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Fitorremediação: uma técnica potencial em áreas agrícolas contaminadas com metais pesados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-24)
Nogueira, Samuel Baldin
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Baron, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1001796615793937
Soil contamination, caused by rapid human development, negatively affects the quality and quantity of food. Among the contaminants, heavy metals (HMs) are notorious because they cause harmful effects on humans, such as DNA deterioration and inhibition of neurotransmitters. In addition, HMs negatively affect plant organisms, causing a decrease in photosynthetic and plant growth, etc. Currently, Brazil is listed among the countries in the ecological risk zone due to HMs; furthermore, it has records of contamination by these elements in agricultural areas in the São Paulo state. Thus, it is essential to use techniques that decontaminate soils, and among these techniques, there is phytoremediation. This technique uses plantsas remedial agents so that the plant organisms will remediate the contaminants. Plant species suitable for these functions need to have specific "skills", such as the hyperaccumulation of contaminants and tolerance to abiotic stresses, for example, turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Phytoremediation is indicated as sustainable and economically viable; however, no studies in Brazil indicate and prove its economic viability, making it a "gap" in the national literature. Therefore, to solve this scarce information, we conducted a hypothetical scenario of a sugarcane field in Mogi Guaçu-SP, which presented contamination above the limit allowed by CETESB (cetesb.sp.gov.br/areas-contaminadas/relacao-de-area-contaminadas) for pollutants categorized by 'metals' (generic definition established by this state agency), so we simulated the performance of agricultural land remediation using turnip as a phytoremediator. We use microeconomics concepts to perform financial calculations and conduct questionnaires with producers, resellers, and bioenergy plants to estimate production price. Our results were published in the journal 'Revista Ciência, Tecnologia e Ambiente' in a 'Research Article format' in 2022 [doi.org/10.4322/2359-6643.12213]. We found that the economic deficit caused by phytoremediation was US$ 536.43/ha, which is higher than the annual profit from sugarcane production, US$178,81/ha. Furthermore, in our hypothetical scenario, the cost of phytoremediation in m³ (considering 0.20m depth) is ~US$5. Therefore, we conclude that phytoremediation is a potential and easily applicable technique for the decontamination and conservation of soils polluted with HMs in Brazilian agricultural lands.
Big data e privacidade na web: uma análise acerca dos metadados coletados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-24)
Almeida, Alexandra Cristina dos Santos
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Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397
In view of technological advances and the expansion of the Internet, the production and exchange of information between individuals and organizations has intensified. In this context, Big Data emerges, a technology that offers potential for the development of companies in different sectors, in addition to being a new field of activity for librarians and information scientists. Despite the benefits, there are still challenges for its implementation, such as Informational Privacy issues. With this parameter, the present research is configured as an exploratory approach, in order to understand Big Data, analyze and record how data and Metadata are collected and identify issues related to Privacy on the Web. It is concluded that Big Data and its use is a reality that tends to increase. However, there are still many challenges to be faced. There is a need for high investment in its Infrastructure and Information Security Policies aimed at protecting and taking care in its data collection, storage and processing practices, ensuring in addition to security, but in its ethical and social character, transparency with the individuals.
Saberes de professores da Educação Infantil sobre a BNCC: fontes, apropriações, implicações e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-24)
Pimenta, Júlia Ines Pinheiro Bolota
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Sommerhalder, Aline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4775432120371947
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8747221120546074
The approval of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC/2018) as an educational policy of a normative/prescriptive nature for basic education provoked the need to reflect on teaching activities, especially in early childhood education. This study investigated how early childhood education teachers appropriate the knowledge articulated by the educational policy - BNCC, highlighting what were the sources of knowledge of early childhood education teachers about this new policy, its appropriations and challenges. We sought to understand how its regulations and norms had repercussions on the professional knowledge of early childhood education teachers. The objective was to identify and describe the origins of teachers' knowledge about the BNCC, through attentive listening to these early childhood education professionals, according to their way of understanding this document. It also proposed to analyze how the teachers narrated the appropriation of this curricular policy, mapping the teaching knowledge used and their contribution to their development in the teachers' performance. Understanding how teachers appropriated the references articulated by educational policy helped to understand how these regulations impacted educational practices and the constitution of teaching knowledge, especially in early childhood education. The theoretical framework was based on two main pillars: the curricular issue, discussed and analyzed under the BNCC approach; and the training and knowledge of teachers seeking sources of information that build teaching knowledge, aiming at the early childhood education stage. The study was based on the concepts of curriculum presented by Gimeno Sacristán (1998, 2000) and Silva (2011), among others and, specifically on early childhood education, with the contributions of Kramer (1997, 2002, 2006), Barbosa and Horn (2008 ) and Oliveira (2010). Regarding the most relevant contributions regarding teaching knowledge, support was sought from Freire (1986), Tardif (2014), Tardif and Raymond (2000) in addition to Borges (2003, 2004). The used approach was qualitative and the questionnaires and interviews were the collection instruments used with the teachers in the perspective of narratives, to understand the attributed meaning on the impact caused by the homologation of the new educational policy. Bardin's Content Analysis (20016) was used as inspiration for data processing. Along the way, it was possible to perceive that the essential information about the BNCC was acquired in the educational context itself, in a fragmented way and according to the available information. With the outcome of the analysis, the results showed the great difficulty of the teachers in accessing information that could collaborate with the understanding of the determination, the importance of rescuing the knowledge of the experience and the expansion of knowledge caused by the change. In view of the constructed understandings, it is emphasized that policies developed at the central level, when only passed on to teachers and schools, destabilize teaching knowledge and the certainties produced by the knowledge of experience, throwing teachers into a “disorienting dilemma”, requiring reflection in training actions for its incorporation.
Tendência de HIV Aids entre adultos no Brasil: de 2010 a 2017
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-25)
Ceratti, Amanda
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Uehara, Sílvia Carla da Silva André
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903413440784581
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7122576428082503
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-5025
Objective: to analyze the trend of AIDS incidence coefficients and possible points of changes in adults aged 20 to 59 years in Brazil from 2010 to 2017. Method: ecological study of temporal and local series, with data referring to the period from 2010 to 2017, collected at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System and on the page from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The cases were divided by regions in Brazil, gender and age group, and to analyze changes in annual incidences by gender and age group, a joinpoint regression model was used. Results: AIDS showed a growing trend among males aged 20 to 29 years in Midwest, Northeast and North regions and remained, for the most part, stationary in the other age groups in both sexes. Conclusion: the need to strengthen Primary Health Care in its role in preventing HIV infection, as well as early detection of seropositive cases and initiation of treatment before reaching AIDS stage; and to expand access to specialized services in other regions beyond of the Southeast and South. Prevention actions and guidelines aimed at the male audience should be stimulated, and also discussed in the school environment, on an ongoing basis, with young people.
Eletrodeposição de filmes do tipo Ni-X (X=P, Cu ou Cu-P) a partir de banhos contendo aspartato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-25)
Brito, Matheus Macedo de
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Carlos, Ivani Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8347006546156618
In the present work, aspects related to the electrodeposition of Ni-based metal films - either pure metal or Ni-P, Ni-Cu, and Ni-Cu-P alloys - from baths containing aspartate complexes as electroactive species and hypophosphite anion as the source of phosphorus for the alloys containing this element were addressed. Stable solutions were obtained at pH 6.0, which allowed the formation of the desired codeposits, with the P content in the Ni-P alloy ranging from 15 to 22%, the Cu content in the Ni-Cu alloy ranging from 13 to 22%, while in the Ni-Cu-P alloy, the P content ranged from 1 to 3% and the Cu content was in the range of 24 to 43%, depending on the current density applied for electrodeposition. It was observed that the process efficiencies were affected by the presence of P and Cu, with the former leading to a decrease and the latter leading to an increase in this parameter. The morphology of the films that did not contain Cu was always smooth, with few or no grain boundaries visible by microscopy, while the alloys containing Cu showed the formation of dendritic structures on the electrode surface. Surface composition analysis revealed the presence of Ni(II) oxides in all samples, Cu(II) in Ni-Cu and Ni-Cu-P alloys, and, in the films containing P, the presence of oxidized P(III) and P(V) species were observed. The deposition condition of -60 mA cm-2 with a total load of 40 C cm-2 was selected to produce films for corrosion tests, with the Ni-P film showing superior corrosion resistance in NaCl medium than the Ni-Cu and Ni-Cu-P films, which are shown to be better than the Ni film. The higher corrosion resistance of the Ni-P film was correlated to the presence of surface Ni(II) and P(V) species, which act as a protective layer.
Quantificação e caracterização de microplásticos na atmosfera de São Carlos – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-25)
Ferraz, Gabriel Marcondes
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Zucolotto, Valtencir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5768000922241088
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Urban, Roberta Cerasi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985
With the rampant use of plastics, combined with the annual increase in its production, a large generation of waste is often incorrectly disposed of, resulting in plastic pollution in the environment, including macro, micro, and nanoplastic pollution. Therefore, the present work aimed to quantify and characterize physical and chemically atmospheric MPs in the city of São Carlos. For this purpose, samples containing MPs were collected, using active and/or passive sampling, indoors and outdoors Doutor Álvaro Guião State School. In the outdoors, the mean concentrations of MPs in the samples were 0.82 ± 0.73 fragments m-3 using an active sampler, and 38.69 ± 20.89 fragments m-2 day-1 and 1.26 ± 0, 88 fibers m-2 day-1 in the dry season, and 25.63 ± 25.51 fragments m-2 day-1 and 0.29 ± 0.51 fibers m-2 day-1 in the rainy season using a passive sampler. Indoors, using passive sampling, the mean concentration was 39.84 ± 22.43 fragments m-2 day-1 and 18.08 ± 6.09 fibers m-2 day-1 in the dry period, and 10.52 ± 17.95 fragments m-2 day-1 and 7.56 ± 4.55 fibers m-2 day-1 in the rainy season. Statistically significant seasonal variation was verified indoors for both morphologies. In addition, fiber concentrations, in the dry and rainy periods, were higher indoors compared to outdoors. The fragments determined in the samples were smaller than the fibers regardless of the type of sampling and whether in an outdoor or indoor ambient. The colors were variable in both morphologies. The built prediction model, the PLS-DA model, for the 12 classes (PS, PC, PET, PLA, Polyester, PP, PU, PE, PLA, Ethylene-Octene,, EVA and MCE Filter) with 11 Latent Variables allowed the explanation of 88.48% of the variance found, with an overall Mean Squared Cross Validation Error of 7.36 ± 6.16%. The majority component of the MPs was Polyester/PET, determined in 100% of the samples. Its proportion ranged from 29 to 100%, followed by EVA (0 to 57%), PE (0 to, 14%) and Ethylene-Octene (0 to 5%). The MPs ubiquity has been demonstrated, as well as the importance of more studies on atmospheric MPs and their implications on the environment and health.
Introdução à teoria da medida e integração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-27)
Maekawa, Lucas Hideo
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9606661651573155
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8756831488444066
The Lebesgue measure is an important concept with applications in the Lebesgue integral, in the axiomatization of probabilities, and in the definion of integral of spaces more general than the euclidian spaces. This essay presents an introductory study in σ-algebras, measures, exterior measures, the Lebesgue measure, and integrals.
O trabalho do coordenador pedagógico em discussão: um olhar sobre o município de Indaiatuba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-28)
Pires, Beatriz Barros
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Lima, Paulo Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
The purpose of this course conclusion work was to identify and learn about the aspects that built and build the pedagogical coordinator, as well as the difficulties related to the freshness of his profession within the educational field, analyzing through a historical clipping, the establishment of the public education, with an eye on Early Childhood Education, in order to also understand, in which political, economic, social and cultural contexts, predisposed the forwarding of these actions. In an attempt to understand the characteristics of this professional in practice, to know and discuss the spectrum of education that the city of Indaiatuba/SP defends and thus contextualize with the statements presented by the authors, approaching or distancing, we carried out a research through the application of a questionnaire to pedagogical coordinators of municipal Early Childhood Education schools of Basic Education, available in online format. The choice for this means of application was based on two specific questions that complement each other. Firstly, because of the guarantee of absolute secrecy of the information conceived and secondly, because it had the help of the Indaiatuba Department of Education, which made it possible to make it available to all pedagogical coordinators of Basic Education in Indaiatuba/SP, these being, residents of that municipality. As selective criteria for respondents, these individuals were required to be pedagogical coordinators of the stages corresponding to Basic Education, being professionals in municipal schools, and residents of the municipality of Indaiatuba/SP. The path traced in the questionnaire was, at first, to know this professional, his personal professional characteristics, soon after, we asked about his practice, his function and aspects that encompass his profession. Finally, we analyze their actions within the context of the municipality, as well as within their reality in the institution, and how these environments affect their continuing education.
Regimes de verdade em territórios surdos: mídias sociais como dispositivos biopolíticos nos processos de subjetivação de vidas surdas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-28)
Conceição-de Andrade, Bianca Salles
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Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9295938416248985
The Brazilian Sign Language - Libras has steadily gained notoriety in society, marking important milestones. Among them, we can highlight laws, decrees, social movements, and rights the deaf communities conquered by means of resistance. Social media has increased the visibility of deaf people and Libras, accelerating the dissemination of information. In the current federal government (2019-2022), the first lady's advocacy of the deaf communities remains as an emblem for the campaign and the social acts of the government. Therefore, the volume of publicity of materials available in the (digital and television) media in sign language has increased. However, crucial issues, such as bilingual education and professionalization of translators and interpreters, has not been looked at. On the other hand, they have been labelled as volunteer work. In this sense, we support this thesis as: the social recognition of Libras and its presence in social media extended the linguistic right and the presence of the deaf in society. At the same time, it produced three regimes of truth (conservative, progressive and publicized). They are the founding basis for the processes of subjectivation of deaf lives and of their territories anchored by biopolitics. Therefore, the objective of the research was to problematize the production process of these three regimes of truth. These regimes are socially dispersed and potentiate the processes of subjectivation of deaf lives from the effects of biopolitical media devices, which engulf Libras and the deaf in the contemporary neoliberal context. I adopt the philosophies of difference to support the research. The regimes of truth, developed by Michel Foucault, and the processes of subjectivation in an encounter between Félix Guattari and Michel Foucault were selected as tool concepts. Principles of Michel Foucault's anarchaeological methodology underpins this research. Two data collections were conducted: 1) the selection of videos in social media that have the potential to function as biopolitical devices and 2) semi-structured interviews with ten questions and four participants, necessarily deaf, signers and of legal age, on these same videos. All interviews were recorded and conducted in Libras remotely. Finally, the answers were translated from Libras into Portuguese. The analyzes were based on three construction axes, namely: 1) conservative truth regimes, 2) progressive truth regimes and 3) publicized truth regimes. From the triangulation between these analytical axes, bringing points about the selected social media and the speeches of the participants, we argue that Libras has been an agency device of these three regimes of truth. However, we also affirm that, even in capturing the deaf movement for the production of conservative speeches aligned with neoliberalism, there are always spaces for resistance in other forms of production of subjectivation processes, in a more active force. Hopefully, this thesis can contribute to advances in the field of deaf studies, as well as bring actions to the field of education and reflective-active practices for more plural forms of the processes of subjectivation of deaf lives.
Metodologias de sínteses de nanoestruturas de dissulfeto de molibdênio (MoS2) via rotas top-down e bottom-up e aplicações para remediação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-28)
Schneider, Rodrigo
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8667292843233423
The development of nanostructured platforms and nanocomposites has shown potential for applications aimed at pollutants mitigation. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of these versatile nanomaterials that can act as pollutant removal agents due to its characteristics such as high surface area, functional groups, chemical stability, thermal stability and 2D structure, having been applied in adsorption systems and filtering systems of dyes of organic and inorganic molecules. However, factors linked to the cost, time required and efficiency of synthesis routes, in view of the proposed environmental applications are challenging. Therefore, in the project new experimental conditions for the bottom-up and top-down syntheses of molybdenum disulfide nanostructures have been proposed, which were combined to produce nanocomposites. By investigating the morphology of each molybdenum disulfide obtained and their characteristics, it was possible to use them in different environmental remediation systems, including dye adsorption, metal adsorption, membrane modification and metal detection. Initially, it was found that different processing routes contribute to the exfoliation process and increase the exposed area of the MoS2 sheets. The top-down synthesis, for example, has the capacity to increase the Pb(II) ion removal efficiency, reaching a capacity of 740.7 mg.g-1. It was also found that the bottom-up route is more advantageous for removing dye (macromolecule) compared to MoS2 synthesized by top-down or unprocessed route, reaching adsorption capacity of 111.2 mg.g-1 of MoS2. When the MoS2 synthesized by the bottom-up route was immobilized on commercial Polysulfone filtration membranes, the membrane efficiency rose from 79% to 99% for rejection of the Direct Red dye and from 76% to 91% for the Congo Red dye. In addition, MoS2 Quantum Dots were obtained with a quantum yielding ranging from 7-13,2% with ability to detect heavy metals ions. Among different ions, Cupper (II) could be detected in laboratory assays in the linear logarithmic range from 1-1000 μM, with detection of <0.38 μM. In general, our results show the potential of the proposed routes to obtain MoS2 of different morphologies and their nanocomposites for applications in environmental remediation.
Influência da adição de Co e Ni e da taxa de resfriamento na microestrutura de solidificação, nas propriedades mecânicas e na corrosão de ligas Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Fe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-28)
Xavier, Marcella Gautê Cavalcante
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1461465373583248
An important strategy by 2050 will be to transform the production of recycled Al-Si alloys as a viable and sustainable source to reach the global demand for Al. The challenge will be to mitigate the deleterious effects caused mainly by the presence of the Fe element in these alloys. An alternative is to modify the composition of the alloy by adding a modifying agent and thus obtaining changes in its properties. Thus, this work examined two different alloy groups of typical industrial scraps: one representing low solute Al-Si alloys, Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.35%Cu-0.25% Zn and another with a high solute content, Al-8%Si-0.8%Fe-2.5%Cu-1.0%Zn, (in wt.%). These alloys were independently modified using Co and Ni and evaluated regarding their as-cast structures. The presence of both Fe-contaning α and β phases was observed in samples solidified under cooling rates of about 10-1 a 102 oC/s by directional solidification (DS) and copper mold centrifugal casting, (C). High solute contents turned the Al-rich dendrites morphologies and, therefore, a substantial microstructural refinement was attained. Large range microstructure maps were obtained with λ1 and λ2 (35 µm – 502 µm; 4.3 µm – 31 µm, for low contents) and (37.5 µm – 331 µm; 10 µm – 32 µm, for high contents) associated with solidification thermal variables. The Co additions of 0.5 wt% and 0.7 wt%, reached higher values of tensile strength (201 MPa) without major losses in ductility (~10%). The corrosion resistance of the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.35%Cu-0.25%Zn-0.5%-Ni alloy was superior to the other tested alloys in conditions of long periods of exposure through immersion tests.
O potencial formativo dos momentos de estágio supervisionado: diálogo entre estes momentos e a superação da violência direcionada às pessoas LGBTQIAPN+
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-28)
Silvestre, David Antonio Palla
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Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853746645322544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0918753441382975
The present work is an experience report elaborated from: experiences of two internship disciplines, being Supervised Internship in Sciences 1 and 2; collective moments with sharing interpretations on texts read during graduation, as an elective discipline and study group. Despite the variety of information elucidated in supervised internship practices, I chose to deal specifically with some stories involving LGBTQIAPN+ people and relate them to texts worked on during my graduation and the writing of this report. Thus, the aim of the report is to develop a discussion based on the understanding that supervised internship moments are beneficial for the initial and continued training of teachers in training and already working, making it possible to work less to overcome violence against the LGBTQIAPN+ community
Fahrenheit 451: Uma leitura política de uma narrativa distópica do pós guerra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-28)
Oliveira, Saulo
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5155259719503140
This work aims to interpret the novel Fahrenheit 451 (1953) by Ray Bradbury, through the political reading, as proposed by Fredric Jameson (1992). Performing this analysis, it is expected to be understood more clearly how the novel figures political, social and economical aspects of The Short Twenieth Century (HOBSBAWN, 1994), the ones which possibilitate the writing of dystopian literary works, genre which evokes the history of captalist progress and the relation between mankind, technology, nature and civilization, approaching a context of preservation of post-war history and its unfolding on the post industrial economic model.
Telessaúde com videomodelação no ensino da mãe para o ensino de tato para o filho com TEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29)
Tozadore, Michele Carnieto
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5320102985130348
Parent-mediated training for children with autism can be done by telehealth and is a promising alternative, as treatments can expand to natural settings. The aim of this study was to verify possible contributions of a mother training program, by telehealth with video modeling, to teaching tact to her child with autism. For this, the mother participated in a remote program to teach tact to her 5-year-old son with autism. The program was developed in meetings by the Google meet platform with submission of videos intended for video modeling. The mother's performance was measured by the frequency of correct answers in the predicted behaviors for the organization of the environment, the application of a preference test, the tact training and the completion of the activity. Additionally, the child's frequency of correct answers in the emission of tact, response latency and face deviation were measured. The results indicate that there was an increase in the frequency of correct answers in the mother's behaviors when exposed to training and that the child emitted tact after the mother's training. It is inferred that interventions proposed by telehealth with video modeling can favor the performance of parents in teaching tact to their children with autism.
A alfabetização científica na educação brasileira: desafios e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29)
Mendes, Clayton Silva
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-3527
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4693755166466635
The Science, Technology and Innovation are recognized as key factors in the economic and social development of nations and are part of the economic agenda of many countries. Deepening knowledge about Science, Technology and Society is an interdisciplinary objective shared by different areas of knowledge. Training for the practice of science and for technological innovation is complex, insofar as it cannot be considered independently of the situation of basic education in Brazil, that is, of primary and secondary education. Linked to the school space, science and technology have provided numerous transformations in society. Scientific Initiation is the space where a young person's first contacts with research take place. In this sense, the research proposed here intends to identify the advantages and challenges of scientific literacy in basic education. Through five articles, it was possible to describe the types of research, funding, grants and the importance of scientific education for the training of future researchers.
Modelagem matemática e simulação computacional aplicadas ao estudo de processos de co-digestão anaeróbia de glicerol e/ou melaço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29)
Ferreira, Carolina Machado
;
Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7005262002323073
Policies worldwide are increasingly incentivizing and pressuring countries to use renewable sources of energy. Brazil was a pioneer in the production of bioethanol and is one of the main producers of biodiesel. Due to the expanding production of biodiesel in Brazil, large quantities of crude glycerol are generated as a byproduct, while the high cost of its purification means that it is discarded by small and medium sized producers. Given the environmental impacts of such disposal, as well as the energy potential of glycerol (since it is carbon-rich), an attractive application of crude glycerol is in the generation of biomethane by means of anaerobic co-digestion, involving the decomposition of the organic matter in two or more substrates by bacteria and archaea, in the absence of oxygen. Co-digestion enables balancing of the availabilities of nutrients, so that biogas production is optimized. Like glycerol, sugarcane molasses has widespread availability, as a byproduct of sugar crystallization, and contains nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and other elements at concentrations that enable it to be considered as a complementary substrate for use in co-digestion processes. Computational simulations using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic offer a way to rapidly predict the production of biogas in different scenarios. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of these artificial intelligence techniques in the production of biomethane from the anaerobic co-digestion of glycerol and sugarcane molasses. Firstly, experimental data reported in the literature were used, where mixtures had a composition of distillery water in the range from 95 to 100%, and a concentration of glycerol and sugarcane molasses from 0 to 5%. A reactor model was implemented using Scilab, with Monod kinetics involving two substrates and an intermediate (M2SI model), in order to generate a database for subsequent fitting and evaluation of neural and fuzzy models. The neural network package of Matlab was used, with evaluation of the effect of the number of neurons in the networks and the distribution of data used for the training, validation, and testing sets. The Matlab package includes the multilayer perceptron artificial neural network framework and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm (for training). Fuzzy modeling was applied using the Takagi-Sugeno approach available in the ANFIS package of Matlab. A Gaussian membership function and a hybrid algorithm were used for the training. The biomethane production results simulated by M2SI showed very satisfactory predictions for 8 scenarios, which were used in neural network modeling, firstly employing a “generic” network applicable to all 8 scenarios. A very good fit was obtained (R² > 0.99). The minimum quantity of neurons in the hidden layer was 14, with a small error between the intended output value and the output variable simulated by the neural network. Excellent performance was also observed for specific artificial neural networks (one for each condition). The kinetic parameters of the M2SI model for the 8 different conditions were also mapped using an artificial neural network, as a function of the organic material composition. In this case, due to the relatively low volume of data, test data were not allocated, with 90% and 10% being used for training and validation, respectively. A fit with R² > 0.99 was obtained using 25 neurons. In the case of the fuzzy logic, RMSE of 18.88 mL of methane was obtained with 216 rules, which was a value lower than 0.5% of the order of magnitude of the accumulated methane. It could be concluded from the results that fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks offer excellent ability to predict methane production, as well as to parameterize the M2SI kinetic model (using neural networks).
A experiência do desenvolvedor no uso de quadros kanban em startups de software: recomendações de boas práticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29)
Santos, Angelica Cunha
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Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4771025915754083
Software startups are organizations that usually have few human or financial resources, suffering from the time pressure exerted by the market. To face the difficulties and have the flexibility that the market requires, startups intend to adhere to agile software development practices. One of the tools to support agile practices frequently present in this type of organization is the kanban board. This board can be physical or virtual, its function is to display the workflow and status of tasks in a simple way, containing columns to represent the status and cards to represent the tasks, making its use well spread by software startups. Even though the kanban board is considered easy to use, some difficulties can be faced by software developers when using it, such as: problems in finding some information, difficulties in understanding the scope and lack of standard can affect the developer experience ,or DX, and consequently affect the performance and the work developed. From this, the general objective of this project was to carry out an investigation on the characteristics of virtual kanban from the perspective of startup professionals, seeking to understand how the characteristics of the virtual kanban board affect DX, and how this experience impacts the characteristics of startups .At the end, a guide called KanbanGuide4Startups, is proposed, consisting of recommendations to help software developers in startups to use the board. To execute this investigation, the DX framework was used, the characteristics that startups have, and the characteristics of the kanban board they need to have. Initially, a study was carried out in the literature to understand the main topics of this work. An exploratory study was conducted to identify how the virtual kanban board is used in software startups and how it affects the developer experience and software startups. For this, a qualitative analysis was performed on kanban boards and through interviews with developers. The results showed eight key aspects arising from the use of the virtual kanban board that impact the developer experience and the characteristics of startups. A study of the virtual kanban board tools was also conducted, where the objective was to understand how these tools are able to meet the requirements of good practices that the kanban board must have. KanbanGuide4Startups, was proposed considering the results of the eight key aspects found in the exploratory study and the study of tools. The guide was evaluated by four startup development professionals. The evaluation took place through interviews seeking to collect perceptions in relation to the recommendations. The results showed that in the perception of experts, the recommendations are viable for the startup context as long as there are no exaggerations when applying them.
Por uma leitura crítica da categoria consciência na obra “Educação como prática da liberdade” de Paulo Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29)
Batalha, Douglas
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6371141638709150
The aim of this work is to present, discuss and critically position itself regarding the category consciência in the work “Educação como prática da liberdade” (1967) by Paulo Freire (1921– 1997). For that, a qualitative approach will be used with emphasis, through bibliographic and documental survey, as well as complementary bibliography. The text will be guided by the guiding question: why does understanding the category consciência require a critical reading of the work “Educação como prática da liberdade” and, consequently, of freirean thought? The results obtained, in addition to the writing of this monograph, indicated that the critical resumption of the work studied is important and, in particular, the category consciência, since the observance of the conditions of writing and circulation of the book in its particular time and historical space , in addition to the arrangement itself and internal and intrinsic relationships to the text, better allow the scope and relationship in perspective of this with the development of freirean thought.
Aprendizagem para resiliência socioecológica de comunidades rurais: sistema de indicadores a partir de uma escola do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29)
Oliveira, Maria Paula Pires de
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Valdanha Neto, Diógenes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8853958256665125
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
Socioecological resilience is related to the ability of a socioecological system to adapt to disturbances, in order to transform itself and still maintain its structure and function. Learning for resilience can contribute to strengthening communities from a perspective that recognizes the complexity and interdependence of the elements which compose socio-ecological systems. The objective of this research was to understand the role of school practices of an educational institution in the socio-ecological resilience of rural communities and the participatory process of definition, validation, application, and analysis of indicators established for this purpose. The research was carried out with the Terra Nova State School (Terra Nova do Norte, MT), a rural high school with technical qualification in agroecology whose work proposal is the pedagogy of alternation. The methodological strategy addressed intervention research and integrated qualitative and quantitative perspectives. At the school, workshops were held for conceptual alignment, as well as dynamics and the application of questionnaires to define, validate and apply the indicators in a participatory manner. Part of this work integrated an extension project with a continuing education course offering to fifteen professionals from the school. The proposition of the system of indicators involved bibliographical research and selection, coding and categorization of the data collected with the school. Four dimensions and fourteen indicators were defined, validated (3S method of self-validation, scientific validation and social validation), applied to students, former students, families and school staff and analyzed and discussed together with students and members of the school’s professional team. Among the school's contributions to socio-ecological resilience, environmental governance and adaptive co-management, are adaptive capacity, dialogue, experimentation, connection between school and territory, landscape diversification, collectivity, strengthening social bonds, valuing ecosystems and self-organization. The research brings as a scientific contribution the reflection on the socioecological resilience of rural communities and the role of the rural school in this context, as well as the development of a management tool (indicators) that can help the continuous improvement of school practices.
Retrato de uma Unidade Saúde Escola durante a pandemia da COVID-19: caracterização dos novos usuários e das estratégias de atendimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30)
Frederico, Isabel Cristina
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Vasilceac, Fernando Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1220838672192063
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1781838999559439
The discussion field of this work is the current situation of human illness and the reality of Brazilian public health system. Humanity is experiencing an unexpected and unplanned crisis with the COVID-19 pandemic. The School Health Unit (USE) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) is part of the health care network as a Multidisciplinary Academic Unit and its mission is to train people through interprofessional health care, based on the dissociability between teaching, research and extension, prioritizing the humanization and integrality of care. The USE has actively participated on health care attention to the general population, mainly by actions in the last two years related to the COVID-19 pandemic, adopting and developing measures to meet the users demands due to the need for social isolation. The objective of the present research is to describe the health care system developed at USE in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the sociodemographic characterization of users and the new modality of remote care. The method is of a documented research of quantitative and qualitative nature, which aimed to compute sociodemographic information (Step 1) as well as identify and characterize the new service proposals together with the technologies developed by professionals at the Unit (Step 2). In this second part, data records collected from 2019 on, related to the origin of the user (such as referred unit), diagnosis, complaints, areas of registration in the Unit and the extension actions offered in the new modalities of health care, via remote access, are presented. In Steps 1 and 2, the information was extracted from the USE database (USEWEB), and the treatment of such data required simple statistical procedures. The results revealed that, in 2019 and the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the USE attended a greater number of women and people who declared themselves white, followed by those who declared themselves to be black or brown, most of them single and adult. For the income and the prevailing level of education, there is a variation between 1 and 5 minimum wages and a majority having reached high school. As for the professional situation, different types of jobs and retired people were observed. In the studied period, there was a significant number of absence of information registration. The results also reveal that the Integrative Mental Health Outpatient Clinic received the highest volume of enrollments both in 2020 and in 2021; that USE, through technical professionals, teachers and students, developed remote health actions, in an innovative way, through extension projects, to assist people during the pandemic. The data indicate a considerable drop in the number of enrollments, between the years 2020 and 2021, compared to previous years, and the lowest access to USE services was for low-income people. It is concluded that the Health School Unit acted in an innovative way, reorganizing its work processes, during the first years of the pandemic in the provision of health care to the population through virtual resources. The sociodemographic characterization showed that, although the number of consultations was reduced during the pandemic, the profile of users was maintained. For future research, it is suggested to investigate the causes responsible for the high rate of missing data in the Unit's electronic system, fundamental data for the planning, organization and evaluation of its own services.