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Análise do impacto da Covid-19 nas condições de conforto e salubridade das edificações de uso habitacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Yoneda, Juliana Boacnin; Silva, Sandra Regina Mota; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973870842834947; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8148980563138431
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of people in all parts of the world. This new situation highlighted the importance of quality living spaces for health protection and as a place of life and safety. In this context, this study was conducted to examine the comfort and health conditions of residential buildings and the impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic through a review of different criterias and parameters related to this area. As an investigative method, a comparative study based on the literature reviews which supported the analysis and systematization of concepts and parameters for the pre and post pandemic periods. Through this, we are able analyze and identify future trends. Therefore, for the success of the study, the nine foundations defined by the Harvard School of Public Health (HARVARD T.H. CHAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 2017) were used as a starting point, with other foundations added – accessibility, sustainability and connection with the external environment. The additional foundations were understood in the scope of this work as opportunities for updating this analysis in the face of the new pandemic scenario and its implications for the comfort and health conditions of residential buildings. The analysis of the results identified that the effects of the pandemic on housing were more evident and perceptible concerning comfort, sanitation, work, communication and connection with the external environment. From the identification of these five relevant aspects for the housing conditions, it was observed that transformations in the behavior of residential building users, as well as changes in the conception of these spaces, have adapted to the new requirements.
Desenvolvimento de um dispositivo eletroquimiluminescente de baixo custo para detecção do SARS-CoV-2 em saliva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Leite, Taíse Helena Oliveira; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6169122144470793
This work is a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in which a new method for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva based on genome-genetic assay performed at room temperature is proposed. The method allows the detection of viral RNA quickly, without the need for steps of transcription and amplification of the genetic material, the signal being obtained using the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technique. For this, a disposable platform was developed allowing to work with 10 samples simultaneously, reducing the cost of inputs and reagents. Two nucleotide sequences of the virus nucleocapsid gene were studied, named sequence 1A and sequence 2A. The viral RNA calibration curves were evaluated for two sequences individually, and these were linear in the range of 5.0 fmol L-1 to 5.0 nmol L-1, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.999 for sequence 1A and 0.975 for sequence 2A. Cohorts of positive and negative patient samples were evaluated as a comparative method. The analysis of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the method achieved excellent sensitivity and specificity for the 1A sequence, which was more sensitive than the 2A sequence. Also, the test was performed with the presence of the two sequences simultaneously and evaluated in two different cohorts of patients. The proposed method showed an excellent discriminatory ability of individuals with COVID-19, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92%. To assess the accuracy of the method, more than 200 samples were tested with RT-PCR or rapid antigen test results.
Organizações da sociedade civil da Guiné-Bissau: debatendo o seu papel no desenvolvimento das comunidades locais do país
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Baldé, Bacar; Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869018482093008; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4057837902554982; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-8011
The current Guinean political scenario invites us to resume a debate on democracy and the role that civil society plays in the country. The work sought to analyze the current context through an interdisciplinary descriptive study addressing the current situation in the country and the successive coups d'état as obstacles to socioeconomic and political-institutional development. With the main focus on debating the role of Guinean civil society. I seek to frame this theme through the discussion of the main “classical” theories about the modern State, Democracy and Civil Society, confronted with the theoretical contribution of some contemporary authors. From the debate involved in these theories, analyzes were made based on the Guinean reality itself. These analyzes allowed us to arrive at certain considerations about the progress of both democracy and civil society and its relationship with the State in Guinea-Bissau. After analyzing the current political situation and confronting theorists who have already addressed similar issues at different times, it was noticed that Guinean civil society does not only cover formal entities of organized interest groups, but also a wide variety of traditional forms of social cooperation in the different ethnic communities existing in the country. It is considered that it would be possible and desirable for the Guinean state to promote the appreciation and eventual adaptation of conflict resolution practices of some ethnic groups (Balanta and Mandinga) to mobilize and engage these communities in local development projects. Finally, it was also concluded that the still precarious and unstable character of democracy in Guinea-Bissau limits the performance of CSOs, removing the possibility that they can achieve their objectives and implement their projects, usually interrupted when a coup occurs or if overthrow a government.
Electromigration of multiterminal transport bridges
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Abbey, Elijah Anertey; Ortiz, Wilson Aires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241177338066307; Motta, Maycon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340540626164812; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5576146059828349
With the continued miniaturization of integrated circuits (ICs), the case of metallic tracks subjected to stress caused by transport currents has become a matter of increasing concern, as it puts at risk the reliability of electronic devices. Because they are minuscule, on-chip interconnects in ICs are extremely prone to Electromigration (EM), which is a well-known cause of failure in semiconductor ICs, and through time, researchers have discovered ways to first control the wearout issue and then ultimately master it. However, the EM control reliability scenario is significantly changing in the current interconnect technologies, and a number of important issues need to be addressed. This work is devoted to the investigation of current-induced modifications in micro-scale junctions and constrictions of superconducting and metallic materials. In the first part of our experimental results, we investigate the targeted and localized material modifications produced by electropulsing on Al capped Nb microbridges with multiterminal configuration. The affected regions on the Nb/Al bilayer terminals are revealed by an in-lens secondary electrons detector in a scanning electron microscope as well as by Kelvin-probe Force Microscopy, both suggesting a decrease of the work function in the modified areas. In contrast to that, the affected areas are neither apparent through an Everhart-Thornley secondary electrons detector nor through Atomic Force Microscopy, which indicates little morphological changes on the microstructure. In addition, we demonstrate that the extension of the electroannealed regions is strongly influenced by the terminal geometry. These results are captured by complementary finite element modelling which permits us to estimate a threshold temperature of (435 ± 35) K needed to induce material modifications. These findings provide further insights on the subtle modifications produced by gentle electroannealing of Nb/Al microstructures and represent a step forward towards mastering this emerging nanofabrication technique. In the last experimental chapter of this thesis, we report on results concerning the structural modification of Al and Ni microconstrictions induced by elecropulsing by monitoring the resistance of the constrictions during EM in order to prevent permanent damages and preserve the junction for multiple trials. We applied current pulses to locally change the physical properties of the constrictions. Scanning Electron Microscopy inspection showed that the voids and hillocks found in EM of Al are noticeably missing in EM of Ni. The EM process in Ni occurs in a fairly well defined area, as one could predict in view of the occurrence of current crowding and local heating. EM in Al, on the other hand, appears to occur more randomly, possibly due to less transparent grain boundaries.
Utilização de cogumelos e seus subprodutos no desenvolvimento de produtos cárneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Oliveira, Kelvin Henrique Seixas de; Selani, Miriam Mabel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4857619853197645
Meat products, foods widely consumed in Brazil and worldwide, have several components relevant to health, such as fatty acids, minerals (especially iron), vitamins such as B12 and proteins of high biological value. However, their high consumption can negatively affect human health, as they contain high amounts of saturated fat, sodium, cholesterol and chemical additives. For this reason, the population has increasingly demanded products that offer health benefits. In view of this, there is a current trend of studies that seek alternatives to make meat products healthier, with emphasis on the use of edible mushrooms and their by-products. The aim of this bibliographic review is to provide an overview of the use of edible mushrooms and their by-products in meat products, in order to understand how they interfere with the physical- chemical, technological and sensory properties of reformulated products when applied as antioxidants, meat extenders and flavor enhancers. Studies have shown that mushrooms and their by-products have interesting characteristics for the preparation and reformulation of meat products and that their application has given interesting technological characteristics to products, in addition to making them healthier, more natural and sustainable. It is important that more studies are carried out in order to deepen the knowledge about this reformulation and to make possible the industrial application of mushrooms and their by-products in meat products.
Ecological processes structuring the ocean microbiome across space and time
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Junger, Pedro Ciarlini; Logares, Ramiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7193752932256212; Sarmento, Hugo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7103785462398029
The marine microbiome, including prokaryotes and minute unicellular eukaryotes, stands for a great part of biodiversity and is essential for ocean food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. Yet, investigating their diversity and ecology was challenging due to sampling and methodological constraints. Modern molecular and bioinformatic tools together with recent large-scale oceanographic sampling cruises (e.g. Tara Oceans and Malaspina) have helped the scientific community to assess the ocean’s microbial diversity with an unprecedented depth of analysis. Recent studies have revealed that microbial communities display latitudinal, seasonal, and depth-related patterns. However, there is still a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying these biogeographical patterns. In this thesis, I have applied theoretical ecology on DNA sequencing data to disentangle the main ecological processes shaping the ocean’s microbiome across space and time. To do so, I have combined molecular data from two global oceanographic cruises (Tara Oceans and Malaspina), one regional cruise (HotMix Cruise) in the Mediterranean Sea, and from microbial observatories located in different latitudes. First, I demonstrate the high impact of the Theory of Ecological Communities (Vellend 2010, 2016) on the field of microbial ecology using a scientometric approach. Second, I investigated the relative importance of ecological processes (selection, dispersal limitation and ecological drift) shaping picoplankton communities inhabiting different ocean layers. To accomplish this goal, I analyzed 16S- and 18S-rRNA-gene amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from samples (N=688) covering the epi- (0-200 m), meso- (200-1,000 m) and bathypelagic (1,000-4,000 m) layers of the ocean. I found that the role of selection decreased with depth due to a potential decrease in habitat heterogeneity. Conversely, the relative importance of dispersal limitation increased with depth due to dispersal barriers such as the presence of segregated water masses and bottom topography. Furthermore, I found that the relative importance of selection was stronger in the temperate observatory as compared to the tropical one. Finally, I used 16S-rRNA-gene amplicons as well as metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and single-amplified genomes (SAGs) to explore the genomic basis of temperature selection on niche differentiation of an abundant, ubiquitous, but previously overlooked marine bacteria. Overall, this thesis elucidates the ecological processes underlying the biogeographical patterns of microbial communities of the ocean in space, time and depth.
Avaliação dos pilares da sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos de uma startup atacadista de hortifrutigranjeiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Rodrigues, Eduardo Cirineo; Duval, Henrique Carmona; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1127516712972199; Borsatto, Ricardo Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
In the current context, in which the food sector is integrated, the implementation of a supply chain must pay increasing attention to issues related to quality, food safety, environmental responsibility, and sustainability. However, the number of intermediaries in the chain and the devaluation of family farming pose numerous challenges for these practices. The understanding of responsibility on the part of the agents in the fruit and vegetable supply chain must be discussed and presented in a clear, collaborative way, in order to alleviate problems and ensure environmental, social and economic balance. For this reason, to analyze the alignment and integration of the chain, a form was created targeting partner farmers, buyers involved in the wholesale company's stock and customers, characterized as establishments in the food business. With these surveys, significant information can be obtained relating to aspects of differentiation between a traditional supply chain and a wholesale startup of fresh produce. With regards to the cultural alignment of the agents, it is possible to verify Frexco's position regarding the proposals of Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) and the follow-up of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Estrutura, função e evolução das luciferases de Mastinocerini (Coleoptera: Phengodidae) e origem biossintética da luciferina em coleópteros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Souza, Daniel Rangel de; Viviani, Vadim Ravara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3942043373510668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0245966248392912
The origin and evolution of bioluminescence in Coleoptera from the Elateroidea superfamily depend on a better understanding of the metabolic origin of the luciferin substrate and the luciferase enzymes evolution. Several luciferases from the 4 bioluminescent beetles families (Lampyridae, Elateridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae) have already been cloned and investigated by our and other research groups in recent decades. However, only three functional luciferases from the Phengodidae family have been cloned and investigated so far, the red light-emitting luciferase from Phrixotrix hirtus head and the green light-emitting luciferase from Phrixotrix vivianii. Thus, the origin and evolution of head and lateral lanterns luciferases, as well as the relationship between structure and bioluminescence spectra in these enzymes, are still incomplete, needing to study other luciferases from different lanterns and life stages of other species that emit intermediate colors of light. Within this theme, this thesis had two main goals: (1) Increase knowledge of the bioluminescence evolution in the Phengodidae family through cloning, expression and characterization new active luciferases cDNA from different lanterns and (2) understand the biosynthetic origin of beetle luciferin. For the first time, we associate larva and adult of a phengodid specie, the Stenophrixotrix pallens found on the UFSCar Sorocaba campus, through molecular analyzes of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes and the bioluminescence spectra. We cloned two new luciferases cDNA, one from the Brasilocerus sp. head and another from P. hirtus lateral lanterns, we expressed them in bacteria and characterized these luciferases. Luciferase from Brasilocerus sp. head lantern presented a peak of bioluminescent emission at 566 nm in pH=8, while the luciferase from the P. hirtus lateral lanterns shows an emission peak at 563 nm. The presence of a single luciferase in the head and lateral lanterns trascriptomes of Brasilocerus sp., the kinetic and spectral characteristics of luciferass from Stenophrixotrix pallens larvae, suggest for the first time that some species of Mastinocerini presente only one luciferase isoform in different lanterns and life stages, unlike Phrixotrix spp. The R215T mutation and the asparagine 351 deletion in the P.hirtus lateral lanterns luciferase had a bathochromic efect of ~30 nm, confirming the importance of arginine 215 and loop 351-360 in bioluminescence spectra determination. Finally, to better understand the biosynthetic origin of luciferin in coleopterans, we developed bioluminescent bacteria transformed with Amydetes vivianii luciferase to evaluate the in vivo synthesis of luciferin in the presence of cystein and quinine precursors. These studies showed that cysteine has a detoxifying impact on p-benzoquinone concomitantly with luciferin formation, suggesting that coleopteran luciferin may have arisen as a by-product of quinone detoxification.
Paredes de contraventamento de alvenaria grauteadas e armadas nas extremidades: comportamento, capacidade, desempenho sísmico e modelos simplificados de projeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Medeiros, Klaus André de Sousa; Shrive, Nigel Graham; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4914700601756642
Partially grouted masonry structures are widely used worldwide, preferably in regions with low and mid-intensity wind and seismic loads. Thus, this thesis focuses on partially grouted masonry walls (PGMW), especially those with grout and reinforcement placed at their ends. The objectives were to evaluate the in-plane behavior, capacity, and seismic performance of multi-story coupled masonry walls, and to assess simplified design models. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part, finite element (FE) models were developed to assess the influence of several parameters on the load capacity, deflection, and initial stiffness of multi-story PGMW with openings. The base model was validated with experimental data from three walls tested previously by the research group. The analyses indicated that the load capacity of masonry walls was sensitive to the ungrouted and grouted masonry strengths, mortar shear strength, vertical reinforcement ratio, aspect ratio, and axial stress; and almost insensitive to the opening size, reinforcement spacing, and horizontal reinforcement ratio. The deflection of the walls had well-defined correlations with the masonry strength, vertical reinforcement, axial stress, and aspect ratio. The initial stiffness was especially sensitive to the axial stress and the aspect ratio, but weakly correlated with the opening size, and the spacing and size of the reinforcement. In the second part, relevant existing shear equations, including the equations of the TMS 402/602 (2016) and the CSA S304 (2014), were evaluated, and a new equation was proposed. Also, different approaches were examined to determine the most consistent method of predicting the shear load capacity (SLC) of single and multi-story PGMW with openings. The database used in this study comprises ninety-six masonry walls created using the previously developed FE model, which was adjusted and recalibrated, and fifty-nine experimental masonry walls reported in the literature. The statistical analysis showed that the new proposed equation performed more precisely than the other shear equations and highlighted the need of updating the expressions in TMS 402/602 (2016) and the CSA S304 (2014) since those equations made the most inaccurate predictions of those assessed. The results confirm that is unsafe to calculate the SLC of a wall ignoring the openings. The most accurate predictions for the perforated walls were obtained using the proposed equation considering the strength of the wall as the sum of the strength of the wall piers with dimensions defined by the openings of the same story. The third part focused on evaluating the in-plane behavior and seismic performance of multi-story perforated PGMW with grout and reinforcement placed at the ends. The FE model was further validated against more specific data from the previous experimental tests. Besides two traditional bilinear idealizations for the actual wall response, a trilinear approach was presented with deduced equations for the seismic performance factors (SPFs). Results demonstrated that the reinforced masonry beam over the openings effectively coupled the wall piers yielding a frame-type behavior. Also, the results suggest that the walls behaved as a continuous frame, with the grouted parts acting like columns and the ungrouted parts acting like confined masonry. The loss of ductility evidenced in the backbone curves and the decrease of the SPFs confirmed that a high vertical pre-compression led the walls to a brittle response while also increasing the lateral load capacity. Concentrating the grouting and reinforcement at the wall pier ends showed a similar detailing design efficiency compared to distributing them along the wall piers. The stiffness degradation was more intense when the walls were subjected to a lower pre-compression level. Furthermore, the stiffness degradation curves were best fitted with power and logarithmic functions for walls with the lower and higher axial load, respectively. In the fourth part, linear and non-linear frame models were assessed in simulating the in-plane load-displacement response of multi-story, perforated PGMW. Different configurations of linear frame models were assessed for replicating the initial lateral stiffness of the walls: additional involvement of SPFs and ultimate top drift limits enabled assessment of prediction of an idealized load-displacement response. Also, a new non-linear frame model approach was evaluated to simulate the actual load-displacement response of the walls. Results indicated that including rigid offsets on the horizontal and vertical elements of the portal frame model resulted in an initial lateral stiffness close to that of experimental walls. It was possible to reproduce the idealized lateral response of the walls using the initial lateral stiffness of the linear models associated with adequate SPFs and ultimate top drifts. The idealized curves better matched the actual response when the lateral stiffness of the linear models was closer to that of the reference walls. An imposed ultimate drift higher than the actual amplified the estimation of the lateral load capacity and vice-versa, using all the approaches assessed. Values of 0.4% and 0.2% for the ultimate top drifts proved to be reasonable options for the cases in which the walls were submitted to a pre-compression of 0.04fm' and 0.2fm', respectively. Furthermore, the proposed non-linear braced frame model could predict the envelope curves of the experimental walls up to the peak load but did not present the expected strength degradation in the post-peak stage.
Uma revisão sobre os estudos de dietas de aves brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Costa, Caik Firmino; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7812; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0839202247456396; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-8474
Food is something necessary to support life and studies on diet are fundamental for understanding the ecology, evolution and conservation of species. In addition, a growing number of works have been demonstrating that anthropic activities can interfere with the availability of food for organisms, putting many of them at risk of extinction. Although several methodologies for the study of diets have been proposed in recent years, a large number of species still lack detailed studies on the food components they consume. For this reason, the objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic survey of Brazilian bird species that have studied their diets and the methodologies used, with emphasis on endangered species. Of the 1971 bird species that occur in Brazil, 171 had some type of diet study (8.6% of the species). Among the 254 taxa threatened with extinction, only 15 had some type of diet study performed (10.6%). Most studies/species used the fecal sample analysis method (n = 64), followed by stomach analyzes of slaughtered birds (n = 44); direct observations (n = 40); natural regurgitation (n = 9); chemical regurgitation (n = 38); collection of egregopylae (n = 4) and radioactive isotopes (n = 22). This lack of data is worrying, since the number of species worldwide whose populations have been reduced due to direct and indirect effects of the availability of food resources is increasing. Thus, this subject should be further explored in order to obtain more information to assist in the conservation of the species.
Rede conceitual da literatura digital brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Gritti, Gabriela Goulart; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9411017736958005
This research aims at increasing the reflections developed during the Scientific Initiation produced between August 2019 and October 2020, financed, partially, by CNPq and entitled Literatura Digital Brasileira: Cartografia da Produção Crítica. This way, it was proposed the construction of a Conceptual Network of Brazilian Digital Literature based on data (graphic, tables and analisis) achieved through the mapping results of critical writings (articles and essays published in scientific brazilian journals), carried out throughout the first research. It has been made, through the project development, a reflection on the theoretical genesis and on a reflexive path of terminologies which have been presented in the literature to define and analyze emerging brazilian literary digital production, which are: digital literature, electronic literature and cyberliterature. The effort is justified by the non-consolidated theoretical and critical metalanguage on digital literature, meanwhile, in the brazilian scenario, the reflections brought by its specificities are insufficient. We based our efforts on an academic researcher from the University of Stanford Franco Moretti’s methodological theory presented in his book A literatura vista de longe (2008), in which he suggests the distant reading method in order to analyze literature through graphic, maps and trees investigation. This research is a part of the discussions developed by the research group (CNPq) “Observatório da Literatura Digital Brasileira”.
Estratégias participativas construídas entre estudantes e professora nas aulas de Educação Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Baio, Cristina Gil de Carvalho; Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1232486725281261; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-2669
On behalf of pandemic and social isolation we have been through, there was a potentiation of a new global reality, since the population was restricted to their homes and, in many cases, the systematized body practices were left out. Within the school context where I work, I could observe such situation, because most of the students took the Physical Education class as the only time in wich they could perform oriented body practices. Towards that scenario of returning to the presential classes, the objective of the study is analyse the implications of a teaching process to the construtction of knowledge related to the experimentation of body practices through integrated strategies in Physical Education classes.The project is based on a qualitative research approach, characterized by research-action, in wich the professor-researcher, planned and taught the pedagogical activities. The sudy was performed during one school year, involving 26 students from a 4° grade class of the elementary school, from a municipal school located inner-state São Paulo. The data were collected through class diaries developed by the professor-researcher, rounds of conversation and a mixed questionnaire with open and closed questions applied to the students. After collection, the data were qualitatively analyzed through the establishment of two categories, namely: 1 – The construction of students’ knolwedge from the paticipatory process, wich allowed us to analyse the construction process of the students’ knowledge, within the context of the Physical Education classes in the face of the content provided; and, 2 – Possibilities and challenges in the implementation of the participatory planning proposal, in wich we seek to promote means of recognition of the problems, the exaltation of achievements and over this analyse and reflect on possible solutions, so as not to be only on complaints and we can make announcements. Thus we conclude, in general, the dynamics of the developd planning through participative strategies were very real allowing the corresponsibility of the students in teaching and learning process and the valuation of their knowledge, breaking the traditionally logic establiched to the school education, in other words, viewing the students as the ones who learn and the professors the ones who teach.
Biscoitos elaborados a partir de formulações alternativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-09) Almeida, Sabrina de Castro Penteado de; Felisberto, Mária Herminia Ferrari; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168866437746596; Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6860914685757646
Healthier products are becoming increasingly attractive to the consumer, requiring the study of alternative formulations in bakery products, in order to nutritionally enrich the product, without modifying its traditional characteristics. Due to the popularity and the consumption convenience of cookies, it becomes necessary to understand the impacts of these changes on sensory characteristics, as well as stability over time and the main microbiological threats present in these alternative formulations. Therefore, the goals of this work were to evaluate recent publications to understand the impact of the partial and total replacement of wheat flour by other functional ingredients, like fruits pulps such as caja and peach, as well as the addition of by-products, once considered residues, like fruit peels, fish carcasses, sugar cane bagasse, different flours (oats, corn, mycoprotein, broad bean, insect and young bamboo culm), coffee extract and sea grapes, cinnamon, insect oil and palm oil. From the review, it was noted the potential that several ingredients, common in the daily life, have to improve and add nutritional benefits to bakery products, without harming stability throughout shelf life or its sensory characteristics. In addition, it was analyzed different replacement levels of fat by hydrated chia seeds in cookies formulations. By the analysis of the cookies technological characteristics, such as texture analysis, water activity and moisture over time, it was possible to notice that this replacement by up to 40% did not impact negatively on the cookie characteristics.