-09)
Oliveira, Thais Pereira Rosinha de
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Gebara, Maria José Fontana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9662947498782575
The present work investigated the perceptions of science and scientist of elementary school students, aged between 11 and 14 years old, registrated in public and private schools in a metropolitan of Southeats São Paulo. Acknowlege these perceptions allows us to understand how students see science, appropriate the contents of the discipline's classes, using them in their daily lives. In addition, understanding the image they have of the scientist can help to understand the reasons that get them closer to or far from the scientific career. For data collection, three forms were used, two aimed at the perception of science and one to the scientist's image. As for the science perception forms, both were prepared with questions taken and adapted from the international project The Relevance of Science Education (ROSE): a closed questionnaire, containing 23 statements on a Likert scale; and an open questionnaire, with 2 questions. The third instrument, an image questionnaire, allowed students to attribute physical characteristics, clothing, social and family behavior, to female and male scientists. In all, 132 students answered the three questionnaires, applied online, as the survey was carried out in a pandemic moment that required social distancing. The frequency distribution of responses was analyzed for the total number of students and for the subgroups defined by the student's gender; science teacher gender; and gender of the student and teacher. The general results showed that students have a positive view of science and the discipline's classes; also showed that they can relate the contents of Science classes with their daily lives. They believe that the population should be more concerned with environmental issues, a topic that arouses the interest of students, second only to health. The image of scientists shows evidence of stereotypes that have been perpetuated by different media. In the subgroups, the girls considered the science subject more difficult than the boys, and the students, in general, agreed that it is more difficult to learn science with your male teachers, pointing out gender differences in the answers.
Otimização do processo de segundo aquecimento do caldo de cana em aquecedores tubulares de uma usina açucareira para organização de um cronograma de limpeza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-09)
Radicchi, Eiarley
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Cavallieri, Angelo Luiz Fazani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3986729217794435
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7812378711028061
In the sugar-energy sector, the efficiency of industrial operations is one of the most relevant factors, because it is from this that the entire transformation process is impacted. The manufacture of crystal sugar involves several heat exchanges processes, and after the cane is milled, the sugarcane juice goes through the first heating process, aiming to reach 60 ºC to enter the sulfitation stage. Subsequently, the second heating process takes place, aiming to reach a temperature of 105 °C in the broth to be taken to decantation. The equipment used is tubular heaters and tube damage is the main problem, either by irreversible incrustation or corrosion, and for this reason, with a certain frequency the tubular heaters are stopped for cleaning, but the industrial process doesn’t stop, which naturally impacts the heating system as a whole, because when the stop is made, the heat exchange area available for the operation is reduced. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the sugarcane juice final temperature and the heat exchange area available in the second heater, in order to establish a qualitative model of the system behavior, to structure a cleaning schedule of 13 tubular heaters of a sugar mill located in a city in the state of São Paulo. The methodology applied in the development of the work shortened four stages: hypothesis of result, elaboration of the model, validation of data, definition of the best work system. It was based on a theoretical hypothesis of the expected linear effect. It was evidenced that the model didn’t represent the real values, exhibiting second order polynomial behavior. The analysis and treatment of data by arithmetic means served as the basis for establishing a real system behavior model. The validation ensured that it can be used for decision-making in an industrial process, as it presented reliability 98.65%. Thus, a schedule of cleaning of tubular heaters was tructured, obtained by the best combinations of stops of heaters, based on the double sets of stationary equipment that reflects in similar conditions of response in the temperature of the sugarcane juice.
A rotatividade de estudantes nos cursos de graduação na UFV: o SISU e as estratégias de acesso e permanência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-09)
Rigo, Júlia da Silva
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Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284971566113467
Higher education in Brazil has undergone several changes and several public policies have been developed to promote access, as well as for the permanence of students in private and public sector institutions. Such policies influenced some actions developed by the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) from 2009. Some transformations occurred in the admission process to the Institution, due to the implementation of the Unified Selection System (SiSU), putting the Vestibular in 2016 out of existence. Traditional. In this context, this study was made to identify and analyze the influences of SiSU in the definition of strategies for access and retention of students in higher education, with the aim of understanding the correlation between student turnover in courses and SiSU, based on the case of UFV. The research was characterized as qualitative, with field data collection procedures (interviews), documentary and bibliographic, being theoretically based on Pierre Bourdieu and collaborators, Alain Coulon, Bernard Lahire and Maria Alice Nogueira. The methodological procedures began with the survey and analysis of official documents of national scope, such as decrees, normative laws and consultations with University documents for a better understanding of the scenario of public policies for higher education. Then, we carried out a survey of data referring to undergraduate courses: the number of students who entered and how many changed courses within the UFV of the five courses with the highest rate of applicant per vacancy in each science center (Agrarian Science Center, Biological and Health Science Center, Technological and Exacts Science Center, Human, Letters and Art Science Center), totaling 20 courses. From the analysis and tabulation of the data, we identified the four courses with the highest rate of course change within the UFV from 2016 to 2018, which were: Environmental Agricultural Engineering (CCA), Nursing (CCB), Mathematics (CCE) and Early Childhood Education (CCH). Then, we asked the University for the social and school data profile of all students who entered these courses. Based on the data collection, we prepared interview scripts that were used with five students who entered in 2016, through SiSU, and who changed courses until the second semester of 2018. An online questionnaire was also used with the coordinators of these four courses, in order to know and understand the relationship between SiSU and student turnover. The results indicated a high rate of course change, especially in the first year. The turnover performed by the students did not happen only for graduations in the same area, presenting a diversity of movement. It was evidenced that the option for changing the course within the Institution happened as a strategy to achieve the desired course and that joining the SiSU stimulates such action, since it increases the probability of a more assertive choice. Thus, we conclude, based on the theoretical framework adopted, that the turnover of students within the UFV is correlated with the choice of course, a process delimited by the field of possibilities. SiSU tends to guide subjects to desire what is likely within their class of origin and academic experiences. Such choices have been reoriented in the search for permanence in the Institution.
Análise da recuperação natural de cobertura vegetal diante da susceptibilidade à erosão hídrica em latossolo vermelho: estudo de caso da área do campus da UFSCar, Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-10)
Costa, Júlia Rodrigues Zanella da
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Fernandes, Erminio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2770392631554400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9800303567305294
Address how the action of water erosive agents influence the dynamics of the structural components of a soil, allows us to understand not only the stability of a pedological profile, such as the ability of vegetation cover to recover. The objective of the research was to analyze the possibility of recovering vegetation cover through the influence of physical, chemical and biological hazards in Red Latosol susceptible to the action of rain. For this purpose, the initial and final characterization of the degradation value (Vdi) and physiognomy for two plots at the Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba-SP, by Resolution 01 of the CONAMA of January 31, 1994. The presence or absence of canopy, epiphytes, litter, herbaceous and human interference was also quantified at the end of the design, resulting in physiognomies and final degradation values (Vdf). The occurrence recovery was obtained by comparison, where Vdf < Vdi = progression and Vdf > Vdi = regression. Variations in the physical parameters showed a relationship with the moisture retention and infiltration capacity, due to the arrangement of the particles solids and porosity. The chemical variations tell how the conduction of particles by runoff affected the availability and cycling of nutrients to the development of plant cover. On the other hand, variations in biological parameters effects of the presence of plant species with the solubilization of minerals, soil structuring and water infiltration and drainage capacity. Same verified, the reduction in the values of degradation of the plots cannot be fully associated with the success of the natural recovery process, depending on also the existence of native or exotic species and the management and conservation for areas exposed to natural and anthropic degrading actions.
Processamento reativo de blendas de amido termoplástico/poli(butileno succinato) (TPS/PBS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-11)
Santos, Raul Franklin Andrade
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Patricio, Patrícia Santiago de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5625112455084806
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Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
Thermoplastic starch is a natural and biodegradable polymer. However, it has some disadvantages attributed to its hydrophilic character, low mechanical properties and the phenomenon of retrogradation. These limitations can be overcome by mixing with biodegradable polyesters, as well as by chemically modifying the starch. In this context, blends of cassava starch with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and citric acid were processed in a Haake torque rheometer, followed by thermopressing. The processing speed varied at 80, 100 and 120 rpm. The content of added citric acid was 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt.%. For the gelatinization of starch, only glycerol was used as a plasticizer, in addition to its residual water. The samples were characterized by torque rheometry, water absorption measurements, water weight loss, contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and visual analysis. The rheometry results demonstrated a decrease in torque in the presence of citric acid, indicating the occurrence of acid hydrolysis and/or the lubricating action of the acid. The percentage of water absorbed decreased with the increase in acid content, while weight loss increased, influencing the absorption results. The contact angle decreased for the acid-containing samples. In XRD, diffraction peaks associated with residual starch crystallinity were verified, while morphological analysis demonstrated the presence of native starch granules after gelatinization. Samples processed at 120 rpm and with higher acid content showed a more homogeneous morphology between phases. In FTIR, the functional chemical groups of the polymers that make up the blend were observed. Visually, the addition of citric acid caused a change in the color of the samples. Variation in mixing speed did not significantly influence the analysis results.
Vocês, humildes, podem ficar tranquilos: soberania interna no Projeto Nacional de Juarez Távora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-12)
Toledo, José Paulo
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0699688547194116
This thesis seeks to explore the Brazilian military political thought, analyzing, to achieve this goal, the national project systematized by one of the main military-intellectuals of the Brazilian Army during the 20th century: Juarez Távora. To this end, from a broad reading of the author's work and context, this research analyzes Juarez Távora's political thought, understanding how he narrates the trajectory of his life, based on the 3-volume autobiographical series Uma Vida e Muitas Lutas (1974ª; 1974b; 1977), and describes his national project, observing this development in particular in the most articulate and synthetic of his works: Organization for Brazil (1959). In the quest to understand the Tavorian national project, it is observed where the author located the locus of sovereignty and decision-making power enabled to decide the definition of which national project to follow. The central and articulating concept of the analysis is that of sovereignty, according to the keys of analysis developed in this work: national sovereignty, popular sovereignty, state sovereignty, as described by Grimm in Sovereignty: the Origin and Future of a Political and Legal Concept (2015) and exceptional sovereignty, coined from the text Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty by Carl Schmitt (1985).
A interação entre gestão escolar e trabalho docente: impactos entre stakeholders e shareholders na escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-12)
Raphael, André Luiz
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Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8315044065371328
The present research aimed to study the effects of school management models in contemporary times and their influences on teaching work in public schools in the region of Araraquara. Our hypothesis resides in the idea that the relationship between school management and the teaching staff can bring impacts, which can collaborate or harm the development of the teacher's work. In this research, we used a qualitative approach, with the hypothetical deductive method, applied to the collection of testimonies and data from teachers in the public school, through the analysis of thematic categorical content, from questionnaires, interviews with semi-structured questions and field journal entries. Our hypotheses are based on three categories of analysis: Professionalism and Dialogicity; Actual and Prescribed Work (abstract) and Political, economic and mercantilist aspects. Our theoretical framework is based on Freeman's Theory of Stakeholders, on Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action, and on the dialectic of Hegel and Marx. The results found in this research showed that the management team, the Department of Education and other elements can interfere in the development of teaching work, generating engagement or demotivation in teachers, the management team acting as an element of mediation, which presents itself in a more variable within the relationships with the other subjects involved in carrying out the teaching work, behaving either as a stakeholder or shareholder of mediation or even as a middleholder, being this plurality of interactions structured through communication, aiming at understanding, scope of Theory of Communicative Action.
Projeto de implementação de equipamento turístico: Canário Negro Hotel e Centro Cultural Mamonas Assassinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-14)
Santos, Lucas de Melo
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Benevenuto, Vitória Pereira
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Ferragi, Cesar Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8059661338196579
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0858862584591218
This work addresses the development of a project for a tourist facility in Guarulhos, a city known for business tourism. The project aims to contribute to the CECAP region, offering a new accommodation option. Furthermore, it includes an analysis of the architectural structure of the space, with an emphasis on sustainable technologies, accessibility and comfort. The project also takes into account local characteristics, close to Guarulhos International Airport. The proposed Cultural Center aims to promote local culture and pay homage to the band Mamonas Assassinas, which was originally from the region. The Cultural Center tells the story of the band, from its formation to the tragic plane crash that killed them. Thus, the project seeks to combine tourism promotion with the preservation of local history, contributing to the cultural and leisure revitalization of the city of Guarulhos.
Vitamin D deficiency predicts 30-day hospital mortality of adults with COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-15)
Neves, Fabio Fernandes
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Pott-Junior, Henrique
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Santos, Sigrid de Sousa
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Cominetti, Marcia Regina
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Freire, Caio Cesar de Melo
Several studies have shown conflicting results for the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether plasma 25(OH)D levels predict mortality in adults admitted with COVID-19, considering potential confounders. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 115 adults (age 62.1 ± 17.6 years, 65 males) admitted to a Brazilian public hospital for severely symptomatic COVID-19. Subjects were classified into two groups according to their plasma levels of 25(OH)D: sufficiency ( 50 nmol/L) and the deficiency (<50 nmol/L). The diagnosis of COVID-19 was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay assessed serum 25(OH)D levels. Results: The all-cause 30-day mortality was 13.8% (95% CI: 6.5%e21%) in the group of patients with sufficient plasma 25(OH)D levels and 32.1% (95% CI: 14.8%e49.4%) among those with deficient plasma 25(OH)D levels. Cox regression showed that plasma 25(OH)D levels remained a significant predictor of mortality even after adjusting for the covariates sex, age, length of the delay between symptom onset and hospitalization, and disease severity (HR ¼ 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96e1.00; p ¼ 0.02). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency predicts higher mortality risk in adults with COVID-19.
Incorporação do resíduo catalítico do refino de petróleo em compósitos cimentícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-16)
Will, Ramon
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Moretti, Juliana Petermann
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5448335901111649
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
The fluidized bed catalytic cracking units seek to improve the efficiency of oil refining to produce lighter compounds with greater added value, using zeolite-based catalysts. The result of this process is the generation of an equilibrium catalyst (Ecat), which has world production around 400,000 ton/year, making it a problem for oil refineries. Ecat is basically composed of silica and alumina, which give it the possibility of being used as a pozzolanic material in cementitious matrices. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the technical feasibility of partial replacement of cement by Ecat in cementitious composites, with contents of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. For this, a theoretical-experimental research was carried out, through a bibliographic review and, later, characterization of the material through the tests of Pozzolanic Activity Index (PAI), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), specific mass and laser granulometry. Then, an analysis was carried out on the incorporation of Ecat in cementitious composites, through tests in the fresh and hardened state, evaluating the consistency, compressive strength, tensile strength by diametral compression, dynamic modulus of elasticity and water absorption by immersion and capillarity. Finally, a comparison was made of the results obtained experimentally with the reference sample, as well as the theoretical and experimental values found in the literature, verifying if the cementitious composite has potential use in the production of cementitious artifacts for civil construction. With the results, it was found that Ecat is mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2O3, with particle sizes ranging from 3.15 µm to 52.4 µm, BET specific surface of 44.49 g/cm³ and specific mass of 2.64 g/cm³. The mineralogical analysis identified an amorphous halo and the mineral faujasite as the main component. Ecat presented IAP with lime of 142%, performance index with Portland cement of 120% and calcium hydroxide fixation of 794 mg Ca(OH)2/g, all values above the minimum necessary to be considered as pozzolanic material. It can be concluded that the Ecat evaluated in this research has adequate pozzolanic activity, and can be used in its raw form in partial replacement of Portland cement and cementitious matrices.
Quilombolas na Pós-Graduação construindo Ebges de resistência - deslocamentos pessoais, coletivos, político-pedagógicos e pluriepistêmicos no Ensino Superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-16)
Silva, Andréia Rosalina
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Gomes, Lilian Cristina Bernardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1510813828334016
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
The presence of quilombolas in Brazilian postgraduate courses, from the adoption of the affirmative action policy and racial quotas, has been giving new meaning to academic knowledge, impelling new pedagogical and theoretical perspectives, especially due to their insertion and performance in communities, in projects and research groups within universities, articulating systematized scientific knowledge with their traditional knowledge. Seeking to signify this action linked to the practices of empowerment of writing, of the processes of construction of knowledge and identities, this thesis aims - taking for analysis the context of four Brazilian public universities (namely: Universidade de Brasília, Universidade Federal de Goiás , Universidade Federal do Recôncavo Baiano and Universidade Federal da Bahia) – to evaluate the impact of access to graduate studies for quilombolas in terms of quotas, analyzing their personal transformations, in their community and within the academy (institutional). Our study starts from a historical-socio-anthropological reading about the struggle of Afro-Brazilian communities in Brazil, in search of access to education, in the context of the 1988 Constitution, the Racial Equality Statute, Decree 4.887/2003, Article 68 of the ADCT, of the Opinion CNE/CEB 16/2012 and of the Resolution 08/2012 of the National Council of Education (CNE) until the normative ordinance of the MEC nº 13, of May of 2016, having the hypothesis that such subjects, when inserted in the higher education, in postgraduate studies, reformulate the formal educational process, decolonize the curricula and bring visibility to their experiences and pedagogical practices.
Redes alimentares alternativas na metrópole de São Paulo: movimentos de proximidade entre agricultores e consumidores em tempos de pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-17)
Cheung, Natália Kwok Yee
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Abreu, Lucimar Santiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7025928931374268
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0444663664633733
In recent years, there has been a significant growth of initiatives in alternative agroecological food networks, generating new production-distribution-consumption relationships. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the urgency of transforming food systems in favor of more sustainable practices in agriculture became evident. This research aims to understand if the pandemic caused qualitative changes in the proximity relationship and in the shared values between farmers and consumers in organic food networks in the city of São Paulo. The investigation was conducted from a literature review and field research, which included semi-structured interviews with farmers from an organic cooperative and structured questionnaires with two consumer networks. The commercialization of organic food was impacted occasionally in the most critical months of Covid-19, however, this period brought innovations in the ways of selling production and being in contact with consumers. It can be seen that, if, on the one hand, the pandemic limited physical proximity in alternative food networks, on the other hand, it generated greater awareness of the importance of healthy food, and its interrelation with agroecology and human, animal and environmental health.
Repertório sobre a contenção/movimento do corpo: percepções das professoras da educação infantil sobre a prática corporal em tempos de pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-17)
Campos, Sheila Garbulha Tunuchi
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Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3046042793246183
This is a study with greater emphasis on remote teaching in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, which followed the pandemic moment Covid-19 from contact restriction to the gradual return of classes. Through the qualitative study using a previous questionnaire, we sought to collect general information about the teachers, and the biographical narrative interview, answering the question: During the pandemic, how did the teachers observe their own performance when facilitating physical activities for students in early childhood education via remote learning? Considering the problem, the objectives were outlinedand analyzed based on the following criteria: the biographical narrative interview and the observations made by the four teachers working in early childhood education in relation to the practices of physical activities during remote learning. The study sought to learn what the teachers observe of the family dynamics in relation to the facilitation of physical activities among students while counting on the support of the family to carry out these activities at home. The data were organized in a descriptive and interpretive framework for discussion of the results, using the CSD method (Collective Subject Discourse). The results pointed to the fact that there was a great commitment on the part of the school community to re-assess teaching methodologies with physical activities, which are present at all times in remote teaching; however, at the same time, there was a strong indication methodology inefficiency in regard to teacher training. During the pandemic, families that were actively involved and interacting with the children made all the difference in process once the children returned to in person classes. Not only the teachers, but also the families realized the great relevance of physical activity in early childhood education. It was also observed that physical movement was highly valued in remote teaching, however, not all families satisfactorily adhered to the available proposals, but of those families present, they demonstrated a great contribution to the development of their children, which were observed when in person classes were resumed.
Biochar: relação com agroecologia, estado da pesquisa e matérias-primas promissoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-17)
Arias, Candela Mariel
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Silva, Laura Fernanda Simões da
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2235270776321472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
To reduce the environmental impacts caused by most food and raw material production systems, it is essential to change the paradigm of agricultural production to that of sustainability. In this context, agroecology presents itself as a science, practice and movement that provides tools for the development of agricultural systems that positively impact the social, environmental and economic spheres. Several tools can be developed to strengthen sustainable practices and, among them, the use of biochar.This dissertation aims to understand the relationship between the use of biochar in the context of agroecology, to analyze the situation of research and dissemination on biochar in Brazil, as well as the raw materials used for its production. For this, a bibliographic review was initially carried out, using the Web of Science database, in order to understand the impact of biochar in the social, environmental and economic spheres related to agroecology. Then, a bibliographic and bibliometric review was carried out, using the Software VosViewer, aiming to identify the countries, researchers and institutions that most collaborated in these investigations and the most promising raw materials for the production of this input. As environmental advantages, biochar contributes to increased productivity by reducing impacts on natural resources by improving the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil, in addition to contributing to the reduction of the volume of agricultural waste generated, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.. Regarding the social and economic benefits, the farmers have greater autonomy in relation to the fertilizer market, the reduction in production costs and the To reduce the environmental impacts caused by most food and raw material production systems, it is essential to change the paradigm of agricultural production to that of sustainability. In this context, agroecology presents itself as a science, practice and movement that provides tools for the development of agricultural systems that positively impact the social, environmental and economic spheres. Several tools can be developed to strengthen sustainable practices and, among them, the use of biochar.This dissertation aims to understand the relationship between the use of biochar in the context of agroecology, to analyze the situation of research and dissemination on biochar in Brazil, as well as the raw materials used for its production. For this, a bibliographic review was initially carried out, using the Web of Science database, in order to understand the impact of biochar in the social, environmental and economic spheres related to agroecology. Then, a bibliographic and bibliometric review was carried out, using the Software VosViewer, aiming to identify the countries, researchers and institutions that most collaborated in these investigations and the most promising raw materials for the production of this input. As environmental advantages, biochar contributes to increased productivity by reducing impacts on natural resources by improving the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil, in addition to contributing to the reduction of the volume of agricultural waste generated, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Regarding the social and economic benefits, the farmers have greater autonomy in relation to the fertilizer market, the reduction in production costs and the generation of extra income with the commercialization of the final product. The bibliometric analysis allowed us to identify that publications on biochar in the Brazilian agricultural context began in 2003, with a tendency to rise from 2015 and peak in 2021. The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) was the institution with the greatest contribution of scientific publications, with Novotny E. and Madari B. as the most prominent authors. Importantcollaborations in research on biochar in Brazil with researchers from other countries were identified, especially Spain and the United States. Materials of plant origin are the most used for the production of biochar in Brazil, especially those from wood. There was an evident and promising trend in the use of plant residues from the sugar-energy industry and materials of animal origin, with emphasis on poultry litter. Despite the high supply of raw materials, regional studies are needed that address the use of available raw materials, highlighting the potential that biochar can have to solve problems related to the management of urban waste or the reuse of waste of animal origin.
Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e vespas parasitoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em duas fitofisionomias de Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-18)
Iéck, Bianca da Cruz
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Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
Environments with diversified vegetation in phytophysiognomies, such as the Cerrado, provide high species diversity. In the state of Minas Gerais, the cerrado occurs predominantly and has important conservation units to preserve the fauna and flora of this biome, with Serra da Canastra National Park (PNSC) standing out. Despite its extension and importance, studies on the biodiversity present in the park, especially on invertebrates, are still scarce. Thus, the present work aimed to know the fauna of ants and parasitoid wasps collected with Moericke traps in phytophysiognomies of rupestrian fields and gallery forest in Serra da Canastra National Park, MG, Brazil. For this, we used data collected monthly, from December 2018 to October 2019 at three collection points, each point represented by two adjacent areas: one of rocky field and one of gallery forest. A 50m transect was drawn in each area with 100 Moericke traps distributed, which were exposed for 48 hours. Data on parasitoid wasps were obtained at the subfamily level; ants were identified in morphospecies. A total of 11,143 ant specimens were collected, grouped into 96 morphospecies, belonging to 31 genera of 7 subfamilies, with 5,287 individuals recorded in the rocky field and 5,856 in the gallery forest. A total of 2,857 specimens of parasitoid wasps of the Braconidae family were collected, with 87 individuals found in rupestrian fields and 2,770 in gallery forest, distributed in 18 subfamilies. The ant species richness was significantly higher in the gallery forest and the composition was different in the gallery forest when compared to the rupestrian field. For parasitoid wasps there was a greater abundance of individuals in the gallery forest and a greater richness of subfamilies in the campo rupestre. This result can be explained by the vegetation structure, because in the gallery forest the number of diversified plant species forms a heterogeneous and complex environment, providing greater availability of food resources and nesting sites, allowing the occurrence of nests and the coexistence of a greater number of species. Considering that plant diversity can influence herbivore populations, the presence of endemic plants in the rupestrian fields may be able to harbor differentiated hosts of specialized parasitoid wasps. The results obtained in this work demonstrate that the Serra da Canastra National Park harbors a very rich fauna of ants and parasitoid wasps, with a high diversity of species, especially when considering the gallery forest. These results can be expanded from other studies to be carried out in the park area.
Efeito do extrato de pimenta rosa e do tipo de embalagem sobre a qualidade e estabilidade oxidativa de hambúrguer de frango
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-18)
Diniz, Julia Pereira
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Kato Junior, Edison Tutomu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2870505840656417
For years, pink pepper has been used in folk medicine as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory, which has aroused the interest of the scientific community regarding its biological activities, such as antioxidant. The search for natural compounds as alternatives to the use of synthetic antioxidants has been growing in the meat industry. Among meat products, processed chicken products have a great need to use these additives, as they have a high susceptibility to the development of lipid oxidation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pink pepper extract and the type of packaging (aerobic and vacuum) on the physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stability of chicken burgers. Pink pepper ethanol extracts were obtained and analyzed for total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS). Subsequently, the extracts at a concentration of 90 mg of gallic acid equivalent/kg of meat were applied to chicken hamburgers and evaluated as a natural antioxidant compared to a formulation containing synthetic antioxidant (BHT), and a control formulation (without antioxidants). All samples were stored in an aerobic environment and under vacuum for seven days at 4 °C and evaluated for oxidative stability, color and pH. The pink pepper extract showed considerable content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The hamburger with pink pepper extract was more effective than the one with BHT to delay the lipid oxidation of samples conditioned in an aerobic environment and was as efficient as this synthetic antioxidant in samples packed under vacuum. Regarding the samples packaged in an aerobic environment, pink pepper proved to be as efficient as BHT after 7 days of storage. There was a slight reduction in pH of the samples packed in an aerobic environment and darkening of the samples with the addition of pink pepper extract, probably due to the slightly acidic pH and the coloring of the natural extract. The application of pink pepper extract as a natural antioxidant is efficient to delay lipid oxidation, showing that it can be used as a promising natural antioxidant in the industry.
Arte sonora: nomadismo, escutas e processos criativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-18)
Ramos, Alex Suraty
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Nespoli, Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0482744763085170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8414390712773145
The present work proposes to investigate the poetic aspects intrinsic to the Sound Art, taking the nomadism notion as the principal reference. Starting from the relationship between the pieces, the listening modes and the interactive processes, the dissertation approaches how the choices of materials, technologies and the formation of sound artists are important elements in the creative process. The sound artist transits between different means, knowledges, technologies and art languages to propose their own pieces. This research conducts a mapping of píeces and sound artists, tracing a broad dialogue with the investigated bibliography. The researched Sound Art pieces are found as sound installations, site-specific, sound sculptures and interactive environments. The Sound Art explores the potential of listening and the use of sound as a way of interacting with the pieces. In this way, the research points out that this artistic genre is characterized by its hybridism, revealing some historical approximations between music and the contemporary plastic arts. Furthermore, it is of great importance for the conception of Sound Art the influence of the experimental pieces of John Cage and the Fluxus group. From Cox's theory (2004; 2009) about the notions of becoming and duration, the virtual and the actual; and from Santos's theory (2000; 2004; 2006) about nomadic listening, it was concluded that Sound Art enables a listening in movement, dialoguing with the spectator’s memories on aesthetic enjoyment in sculptures, installations and architectonic spaces. So the sound artist is observed as a proposer of pieces and the creation arises from experiences in process.
Os olhos de Ojuobá: experiências docentes para a educação das relações étnico-raciais no ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-18)
Cavalheiro, Adilene Ferreira Carvalho
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Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9616524538043974
The research on screen analyses how pedagogical practices are revealed for the Education of Ethnic Racial Relations (ERER) that intend to get rid of the distancing perspective, arising from the touristic curriculum. It comes from the initial consideration that African and indigenous matrices are silenced throughout the year, becoming visible in the school environment, only on specific dates, and in a punctual mode. Scientific studies on curricular themes and anti-racist education show the insistent reproduction of knowledge that arises from Eurocentric thinking and colonialised mindsets, as choices that underlie the teaching-learning processes in the context of Basic Education, and reveal limitations in the process of continuing education of ERER teachers. In view of these findings, we elaborated the question of this research: how can pedagogical practices in the context of elementary education in public municipal schools of Sorocaba converge with the Education of Ethnic-Racial Emancipatory Relations? The scope of this research resides in the elementary school grounds, second stage of Primary School Education, in two public municipal Educational Institutions of the city of Sorocaba, which caters for children from the 1st to the 9th grade, and adheres to the Institutional Initiation Scholarship Program to Teaching – PIBID, whose chosen theme was “Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations and Human Rights”. This is a qualitative research, with a methodological approach that took place through a narrative interview and bibliographic review on studies that focus on ethnic-racial identification and teacher training. We seek to start our journey from the perception and perspectives of the teachers participating in the research on their formative experiences, articulated with pedagogical practices that invited the African matrix to become the focus of their attention. “The eyes of Ojuobá...” is a title that refers to choosing a type of register that dialogues at the same time with the theoretical-methodological framework and allows a sensitive hearing, to listen and build with teachers the data about the perceptions arising from the knowledge of experience confluent with the ERER. The results indicated the existence of pedagogical practices that brought the African matrix as their central focus. An incipient process, constructed in the border territory between school and university, however, a powerful contribution to the strengthening of afro-perspectivist approaches in a sustainable way within the school. The possible articulations convey considerations about the training processes for ERER, creatively empowered at the crossroads between the personal and the professional dimension.
Profissionalização docente na educação infantil no município de São Carlos - SP: a sobreposição da lógica educacional à lógica assistencialista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-18)
Bueno, Jaqueline Cristina dos Santos
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Filho, Alceu Gomes Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-1581
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
The present study addresses organizational change with a focus on the transition from welfare to educational logic in early childhood schools in the city of São Carlos, using a survey on the training and specialization of the teaching staff to analyze this process. Data obtained from the Municipality of São Carlos and interviews with teachers from the municipal early childhood education network were used for this purpose. Faced with social changes related to the way of seeing the child as a social actor, theories began to value the experiences and experiences of this age group, and this had an impact on education. Initially, daycare centers were designed with a more assistentialist character, supervised by the Social Assistance Department, with a focus solely on the care and hygiene of children. Professionals who worked directly with students did not need any training, since early childhood education was not part of basic education . Since the 1990s, several laws have brought about changes in child care. This required an adjustment on the part of professionals and managers of the teaching organization. A process of encouraging the continuing education of professionals working in education was initiated. Thus modifying the routine, the assessment methods, and consequently the skills developed. It was noted that the vast majority of professionals had their level of education increased during their professional lives and continuing education is something present in the school calendar. It can be concluded, therefore, that even when caring is associated with educating in early childhood education, the assistentialist logic of the day care center has been gradually replaced by the educational logic, and it is possible to verify an overlap between the two logics at times through the perspectives and modes thinking, as well as everyday attitudes already established in the organization's routine.
O estudo de aula para a implementação da alfabetização científica nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-18)
Gonçalves, Simone Munafó Tostes
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Santos Junior, João Batista dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8213048231177175
This work addresses aspects of teacher training through a collaborative process that is configured from the Classroom Study approach. The study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic with 13 elementary school teachers from a public school in the city of Sorocaba/SP, in a formative process for the teaching of science of interest in the implementation of scientific literacy. Taking into account that the Classroom Study takes place in stages of development, the teachers went through a conceptualization with the theme chosen in their theoretical approach, collaboratively carried out lesson plans, applied and investigated the proposals of the contents and, finally, carried out analyzes reflective. This process proved to be effective for the development of the introductory implementation of scientific literacy where the teachers developed aspects of the collaborative culture among their peers, favoring their professional development.