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Saberes de professores da Educação Infantil sobre a BNCC: fontes, apropriações, implicações e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-24) Pimenta, Júlia Ines Pinheiro Bolota; Sommerhalder, Aline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4775432120371947; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8747221120546074
The approval of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC/2018) as an educational policy of a normative/prescriptive nature for basic education provoked the need to reflect on teaching activities, especially in early childhood education. This study investigated how early childhood education teachers appropriate the knowledge articulated by the educational policy - BNCC, highlighting what were the sources of knowledge of early childhood education teachers about this new policy, its appropriations and challenges. We sought to understand how its regulations and norms had repercussions on the professional knowledge of early childhood education teachers. The objective was to identify and describe the origins of teachers' knowledge about the BNCC, through attentive listening to these early childhood education professionals, according to their way of understanding this document. It also proposed to analyze how the teachers narrated the appropriation of this curricular policy, mapping the teaching knowledge used and their contribution to their development in the teachers' performance. Understanding how teachers appropriated the references articulated by educational policy helped to understand how these regulations impacted educational practices and the constitution of teaching knowledge, especially in early childhood education. The theoretical framework was based on two main pillars: the curricular issue, discussed and analyzed under the BNCC approach; and the training and knowledge of teachers seeking sources of information that build teaching knowledge, aiming at the early childhood education stage. The study was based on the concepts of curriculum presented by Gimeno Sacristán (1998, 2000) and Silva (2011), among others and, specifically on early childhood education, with the contributions of Kramer (1997, 2002, 2006), Barbosa and Horn (2008 ) and Oliveira (2010). Regarding the most relevant contributions regarding teaching knowledge, support was sought from Freire (1986), Tardif (2014), Tardif and Raymond (2000) in addition to Borges (2003, 2004). The used approach was qualitative and the questionnaires and interviews were the collection instruments used with the teachers in the perspective of narratives, to understand the attributed meaning on the impact caused by the homologation of the new educational policy. Bardin's Content Analysis (20016) was used as inspiration for data processing. Along the way, it was possible to perceive that the essential information about the BNCC was acquired in the educational context itself, in a fragmented way and according to the available information. With the outcome of the analysis, the results showed the great difficulty of the teachers in accessing information that could collaborate with the understanding of the determination, the importance of rescuing the knowledge of the experience and the expansion of knowledge caused by the change. In view of the constructed understandings, it is emphasized that policies developed at the central level, when only passed on to teachers and schools, destabilize teaching knowledge and the certainties produced by the knowledge of experience, throwing teachers into a “disorienting dilemma”, requiring reflection in training actions for its incorporation.
Fitorremediação: uma técnica potencial em áreas agrícolas contaminadas com metais pesados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-24) Nogueira, Samuel Baldin; Baron, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1001796615793937
Soil contamination, caused by rapid human development, negatively affects the quality and quantity of food. Among the contaminants, heavy metals (HMs) are notorious because they cause harmful effects on humans, such as DNA deterioration and inhibition of neurotransmitters. In addition, HMs negatively affect plant organisms, causing a decrease in photosynthetic and plant growth, etc. Currently, Brazil is listed among the countries in the ecological risk zone due to HMs; furthermore, it has records of contamination by these elements in agricultural areas in the São Paulo state. Thus, it is essential to use techniques that decontaminate soils, and among these techniques, there is phytoremediation. This technique uses plantsas remedial agents so that the plant organisms will remediate the contaminants. Plant species suitable for these functions need to have specific "skills", such as the hyperaccumulation of contaminants and tolerance to abiotic stresses, for example, turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Phytoremediation is indicated as sustainable and economically viable; however, no studies in Brazil indicate and prove its economic viability, making it a "gap" in the national literature. Therefore, to solve this scarce information, we conducted a hypothetical scenario of a sugarcane field in Mogi Guaçu-SP, which presented contamination above the limit allowed by CETESB (cetesb.sp.gov.br/areas-contaminadas/relacao-de-area-contaminadas) for pollutants categorized by 'metals' (generic definition established by this state agency), so we simulated the performance of agricultural land remediation using turnip as a phytoremediator. We use microeconomics concepts to perform financial calculations and conduct questionnaires with producers, resellers, and bioenergy plants to estimate production price. Our results were published in the journal 'Revista Ciência, Tecnologia e Ambiente' in a 'Research Article format' in 2022 [doi.org/10.4322/2359-6643.12213]. We found that the economic deficit caused by phytoremediation was US$ 536.43/ha, which is higher than the annual profit from sugarcane production, US$178,81/ha. Furthermore, in our hypothetical scenario, the cost of phytoremediation in m³ (considering 0.20m depth) is ~US$5. Therefore, we conclude that phytoremediation is a potential and easily applicable technique for the decontamination and conservation of soils polluted with HMs in Brazilian agricultural lands.
Big data e privacidade na web: uma análise acerca dos metadados coletados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-24) Almeida, Alexandra Cristina dos Santos; Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397
In view of technological advances and the expansion of the Internet, the production and exchange of information between individuals and organizations has intensified. In this context, Big Data emerges, a technology that offers potential for the development of companies in different sectors, in addition to being a new field of activity for librarians and information scientists. Despite the benefits, there are still challenges for its implementation, such as Informational Privacy issues. With this parameter, the present research is configured as an exploratory approach, in order to understand Big Data, analyze and record how data and Metadata are collected and identify issues related to Privacy on the Web. It is concluded that Big Data and its use is a reality that tends to increase. However, there are still many challenges to be faced. There is a need for high investment in its Infrastructure and Information Security Policies aimed at protecting and taking care in its data collection, storage and processing practices, ensuring in addition to security, but in its ethical and social character, transparency with the individuals.