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Dados abertos governamentais em saúde pública: um estudo de caso da vigilância epidemiológica do município de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Santos, Aulida Berenice Moretti; Iasulaitis, Sylvia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4741067178088511
Open Government Data (OGD) is an initiative that promotes the publication of public government data and information in reusable formats, with the aim of increasing transparency and fostering greater political participation of citizens. In this context, Epidemiological Surveillance (ES) uses these data to study the health-disease process and develop public health policies, which improves the life of the population, with information as its main object of work. In view of this, the research problem of this master’s thesis is to investigate how the ES of the municipality of São Carlos collects and uses OGD to transform them into information that can guide public health policies. This problem is materialized in the following research questions: (1) “How is data collection carried out in the ES of São Carlos?”; (2) “What is the process of acquiring information from these data?”; (3) “How is the acquired information disseminated?”; (4) “How do such data and information assist with the decision-making process regarding the implementation of public health policies?”. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to understand the flow of data from the SIS, how these data are used by the ES of São Carlos, and how the ES uses the open data repository of DATASUS and SIS to monitor the cases recorded in these systems and, through the information acquired in them, plan public health actions and policies. This is a case study of qualitative and exploratory nature, with a review of the thematic literature and in-depth interviews with public managers. The results show that the ES of the municipality of São Carlos has a data cycle that begins with notifications made at health care centers and, subsequently, undergoes processes that reach the Federal level. In addition, it was possible to prepare two flowcharts: one of the SINAN net and another of the SINAN online, which contribute to the proposed objective, enabling verification of part of the data flow of health information.
A noção de inconsciente em Freud sob a perspectiva do recalcamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Rodrigues, Helena Zoneti; Soria, Ana Carolina Soliva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903416522364971; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5977944831685723
The objective of this work is to methodically analyze the notion of the unconscious formulated from the concept of repression (Verdrängung) from the point of view expressed in chapter 7 of the work The Interpretation of Dreams and in Freud's Metapsychological texts, when relating repression as the axis of the formation of the unconscious and to point out the philosophical-theoretical consequences that affect the notion of psychic reality and others such as freedom and determinism. The work seeks to answer the question that intertwines the dual dispositions between the conscious and the unconscious, a dichotomy assured by the concept of repression in the First Topic. In view of the determinations of psychic reality, does the conscious self have freedom in the psychic apparatus of the First Freudian Topic? From the conflicting relationship between the conscious self and psychic reality emerges the main question of the project in which the unconscious emerges in part as a determinant of the dispositions of the conscious self not only in the symptomatic process, in the inhibition of development, in the points of fixation and regression caused by the repression, but as an essential priority, reflected in the phylogenetic schemes and presuppositions in opposition to the ontogenetic process belonging to the conscious self. It is worth investigating which unconscious this is, since its content is not limited only to repressed representations, but also to fragments of the human species, original fantasies. Given these determinations of psychic reality in the apparatus, the instance of the self placed in close relation to consciousness in the First Topic converges to the question posed above and the suspicion that in ontogeny the conscious self is not in fact so predetermined by psychic reality.
Politopia Enunciativa: a argumentação e a argumentatividade sobre Ditadura Militar nos livros didáticos de história
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Machiaveli, Gabriel Reis Moraes; Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5631543518951987
This work intends to investigate, describe and interpret the meaning of Military Dictatorship in history textbooks, available by the Ministry of Education (MEC) to public schools in Brazil. Knowing how the production of meaning on the subject is urged and taught, through textbooks, is justified by the huge demand that textbooks represent in the lives of Brazilians. Thus, we adopted for description and analysis the Semantics of Event (2002; 2007; 2011; 2013; 2018), coined by the linguist Eduardo Guimarães (UNICAMP). We understand the use of the word as an enunciation event integrated by temporalities that make it mean. We collected for analysis five textbooks, distributed through the National Textbook Program (PNLD), between the years 2016 to 2020. Taking into account the configuration of argumentation and argumentativity in the Semantics of Event theory, we conclude that the meaning of Dictatorship Military in the books presented himself as partially stabilized, being described by a chronological narrative that addresses the coup to the amnesty process. Military dictatorship was determined, in all books, by communist threat, political repression, torture and censorship. Another highlight are the ways in which the Speaker comments on his own saying, with the use of articulators in addition, even, among others, that presented a mobilization between the social place of saying, the Speaker and the enunciators. This argumentative construction allowed us to see when there was an escape from a universal narrative, that is, when other enunciators appeared beyond the universal, as collective enunciators (the military, the opposition, among others) and individual enunciators (such as those in which the use of articulators illuminated its appearance).
CicloPedaleiros: processos educativos decorrentes da prática social da cicloentrega
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Mecca, Andréia Cordeiro; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1829599231664494
The implementation and consolidation of the neoliberal economic model has resulted in a significant precariousness of work in Brazil and the increase of inequalities. The large amount of people living in socioeconomic vulnerability and the struggle to overcome this situation raises alternatives to income generation. These alternatives promoted exploratory practices like the uberization of work, but they contributed to boost other economies as well. The Solidarity Economy Enterprise called CicloPedaleiros sought, through bicycle deliveries, to generate an income for adults who are aside of the labor market, subject to unemployment and informality. This thesis aimed to identify and understand the educational processes arising from the social practice of bicycle delivery in this enterprise. As methodology, we used participatory research, the systematization of observations through field diaries and analysis based on phenomenology, which led to the emergence of three thematic categories: A) "It is good to wear a helmet just to be sure, at right time you’ll be saved", which made explicit dialogical daily relations between the participants, whose attitudes and speeches were, to a great extent, based on educational processes of solidarity, cooperation and care; B) “I gone there to speak and said, I am from CicloPedaleiros solidarity economy enterprise”, which indicates the educational processes related to the participants’ implicated attitude, for example, when they signed partnerships with shopkeepers and other entrepreneurs in the city, made publicity, attended meetings, kept to agreements, showed they knew the history of the actions and the aspects related to the enterprise; and C) “Precariousness is the word of the year”, which deals with the perception and reflection regarding the precarious forms of work in neoliberalism, reorganizing it according to other principles and needs, that is, as something healthy, pleasurable, and creative. We consider that SE, analyzed by means of the CicloPedaleiros, engenders significant educational processes for the elaboration of new repertoires, which may contribute to the construction of more just and egalitarian societies. SE is, therefore, one of the many educational paths to liberation that is occurring in process, inconclusive. Because of that, it is fundamental that this trajectory involves more and more oppressed, organized, and politicized people in the struggle against capitalism; and that none of these experiences is wasted.
Compósitos cimentícios de ultra-alto desempenho reforçados com fibras metálicas e incorporação de pó de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Dias, Gabriela Silva; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084646625015429
Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (UHPFRCC) have been widespread in civil construction due to their rheological, mechanical properties and their improved durability. However, the material has high consumption of cement, which in turn emits a high amount of carbon dioxide (〖CO〗_2) in its production chain. Thus, the glass, which is basically composed of amorphous silica and has relatively simple processing to obtain its powder, exhibits potential for use as a substitute pozolanic material to cement. For that reason, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of ground waste glass and steel fibers on the mechanical properties of UHPFRCC. Therefore, cementitious composites were developed with Portland V ARI cement, silica fume, superplasticizer, quartz sand with a maximum dimension of 1.2 mm, water (water/cement ratio equal to 0.18), and incorporated glass powder with a dimension of 75 μm at the contents of 20% and 50% in volumetric replacement to cement, in addition to steel fibers with contents of 2% and 3% (in volume). Tests were performed for the characterization of the component materials, axial compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity and tensile strength by double puncture test (EDP). Regarding the fresh state properties of the concrete, the results showed that the addition of ground waste glass and steel fibers did not interfere in the workability of the mixture, besides having reduced the incorporated air content. As for compressive strength, at 28 days, cementitious composites reached 83.0% of the reference sample strength (REF). At 56 and 91 days, the mix design were statistically equivalent when compared to REF. The modulus of elasticity value of the samples reached the level of 45.0 GPa. Regarding tensile strength by EDP, the maximum cracking load at 28 and 56 days was statistically similar to REF, i.e., the maximum capacity was not sensitive to the addition of steel fibers. There was an increase in the tenacity of the mix design with 3% of addition of steel fiber and 20% of incorporation of glass powder at 56 and 91 days of age. Therefore, it was possible to observe that 20% and 50% of incorporation of glass powder are optimal contents of cement substitution, and the addition of 2% and 3% of steel fibers exhibited satisfactory mechanical results. Finally, it is recommended to use the 50% content of incorporation of glass powder in partial replacement to cement because it presents improvements in mechanical properties, as well as by the high content of addition of the residue, which adds value in the scope of the sustainability of the composite.
Literatura infantil digital e desenvolvimento da linguagem oral à luz da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Miquelino, Heloisa Aparecida Candido; Fernandes, Jarina Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6612611612919706; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569340300042986
The school education must prioritize educational activities which promote the progress of children’s language development, an element that should be stimulated by the multiple ways of human language, the literary language and the digital technologies amongst them. In view of this, the purpose of this Master’s research is to analyze in which ways pedagogical mediation could assist on the oral language development of children from three to four years old on Children Education with activities that integrate children’s literature through technological mediation. Children’s digital literature was presented through practical classroom activities in multiple formats such as videos, slides, texts and children’s stories interactive material, composing a sequence of activities designed for oral language development. The theoretical referential is guided on the historical-cultural theory where an interventional research was made with a group 12 students class on a Child Education municipal school on a 3-4 years old age group. The methodological path was organized in four steps: i) application of previously planned activities; ii) indirect observation: participating, individual and systematic; iii) methodic register; iv) data analysis and interpretation, understanding the facts under the lights of authors that compose the theoretical benchmark referring to children’s literature, the Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) and the oral language. The data points that intentional activities related to the oral language development raised the children’s mother’s language comprehension, allowing the capacity of imitation, the enhancement of their vocabulary, helping the formation of language as a communication and generalization function. While evolving on the communication process, the child accumulates cultural experiences that will allow them to advance on its human development process.
Cenários e sistema de apoio a gestão consorciada de resíduos da construção civil aplicados à UGRHI 12
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Gonçalves, Gustavo Henrique Vital; Marques Neto, José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7433689541483706
Construction waste (CW) is currently one of the biggest problems in urban areas, since it is generated in significant volumes, and does not always receive an adequate final destination. One way to minimize the impact caused by CW is through the implementation of an integrated management, which requires an approach supported by decision-making tools. Thus, this research had the objective of developing a computational system as a subsidy to the consortium management of civil construction waste for Brazilian municipalities and to analyze the feasibility of the formation of inter-municipal consortiums. For this, a diagnosis was initially made in the Baixo Pardo/Grande Watershed (BH-BPG) belonging to the 12th Water Resources Management Unit (UGRHI 12) of the State of São Paulo in order to identify the main challenges of an integrated management of CW. For the study in UGRHI 12, data were collected on the situation of CW in the 12 municipalities, through the application of a questionnaire to managers and through visits to the municipalities for on-site surveys of the final disposal areas. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to estimate that the production of CW in the municipalities belonging to UGRHI 12 is 439.12 tons per day, with a per capita average of 131 kg/inhabitant per day, most of which belong to class A (75%), and can therefore be reused or recycled as aggregates. These data demonstrate the need for specific policies for the management of CW for small municipalities. It was also found that none of the municipalities have landfills for civil construction waste, areas for overflow and sorting, and a public recycling plant for class A waste, essential infrastructures for the management of the CW generated. Based on these results, the economic feasibility of three different scenarios for the formation of an inter-municipal consortium for the management of CW in UGRHI 12 was evaluated. The formation of a consortium among the municipalities in which they would share overflow and sorting areas and a fixed recycling plant resulted in an TIR of 78.79% and a VPL of R$ 29,094,983.16 and a payback of 1 year and 7 months. In the three scenarios analyzed it was found that this management model can be viable and profitable, considering that it brings cost reduction and gain of scale. From the needs identified in the municipalities, which hinder the implementation of an integrated management of CW, the appropriate tools were defined for the system to meet the demands, so that there is an integration. Finally, the System of Consortium Management of Construction Waste (SIGECON) was developed. The conceptual model and the instantiation of the three system modules were established. After the structuring stage, the software was coded. After coding, the modules were integrated and the software was validated to verify its applicability. SIGECON was tested and validated in the UGRHI 12. It can be concluded that the support system favors the implementation of the consortium management of CW in Brazilian municipalities, by having control and optimization tools, as well as a database that allows the adequacy of the municipalities to the reality of the region.
Estudo comparativo da eficácia da boretação sólida com a boretação a plasma na liga Ti6Al4V
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Silva, Felipe Lopes Fonseca da; Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0139027055418391; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8545503787499646; Correa, Diego Rafael Nespeque; Rangel, Rita de Cássia Cipriano; Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2282008544774759; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9805077380369331; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0139027055418391
Ti6Al4V alloy is one of the most widely used alloys in the biomedical field as an implant and in the aerospace field for structures. However, surface treatment of these alloys is extremely important, since in the biological field Ti6Al4V alloy contains aluminum and vanadium, which are toxic to the biological environment, while in industrial areas the surface properties of the material influence the performance of the structure. Boriding is one of the surface treatments that has been attracting the attention of researchers due to the properties acquired in materials after treatment, and the solid pack boriding and plasma paste boriding processes are the most widely used in economic and toxicological terms. This work aims to perform a comparative analysis of the surface properties acquired by the conventional pack boriding method and the plasma paste boriding method, which was developed in this work, on the Ti6Al4V alloy. In the first stage of this work, Ti6Al4V samples were treated by pack solid boriding at 750, 850, 950, and 1050ºC for 3 and 6 hours using the boriding agent Ekabor 2. Paste plasma boriding treatment was carried out in a vacuum reactor using a gas ratio of 40% H2, 40% N2 and 20% Ar with a boriding agent supplied by a solid paste rich in this element. The second stage involved the development of a plasma boriding treatment with solid paste, which included the study of four different pastes: paste 1 composed of 80% Ekabor 2® – 20% Na2B4O7, paste 2 with 100% Na2B4O7, paste 3 with 70% Na2B4O7 – 30% SiC, and paste 4 with 30% Na2B4O7 – 70% SiC. After being molded onto the samples, these pastes were subjected to a plasma treatment at 650°C for 3 hours. For the third stage of this work, the plasma boriding treatment was carried out at 650°C and 700°C for 3 and 6 hours respectively, using the paste that demonstrated the best results in terms of stability and characteristics of the formed layer. In the pack solid boriding process, boron diffusion was identified at temperatures of 850, 950, and 1050ºC in 3 and 6 hours, with the formation of a layer containing the TiB2 (titanium diboride) and TiB (titanium boride) phases. However, in all samples treated in the pack solid boriding process, the presence of pores and the formation of the TiO2 phase were observed. This oxide is formed due to the high affinity of oxygen for titanium, and this phase hinders the regular diffusion of boron in the substrate and weakens the layer. At 950ºC for 3 and 6 hours, the layers showed better regularity, thicknesses of 89.052 ± 5.462 µm and 76.107 ± 4.262 µm, surface hardness of 1247.9 ± 120.9 HV and 1025.4 ± 46.3 HV respectively, and the formation of TiB2 and TiB phases. In plasma boriding, the pastes with the highest concentrations of borax (Na2B4O7), pastes 2, 3, and 4, produced a layer without pores, with the formation of TiB2 and TiB phases, without the presence of the TiO2 phase. Paste 3 showed the best results, with a layer thickness of 11.602 ± 0.436 µm, a hardness of 663.9 ± 86.6 HV, and the presence of TiB2 and TiB phases. The condition of paste 3 was used for the development of the third stage of this work. It was observed that in terms of layer thickness, hardness, boron concentration, and phases formed, the treatments performed for 3 hours presented the best results at 650 and 700ºC, with a total layer thickness of 11.602 ± 0.436 µm and 6.429 ± 0.619 µm, respectively, with hardnesses of 663.9 ± 86.6 HV and 768.3 ± 50.7 HV, and TiB2 and TiB phases formed. The plasma boriding process showed better results compared to the solid process due to it managed to diffuse the boron, forming the desired layer with the TiB2 and TiB phases present, without defects or porosity, and without the formation of the TiO2 phase.
Marcadores de potência circulatória e ventilatória em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2: influência do controle glicêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Santos, Letícia Menegalli; Silva, Claudio Donisete da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3915645562379689; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5285010928938389
Cardiorespiratory function has been shown to be impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Circulatory power (CP) and ventilatory power (VP) obtained by the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) are indices that assess the integrity cardiopulmonary, however, the influence of glycemic control on these indicators still deserves be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of glycemic control on CP indices and VP in T2DM. METHODS: Individuals with T2DM of both genders aged between 40 and 64 years who, after carrying out a laboratory blood test, were allocated into two groups of according to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in: good glycemic control (GGC, n=11, HbA1c ≤ 7%) and poor glycemic control (PGC, n=26, HbA1c > 7%). All participants underwent CPET on a treadmill, applying the Bruce protocol with increment in incline and speed every 3 minutes. For ergospirometric analysis, an Oxycon Mobile® gas analyzer was used and peak (consumption oxygen) VO2 was considered the highest value observed in the last 30 seconds of the test. CP values were obtained by the product of peak VO2 by systolic blood pressure (SBP) and VP by SBP division by ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2slope). The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics, except for the expected fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. As for the CP and VP indices, the groups with different glycemic profiles were also similar, CP: GGC:4756.05±1061.67 and PGC: 4434.15±1247.83 mmHg.ml.kg-1min-1 p=0.460 and VP: GGC: 5.85±1.08 and PGC: 5.86±1.31 mmHg.ml.kg-1min-1 p=0.978. CONCLUSION: Regardless of glycemic control, the cardiopulmonary integrity indices, CP and VP, were similar in individuals with T2DM. The predictive capacity of these variables on health outcomes deserves further investigation. in T2DM.
Processos de tornar-se mentora: um estudo de caso sobre uma participante do Programa Híbrido de Mentoria da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Tiba, Aline Massako Murakami; Souza, Ana Paula Gestoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662760426985944; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2952826046292890
The research, qualitative in nature, is a case study, whose overall objective was to identify and analyze the processes of becoming a mentor of an experienced teacher who was a participant in a hybrid mentoring program. To do so, it was necessary to undertake an investigation project that culminated in the following research question: How were the processes of becoming a mentor of an experienced teacher who participated in a hybrid mentoring program constructed/constituted? To try to answer the question, three specific objectives were constructed that could guide the research to understand the construction and constitution of such processes. Namely, they were: i. To identify and analyze the processes related to changes in professional identity from teacher/coordinator to mentor; ii. To identify and analyze the processes related to the construction of the knowledge base for mentoring; iii. To verify the contributions of the participation of the mentor in the HMP for her professional performance. In view of these objectives, it was essential to seek information that could provide elements that would contribute to the understanding that the research is questioned and, for this, the documents written by the participant throughout her participation in the program were used. The documents were the letter written to herself, relating the journey experienced in the Hybrid Mentoring Program (HMP), the choices made, the challenges, the tensions, the learning acquired; the Mentoring Diary, between the years 2018 and 2020, whose purpose was to record the accompaniment to the beginning teacher and propitiate the mentor to reflect on the actions of the beginning teachers (BT), as well as on her own interventions in mentoring; The Annual Reports sent to FAPESP (2018-2019; 2019-2020; 2020-2021); the Discussion Forum (2019) held with the group of mentors and researchers; the Mentoring Balances, proposed at the end of each semester and the Training Modules for mentoring. Through the reading, analysis, and interpretation of the data presented in the documents, determinant elements were identified for the discussion of the results that helped in the elaboration of four axes of analysis, namely: Image of being a mentor; Tensions; Elements of the knowledge base for mentoring; and Contributions to teaching practice as a trainer. The results brought important indications about the construction and constitution of the processes of becoming a mentor of the participant, through exercises of reflection of the practices that were practiced and that could be improved; elements of the knowledge base for mentoring, such as the sensitive and empathetic listening of the mentor who tried to understand the formative needs of the beginning teachers, in an attempt to provide strategies that could promote their professional autonomy. In addition, the HMP provided a space for training and support for the consolidation of her work as a mentor, as well as the collaboration of the fellow mentors, a support network that was essential for the professional development as a mentor/trainer, thus elaborating a possible identity as a mentor.
Corrigir e ajustar: as propostas para a educação nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Higiene Mental (1925-1947)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Carraro, Mariana; Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7263318849588556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3137083383854860
The mental hygiene movement was characterized by the prevention of mental diseases by means of correction and treatment of human psychic and social “maladjustments”. In Brazil, it had the Brazilian League of Mental Hygiene (LBHM) as the protagonist, founded in 1923 in Rio de Janeiro. In its magazine Brazilian Archives of Mental Hygiene (ABHM), the League developed its ideas and plans of action regarding the main social problems of the period, seeking to build a new Brazil. This work follows the perspective of dialectical historical materialism, and adopts bibliographic and documental research and bibliometric and content analysis as methodological procedures. Thus, a broad panorama of the LBHM and the ABHM was drawn, especially regarding the articles that address the theme of education, which make up a significant part of the documentary corpus studied. The objective of the research was to analyze the conceptions of education expressed in the ABHM, between the years of 1925 and 1947, and its role in the project of nation designed by the institution. Content indicators were established for articles referring to school and education published in the ABHM, according to the main subjects addressed by them: Psychology, Special Education, Education and School, Euphrenia and Mental Hygiene and Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. Investigating how the medical-pedagogical vision disseminated in the ABHM was imposed on the main agents of the educational process - the school, the teachers and the family -, the initial hypothesis was confirmed: that the dissemination of the values of mental hygiene defended by the Brazilian League of Mental Hygiene should start from childhood in the family and at school, in order to “shape” these individuals for their social adjustment according to the concept of “normality” developed by the institution. According to the ABHM, each individual should occupy a specific place in society, and this place was established according to their “capacities”, considered to be mostly biological for most of the authors who wrote in the magazine, equipped with a scientific discourse that intended to be neutral and apolitical.
Prevenção de riscos e agravos à saúde dos trabalhadores no contexto hospitalar à luz da Teoria da Atividade Histórico-Cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Ferreira, Beatriz Eliseu; Mininel, Vivian Aline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557060516800427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9905143003139823
Introduction: concerns for workers' health in the hospital environment have been a relevant theme, especially in the scenario of the Covid-19 pandemic. Prevention of risks and injuries and promotion of workers' health is the key to reduce accidents and work-related diseases, absenteeism, and turnover, as well as providing quality health care and promote the well-being and safety of workers. Goal: to understand the activity of preventing risks and injuries to workers' health in the hospital context). Method: an ethnographic study, anchored in the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, developed in a University Hospital in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected from individual semi-structured interviews with professionals from the Specialized Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine Service (SESMT) and managers, field observation and document analysis, in the period from September 2021 to January 2022. We interviewed 14 professionals, carried out 20 hours of field observation that included monitoring the routine of the SESMT, prioritizing the observation of activities, attendance flows, work process and actions developed by different professionals, in addition to the documentary analysis of websites, professionals' work plans, contingency report and absenteeism data. Results: historical and empirical analysis of the current activity show the beginning of SEMST activities, from actions in hygiene and safety of the hospital revitalization process after federalization, the formation of the team, the changes facing the pandemic context in the physical, human resources and operational reorganization of the hospital and the impact on the work process. The main contradictions are related to inadequate infrastructure, under-dimensioning of the team, communication problems between sectors and workers, non-compliance with rules, the purpose of the service and organizational failures. Events over the years have expanded the health needs of workers, which represents an expansion of the object, pointing out that elements such as rules and instruments need to be restructured to cover this new demand, thus rebuilding the SA. Conclusions: in the service studied, the headcount is insufficient and there is no direction for early intervention in relation to illness and occupational accidents; on the contrary, punctual actions are proposed after the exacerbation of problems and to the detriment of legal provisions.
Determinação experimental de Coeficientes de Atrito de diferentes partículas para aplicação na modelagem de escoamentos densos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Andrade, Larissa Pacheco; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8037975977672393
Systems involving particles are very common in many engineering applications. The interaction between these particles and of them with the equipment surfaces can strongly affect their dis-tribution, which will often influence the yield or efficiency of a process. Because of this, it is important to know how this interaction takes place. Friction coefficients are fundamental pa-rameters for studying the movement and interaction of particles, especially when their concen-tration is high. The direct determination of these coefficients is often a complex task, since their measurement can be affected by a number of factors, such as the flatness of the surface and the shape of the particle. Because of this, there are few works that make the direct exper-imental determination of these coefficients. Studies relating these parameters to the character-istics of particles and surfaces are even rarer. In this context, this work aimed to obtain exper-imentally the coefficients of static and dynamic friction of particles with different physical, elastic and surface properties, and to test different methodologies for their determination. Ac-rylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), fluorelastomer, nitrile rubber, alumina and porcelain par-ticles were used in these tests. Two methodologies were used to determine the rolling friction coefficient: ASTM G194-08 (2008) and the oblique throw method proposed by Goya et al. (2014) and Neto and Cruz (2015). For the sliding friction coefficient, two other methodolo-gies were used: the inclined plane method (Lima, 2017) and the method of determination from the analysis of data obtained by the inclined ramp method (Goya et al., 2014). Acrylic and glass surfaces were used to determine the friction coefficients for the particle-surface pairs. The results showed that there is an influence of surface and elastic properties on the co-efficients. Furthermore, it was possible to verify that the applied method can also have an in-fluence on the values of the coefficients. For rolling friction, for example, the different meth-ods resulted in similar values only for particles with more uniform surfaces, indicating that care is needed in choosing the method when working with particles with less uniform surfac-es. The present study was mainly useful in comparing direct methods for determining friction coefficients. However, further investigation of the influence of particle properties on these parameters is necessary, in order to enable the correlation of these variables.
Eficácia da terapia por ondas de choque em disfunções musculoesqueléticas: revisão sistemática com meta-análise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Menezes, Athilas Braga de; Liebano, Richard Eloin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397951221512127; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0367605126456131
Shockwave Therapy (SWT) has been an innovative intervention for the management of pain in musculoskeletal disorders. However, similar to any type of intervention, SWT needs to be compared to another inert treatment intervention, commonly called a placebo. There are several clinical trials comparing SWT to placebo, however, there are no systematic reviews that assess whether SWT is superior to placebo in musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of SWT compared to placebo in musculoskeletal disorders. The primary outcome was pain intensity. Secondary outcomes were adherence to treatment and whether there was a blinded analysis in the included studies. In addition, the risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence. Within the eligibility criteria, 76 studies were included, totaling 5037 participants. Our study found that studies that use SWT for musculoskeletal disorders show good adherence to treatment, with a loss of participants less than 9%, with no differences between the active SWT or placebo SWT groups, however, only four studies that used focal SWT performed analysis of successful blinding of its participants. On average, studies with focal SWT had a mean score of 6.7 points, with a moderate risk of bias, and 7.5 points for radial SWT, with a low risk of bias. For the primary outcome, there were only data from 3951 participants available to perform the pain intensity meta-analysis. For pain intensity, we performed sub-analyses for general, focal and radial SWT, in addition to evaluating its effectiveness in relation to the region of the body that SWT was applied to. The evaluations also took into account the moment of time that was evaluated, being evaluated soon after the treatment protocol, after 6 weeks and after 3, 6 and 12 months. We found that there was a decrease in pain intensity when using SWT in general compared to placebo after all time segments evaluated, however, when evaluating radial and focal SWT alone, it was more effective right after the treatment protocol and after 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Overall, the quality of evidence from SWT-related studies is too low for the low quality of evidence by GRADE. In conclusion, it was observed that, in general, SWT was more effective than placebo in all time segments, however, the type of SWT when used and for what period should be carefully considered. Studies related to SWT have a low risk of bias, it is a therapy with excellent adherence, however the quality of the evidence of the studies is very low to low and there is a need to perform more analysis on the success of blinding in this type of study.
Direito líquido: uma análise da materialização do estado de liquefação da estrutura jurídica nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Pipino, Marina Beatriz Ferreira; Martinez, Vinício Carrilho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241016271804243
The objective of the present work is to highlight and analyze how scientific and technological development affected the national legal framework. Law is the matter chosen to establish the rules and other archetypes of social functioning. As an inherent part of society, the law reflects in its determinations the changes that society is experiencing. In the current perspective, as well as society, the law has undergone significant transformations as a result of the scientific and technological development that affected its structure, generating the following question: if the law is an inherent part of society and society has been modified by modernity, being in a state of liquefaction, then the law and its legal structure were also modified, being in the liquefaction phase. What characteristics of modernity would be present infiltrating the Brazilian legal structure? How is the national legal framework liquefying? The CTS field is an interdisciplinary area of study that brings society, science and technology together. In this way, the CTS field presented itself as the most fertile field for us to establish communication in order to analyze how scientific and technological development affected the national legal structure, answering our guiding questions. Within this field, Bauman's work “Modernidade Líquida” was the theoretical framework listed to scrutinize the inquiries, which in the end revealed the materialization of liquidity in the national legal structure. In order to reach the purpose of answering the questions and verifying at what point liquid modernity affected national law, we apply the complex methodology proposed by Morin (2004) which infers that it is not possible to think about knowledge in isolation, it is necessary to think about it in an isolated way. interdisciplinary. Together, the methodological procedures of bibliographic, historical, documentary and comparative review were also applied.
O impacto de programas de educação cívica promovidos pelo poder legislativo como política pública institucional para formação cidadã: lições a partir do Parlamento Jovem mineiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Cardozo, Denise; Casalecchi, Gabriel Avila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9759794253878555; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0617324307302419
The thematic questioning of this study guides the need to face the resumption of the debate of the so-called "institutional confidence crisis", analyzes the conjectures to investigate the relationship regarding the knowledge and the attrition scenario of Brazilian institutions and politics, and directs the project to examine the contribution of public policies to civic education programs developed by the Legislative Houses in Brazil. The research used a quantitative and almost experimental method, through data from a survey of the Young Parliament Program of the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (PJ), 2008 edition, which promoted two rounds of questions (pre-test and post-test ) between two groups: young participants (treatment) and young non-participants (control). The study tested the relationship between citizenship and civic culture on issues related to knowledge, behavior and participation in democracy. In conclusion, the data initially made it possible to sustain premises of failures in civic education; confirm that activities improve the image of trust in the brazilian institution, fact already found in the literature in this regard; and, consolidate concepts that drive research on education such as citizen transformation and democratic support. However, the data also allowed us to reflect on the fragility of this first edition of the program (PJ) as it did not obtain results on broader knowledge of political sophistication and did not immediately impact behaviors such as adherence to democracy, trust in other institutions and interest in politics among the young participants. On the other hand, it also allowed us to reflect on the impact that the Program (PJ) had as an example of transforming public policy, as it was a role model for the institution of this type of program in thousands of other legislative houses, assemblies and municipal councils, even gaining a national program at the Congress. It also allowed a very important compendium of research, which later tested, in broader periods, the immediate and late effects that this important type of instrument can contribute to citizen education and the strengthening of democracy.
O exercício aeróbio associado à terapia de contensão induzida modificada em indivíduos hemiparéticos crônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-31) Silva, Erika Shirley Moreira da; Santos, Gabriela Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1832255035854519; Russo, Thiago Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8456115960152087
Introduction: Recovery of upper limb movements in individuals after a stroke is still a challenge. The modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) presents strong evidence for increasing the use and the recovery of sensorimotor function of the paretic upper limb. Recent studies have also shown that the combination of aerobic exercise (AE) with moderate-high intensity with specific-task training can maximize functional gains. Objectives: To determine the effect of task-oriented training (TOT) priming on upper limb assessments in individuals after chronic stroke. To verify the effect of moderate-high intensity aerobic exercise training in association to CIMT to improve the use and the sensorimotor performance of paretic upper limb in chronic hemiparetic individuals. Methods: PubMed CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PEDro databases were searched in October 2019. Outcome data were grouped into measurement categories considering the functional domains of the International Classification (body function and activity). Twenty-five chronic hemiparetic individuals were randomized into two groups: AE + CIMT and Control + CIMT. Feasibility was assessed by eligibility and retention rates, adherence, and satisfaction questionnaire. The occurrence of adverse events was used as a safety criterion. Efficiency measures were evaluated with the primary endpoints: Box and Block Test (BBT), Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and the secondary endpoint Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS -QoL). Normality and homogeneity tests and descriptive analysis were applied. A significant level 5% was considered. Thirty-six studies using various types of TOT were included. Stimulation priming showed a significant effect on the Motor Activity Log (quantity: MD 0.50, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.94, P = 0.03 and quality: MD 0.50, 95% CI 0.06 a 0.94, P = 0.03) and upper limb sensorimotor recovery by Fugl-Meyer (MS-FMA) (MD 3.02, 95% CI 0.48 to 5.56, P = 0.02). Regarding sensory priming, significant effects were observed for MS-FMA (MD 4.77, 95% CI 3.25 to 6.29, P < 0.0001) and Action Research Arm Test (MD 7.47, 95% CI 4.52 to 10.42, P<0.0001). For motion priming, significant effects were observed for MS-FMA (MD 8.64, 95% CI 10.85 to 16.43, P < 0.0001). The evidence for action observation priming was inconclusive. Eligibility and adherence rates were 27.1% and 99.2%, respectively. All patients were evaluated at 30-day follow-up, but only 68% returned at 90 days. For the manual dexterity evaluated by the BBT, there was an improvement in all the follow-up. However, we found a minimally significant clinical difference at 90 days in the AEG. Both groups improved the amount and quality of use measured by MAL, WMFT time and FAS. However, it was not observed in the 90 days of AEG for use and in the WMFT time. Quality of life improved throughout the follow-up, with a greater increase for AEG compared to CG. Improvements were maintained at follow-up (day 30). No significant improvement was observed for NHPT, grip strength, and pinch strength. Conclusion: We observed that priming and task-oriented training for upper limb motor recovery in individuals after stroke could be a promising strategy. Movement priming using EA positively affects the brain, cognitive, and health functions, in addition to increasing motor skill learning. Moderate to high-intensity interval AE is a viable and safe option associated with mTCI, with good adherence, leading to improved sensorimotor function. Aerobic exercise as priming should be considered a promising technique to improve motor recovery after stroke.