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Análise técnico-econômica da produção de hidrogênio via reforma a vapor do etanol para a síntese de amônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Simionato, Arnaldo Agostinho; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327
The use of fossil fuels as opposed to the use of renewable sources or processes with lower environmental impacts is still guided, in general, by the lack of economically attractive solutions in the market to compete and justify applications with lower carbon emissions. In the context of the commitment to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases signed by the countries participating in the Paris Agreement, which aims to achieve, by the middle of this century, a maximum increase of 1.5°C in global temperature when compared to preindustrial averages, the need to change current energy matrices becomes evident. In this sense, several processes and new materials have been studied and, among them, hydrogen appears as an opportunity, given its importance, its volume produced and its main raw material, which is methane extracted from non-renewable natural gas deposits. In this way, the use of renewable sources to produce H2 allows obtaining an environmentally less aggressive chain of derivatives, such as the so-called “Green Ammonia”. In this work, a simulation was proposed, with the aid of the Aspen Plus® process simulator, of the steam reforming of ethanol from sugarcane to supply hydrogen to an ammonia production plant with the purpose of carrying out a technical analysis of the process, through thermodynamic and process simulations in which the temperature, the molar ratio between water vapor and ethanol and the operating pressure were varied, as well as a preliminary economic evaluation, in order to verify its feasibility when compared to the current methane steam reforming process. In short, it was found that the predominant reaction route in the Ni-Al lamellar double hydroxide catalyst used in this work involved a significant formation of methane in its intermediate reactions and, consequently, the yield of hydrogen formation in the reactions was conditioned to the balance of CH4 with the other species present in the reaction media. For the economic and process evaluation, three operating conditions that contemplated the particularities of H2 production addressed throughout the work were evaluated and the one with the lowest cost, whose value was USD4.55/kg H2, operated with the reformer at 900°C, 20 bar and molar ratio between steam and ethanol equal to 8. This production cost represents a value approximately twice as high as the cost of production via steam reforming of methane and this is mainly due to the cost of ethanol.
Novos investidores pessoa física na bolsa brasileira e a regulação da CVM: uma análise entre 2013 e 2023
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Oliver, Jonathan Martins; Carrara, Aniela Fagundes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348376949393246; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-2344
Since mid-2018, the Brazilian capital market has witnessed a significant increase in the number of individual investors in the stock exchange environment. In light of this scenario, the present study aims to conduct a descriptive analysis of the profile of new investors in the Brazilian stock exchange environment and to evaluate the response of the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil (CVM) in the face of the growing interest of individual investors in the Brazilian capital market, particularly in the opportunities offered by the stock exchange. This is done in order to comprehend how the institution has been working to ensure an environment of stability and confidence. In pursuit of the stated objective, a bibliographical review will be conducted on the organization of the Brazilian National Financial System, highlighting the Securities and Exchange Commission, elucidating its functions and significance for the overall system. Furthermore, a theoretical foundation will be established concerning market efficiency and the importance of information, alongside a descriptive analysis of the profile of the new investors. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of qualitative data will be structured, pertaining to the CVM regulations regarding these new investors. One of the main outcomes obtained highlights the CVM's concern for the new investors, particularly regarding their access to appropriate and high-quality information.
Rastreio da sarcopenia e fraqueza muscular respiratória em idosos hospitalizados em um Hospital Universitário do interior de São Paulo - uma contribuição para a intervenção da fisioterapia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Silva, Ana Caroline Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0104886088821769; Garcia-Araujo, Adriana Sanches; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9817699180689065; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-6240; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9817699180689065; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-6240
With the increase in longevity in recent years, the association of comorbidities and clinical manifestations, such as frailty and sarcopenia, have acquired exponential importance, since with the aging process there is a gradual reduction in functional capacity, directly impacting quality of life of the elderly. In the context of hospitalizations, the loss of functionality and muscle strength is accentuated. In that In this sense, tracking the incidence of these conditions can provide support for specific intervention proposals for elderly people hospitalized with sarcopenia and muscle weakness, thus minimizing the losses caused by hospitalization in this population. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of sarcopenia and respiratory muscle weakness in elderly people hospitalized at the University Hospital. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional and observational study. Study prospective, transversal and observational. Hospitalized elderly people over the age of 60 were recruited. Functional performance was assessed by the 6-meter Gait Speed Test (MVT), respiratory muscle strength through manovacuometry using Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), in addition to peripheral muscle strength using Palm Grip Dynamometry (HPP). In addition to collecting clinical, nutritional, comorbidity and cognitive status data. Results: 28 elderly people with a mean age of 71 ± 9 years were evaluated, 18 of whom were men (64.28%). The risk of sarcopenia was present in 51.57% of the elderly people evaluated, while the confirmation and severity of sarcopenia was observed in 4 elderly people, 14.28% of the total sample. Functional performance was low in 92.85% of the elderly and the majority had reduced peripheral and respiratory muscle strength when compared to predicted values. Furthermore, nutritional status showed a statistically negative correlation with sarcopenia and a positive correlation with HGS. Conclusion: In screening, the risk of Sarcopenia was present in more than half of the elderly people evaluated and confirmed in 4 elderly people. Furthermore, most elderly people have low functional performance and compromised nutritional status. Nutritional status was positively associated with handgrip strength and negatively associated with the risk of sarcopenia
Controle de Eleusine indica pelo herbicida pendimethalin sob diferentes quantidades de palha e após diferentes períodos de seca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Biazotto, Paulo Gabriel; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-1861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4514465923138081
In this work, the objective was to evaluate the effect of pendimethalin on Eleusine indica in different periods of drought and with different amounts of rain, in order to observe whether it would be an option in controlling this weed, which is already resistant to herbicides, such as glyphosate itself. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, for each amount of straw, in a 5 x 4 scheme, with four replications, with 5 rain depth simulations (0, 10 and 20, 10/10 and 20/20 mm) and 4 periods of drought (0, 10, 20, 40 days after application), in addition to controls without application of the product. The herbicide pendimethalin was applied to straw or directly to the soil at a commercial dose of 1365 g a.i. ha-1. It was observed that the best control parameters were obtained when applied directly to the soil, with a dry period of 0 days. It was also assessed that in other dry periods the best behavior was with a rainfall depth of 20 mm.
Alfabetização em tempos de BNCC: o que dizem professores e professoras alfabetizadoras?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Sigolo, Sthefany; Sisla, Heloisa Chalmers; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446133131561056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5036391250518699; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7960-8647
The implementation process of Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) brought conceptual and structural changes to the literacy's cycle, reflecting on the teacher's concepts and practices. This research carried out an investigation into what literacy teachers say about literacy in BNCC, and aimed to analyse how literacy teachers understand, conceive and practice literacy, considering the implementation of the Base and the institutional contexts, curriculum policies and practical experiences that permeate it. The investigation was supported by the theoretical contributions of Soares (2006, 2009, 2021 a, b, c, d) and Mortatti (2010, 2013) on literacy, and of Gimeno Sacristán (2013, 2017) and Young (2007, 2014) about the curriculum. Therefore, a qualitative research was developed, whose data were collected from a documental analysis of the Base regarding literacy in the two first years of Elementary School, as well as the conduction of semi-structured interviews with literacy teachers who worked with literacies classes in the past five years in a peripheral public school in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo. In the results, regarding literacy, was observed a conceptual backward's movement of BNCC and, from the statements of the interviewees, stands out the little significant participation of the literacy teachers in the curriculum reformulation process, the self-reinterpretation that the teachers give to the curriculum in their literacys pratices, and the need of continuing education, institutional support and collective planning.
Análise comparativa entre técnicas de aprendizado de máquina aplicadas para a predição de preços de produtos hortifrutícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Godinho, Rodrigo Lemos; Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9097860814221584
Family farming is characterized as any form of land cultivation managed by a family, employing its own members as the main labor force. Most agricultural establishments in Brazil fit this definition, however, the area occupied by these farmers and the available resources are much smaller compared with that of large agricultural companies. With limited area and resources, it is extremely important that small farmers are able to optimize their production to ensure the sustainability of their business. The objective of this work is to study and compare the performance of different machine learning techniques in the task of predicting time series of horticultural products prices for short term periods, in order to help small farmers to negotiate a fair price for their merchandise. From the results obtained by the induced models, it was possible to conclude that the Random Forests, Support Vector Regression and Long Short-Term Memory techniques have a similar performance in the task of predicting prices of fruits and vegetables. In addition, the models have the potential to be used as tools capable of assisting producers when selling their merchandise.
An initial investigation of ChatGPT unit test generation capability
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Guilherme, Vitor Hugo; Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-1672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080411869714148; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5868-290X
Software testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of software, but developers often disregard it. The use of automated testing generation is pursued with the aim of reducing the consequences of overlooked test cases in a software project. Problem: In the context of Java programs, several tools can completely automate generating unit test sets. Additionally, there are studies conducted to offer evidence regarding the quality of the generated test sets. However, it is worth noting that these tools rely on machine learning and other AI algorithms rather than incorporating the latest advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs). Solution: This work aims to evaluate the quality of Java unit tests generated by an OpenAI LLM algorithm, using metrics like code coverage and mutation test score. Method: For this study, 33 programs used by other researchers in the field of automated test generation were selected. This approach was employed to establish a baseline for comparison purposes. For each program, 33 unit test sets were generated automatically, without human interference, by changing Open AI API parameters. After executing each test set, metrics such as code coverage, mutation score, and success rate of test execution were collected to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of each set. Summary of Results: Our findings revealed that the OpenAI LLM test set demonstrated similar performance across all evaluated aspects compared to traditional automated Java test generation tools used in the previous research. These results are particularly remarkable considering the simplicity of the experiment and the fact that the generated test code did not undergo human analysis.
Materiais de comunicação não-violenta e educação socioemocional: prevenção de violência nas escolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Aquino, Isadora Virgílio Tomaz de; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
The present research aimed to show and discuss two materials, one that addresses Non-Violent Communication (NVC) and the other about socio-emotional education, in order to understand how these two aspects help the violence prevention in schools. So, the research is characterized as a qualitative documentary research, based on five main authors. Through two studies, it was possible to identify that the practices of NVC and emotional education make it possible to promote a non-violent education, which, using daily socio-emotional skills in educational institutions, allows the reduction and prevention of violence in school settings, physical, verbal or psychological. It was concluded that, before teaching, the teacher should practice the emotional and NVC skills, so that they can help the student in their healthy development process, promoting non-violence.
Análise de metodologias e estratégias de testes de API rest: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Fujiwara, Bruno Keichi; Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-1672
The present work aims to present an analysis of API testing types, their characteristics, and the importance of these tests to ensure API quality. In addition, the concept of Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) and how it can be applied in API testing will be addressed. Some tools that can be used to implement BDD in API testing will also be presented, as well as a comparison between BDD techniques and automated API testing. The results indicate that API testing is essential to ensure API quality, as it allows verifying if the application meets the specified requirements and is functioning correctly. The use of BDD in performing these tests brings several benefits, such as greater clarity in communication between developers and clients, increased efficiency in bug detection, and ease of test maintenance. Furthermore, the comparison between BDD techniques and automated API testing demonstrated that both are important, complementary and can be used together to obtain better results.
Glycos – Sistema IoT de monitoramento de glicemia e auxílio à prevenção e ao tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Marubayashi, Fernando Ogata; Valente, Fredy João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8165518000687142; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-4787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8651823061594110; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2713-2461
Around 16.8 million according to the research done by the Internation Diabetes Federation. With this meaningful number in mid and utilizing concepts of Internet of Things (IoT) a device capable of measuring capillary blood glucose was created to assist with the treatment and self-care of people with DM or in states of pre-diabetes. The device also known as a glucometer also has the capability to connect itself to the internet though an integrated Wi-Fi module, which means that all measures are directly sent to a cloud server where the data can be kept in a database. The data consists not only of the blood sugar but also questions like "Have you been practicing physical exercise?" or "Are you taking the medicine correctly?" which allow an Artificial Intelligence technique to take place known as fuzzy logic. This technique is capable of predicting the glycemic levels based on past measures and the answers to the other questions, thus being able to say if there are chances of it raising, lowering or stabilizing. After the data treatment, the user along with their doctor and family members will have access to all the information though a Progressive Web App (PWA) that runs natively in the browser of any smartphone. With this easy-to-access data and a prediction made based on said data, the treatment and general service to patients with DM will be more agile, precise on the preventive measures and supply the medical staff with other point of views. Along the project, a number of tests were conducted in order to test the logic and quality of the system in a homologation process. The results prove that both the trend prediction and the system work well, and that it’ll be possible to move into tests with patients or real anonymous data in the future.
Educação em tempos pandêmicos: balanço da produção em periódicos do Brasil (2020-2021)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Santos, Isabella Rizziolli; Corrochano, Maria Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-6461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3891037253974531
The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze academic production in the field of education on the subject of the covid-19 pandemic, between 2020 and 2021, as a means of means of understanding the most prominent debates and discussions in academia on the subject topic. The methodology chosen for the research was a bibliographic review, carried out in Qualis Capes A1 and A2 journals in the field of education. From from the review, a total of 102 productions were found, which were grouped according to their central thematic axes. A total of 9 thematic axes were determined: Remote teaching: curriculum, practices, assessment and learning; meanings of school/education; differences/inequalities in the pandemic; Public/educational policies in times of pandemic; work perceptions of teachers/students; school and family; and negationism. The category was also created, which includes productions that could not be included in any of the most prominent themes. the most prominent themes. The results obtained from the survey show a great deal of interest in the themes of adapting pedagogical work to the new during the pandemic and on the terminology of distance learning modalities, but revealed a scarcity of productions discussing the effects of the pandemic on pandemic on students' learning and mental health.
Narrativas de professoras negras na intimidade do ambiente escolar: desdobramentos da lei 10.639/03 em torno do saber docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Pulhez, Elis Michele Romualdo; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5545018432248504
As a result of manifestations led mainly by black social movements, the mandatory teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history and cultures became a reality in Brazil through the Law number 10.639/03; which covered all institutions of primary education. The present study aims to analyze the narratives of black female teachers working in a city located in the State of São Paulo, attempting to highlight knowledge built in the school environment, potentially facilitating a better understanding and applicability of the law 10.639/03. This study intend to answer the following question: How can the knowledge produced through the narratives of black female teachers explain how the law unfolds in the in Primary Education schools? We assume that the knowledge of black female teachers can contribute to the understanding of the law 10.639/03. Their knowledge help make the law more present, active and less folkloric in the school environment, particularly when it comes to black and marginalized bodies. To accomplish the purpose of the study, the researcher assumes that racial democracy is illusory in our country (Brazil). The erroneous and, perhaps, naive perspective of this phenomenon hinders and damages the understanding and the praxis of the referred law. In order to communicate with anti-racist education in schools it is initially understood that the regulations of educational institutions promote a differentiation of the expression of the black body of the student; relativizing whether such expressions are due to the oppression that such body faces articulated by the privilege of the body that is not black. Employing a qualitative research approach, this case study gather information through analysis of narratives, memories and knowledge (written and oral) of black female teachers shared with the researcher. A semi-structured questionnaire was further used to characterize the participants, contextualizing the collected information with the research goals. The analyzed information highlighted the relevance of the place of speech of the black individual in the school environment, whether as a student or educator. The narratives bring rich facts and feelings from trajectories that experienced oppression in diverse scenarios throughout their education, including watchful and powerful looks that illustrate racism to be fought in society with the contribution of the law 10.639/03. Thus, through the research, the content identified in the narratives demonstrate questions that are paramount for understanding the importance of the applicability of the law as a way to identify structural racism in the school environment, representativeness of black culture, importance of ethnic-racial relations, and the deconstruction of the current social standards, among other desired advent issues of the law 10.639/03. These questions exemplify the need for laws aimed at the current theme, making these contents benchmarks in the formation and development of human beings. Furthermore, the narratives served as inspiration for the researcher to develop an educational product that used "comic strip" as pedagogical tool. Beyond illustrating, leading and not interrupting the participants' speech, the product may become a pedagogical tool in the future to introduce and establish dialogues about the referred law and its aspirations in the primary education schools.
Ampliação de unidade de conservação através da doação de propriedade privada como compensação de reserva legal: estudo de caso do parque estadual Carlos Botelho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Nilson, Fernanda Elise; Scarascia, Pietro de Oliveira; Toppa, Rogério Hartung; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1637-2840
The present undergraduate thesis seeks to report and describe, through a case study, the process of expanding the Carlos Botelho State Park by donating a private property as a form of compensation for Legal Reserve. In the scope of exploratory research, references to cases of expansion of Conservation Units were consulted, as well as sources that allowed establishing the relationship between compensatory measures and the management of Conservation Units, analyzing these facts from the perspective of three issues existing in Conservation Units considered by the study: geographic isolation, lack of land tenure regularization, and PADDD events. The examination of the judicial process, specifically addressing this case, and interviews conducted with some individuals involved, allow for a more detailed understanding of the theme and the analysis of various opinions from different perspectives. The results obtained from this data collection show all the procedures and legislation underlying this initiative, aiming to provide a foundation for the replication of the process, contributing to the management of protected areas and the promotion of environmental policies. It was also possible to identify the main difficulties and deficiencies in Brazilian legislation, particularly regarding Legal Reserves, highlighting the need to standardize legal procedures that allow for the regularization and expansion of protected areas with greater ease and technical foundations. The investigation of the legal bases and the judicial process on this case provides a replicable roadmap, reinforcing the idea of the need for strategic planning to connect the forest landscape, promoting biodiversity preservation and environmental sustainability in different locations. In this way, it emphasizes the feasibility and benefits of similar strategies for the environment.
Modelagem da fermentação alcoólica de uma usina sucroalcooleira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Okajima, Lucas Hideki; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
In the face of the challenge of climate change, the search for alternative energy sources that are economically and environmentally viable is necessary. In this paradigm, the production of ethanol through fermentation is of great interest, making the modeling and study of this process attractive. The objective of this work was to simulate the fermentation system of a sugarcane and alcohol plant, based on a plant located in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo. Several process variables used in this study were based on the usual operating parameters of the plant. The simulation was carried out using the EMSO simulation software. The simulation results were compared to industry data as a basis for comparison. The model was successful in in simulating the fermentation conditions. Subsequently, modifications were made to the feed parameters to evaluate changes in other fermentation parameters such as yeast growth rate and total fermentation time. This work can be expanded to cover more relevant fermentation parameters such as temperature and the formation of by-products alongside ethanol.
Efeito de íons cálcio e magnésio na estabilidade térmica do domínio N-terminal da Hsp701A
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Tejada, Amanda Helena; Pranchevicius, Maria Cristina da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4772148921558977; Borges, Júlio Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6033516785481779; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7918703070589237
Proteins are important for the homeostasis of organisms. For this to happen, they need to exist in their proper structure state and correct cellular location. In this context, it is given the importance of molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 family, proteins which are responsible for the quality control mechanism of protein folding, transport of them to cellular compartments, prevention of the formation of protein aggregates, among others. Therefore, defects in Hsp70 proteins may be related to several human pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and even some types of cancer. An important example of a member of this protein family is Hsp701A. This protein has two domains, the NBD, which binds to the nucleotides ATP and ADP, and the PDB, which binds to the client protein. In the present study, experiments were carried out to verify the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of the recombinant NBD of Hsp701A in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and ATP and ADP nucleotides. For this, the protein in question was expressed by a recombinant bacterial system, purified by two chromatography steps and then analyzed. Thus, it was verified that Hsp701A_NBD was produced in its pure, monomeric, folded and catalytic active state. In this context, it was possible to verify that the presence of divalent ions did not cause a significant change in the secondary structural content of the domain. In addition, it was also noticed that ions and nucleotides cause suppression of fluorescence, indicating complex formation. Moreover, in the presence of Ca2+, there was a shift of fluorescence to a region of higher energy, an increase in the thermal stability of the protein and an increase in the catalytic activity of breaking down ATP into ADP and Pi. Furthermore, calcium acts on molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 family increasing the affinity of NBD for ADP, which results in a slower release of client proteins. Therefore, the biophysical, hydrodynamic and biochemical evaluations demonstrated that the Hsp701A_NBD domain was pure, monomeric, folded and catalytically active and that changes in the presence of Ca2+ were more pronounced.
Análise de desempenho de métodos de trilateração baseados em RSSI utilizando tecnologia LoRa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Costa, João Deluca Figueiredo; Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7502299289049868
Advances in wireless technology improved its accessibility by most electronics, today it is relatively easy to find top shelf microcontrollers that use one or more wireless technologies, and those are often used in a wide range of applications. It is in this context that the Internet of Things (IoT) is present and is expanding exponentially, so, one not-so-obvious way to take advantage of this infrastructure, is to utilize the communication itself for the system localization, applying wave propagation models and trilateration methods. Thus, by searching for models and methods that can generate good accuracy and precision, this project brings a methodology to compare 4 different position estimation algorithms, based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) that are commonly used in the literature: Wheighted Centroid Localization (WCL), Modified Centroid Localization Algorithm (MCLA), MinMax algorithm and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE). A fifth algorithm was developed based on the MMSE, considering the two metrics, accuracy and precision, and it was also compared to the other 4 methods. The implementation was done using a new technology that integrates well with Internet of Things, called Long Range (LoRa), so the wave propagation equation was modeled using empiric data of this communication RSSI. After the model step, the 5 trilateration algorithms were simulated through a series of different scenarios, varying the known anchor-node quantity in each step. Finally, all the methods were tested empirically using low cost LoRa hardware in a experimental campaign at an open field with no obstacles. The real results are compared with the simulation and the performance of each algorithm is analyzed.
Segmentação de lesões de esclerose múltipla utilizando clusterização iterativa em imagens estruturais de ressonância magnética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Bordin, Rafael Rodrigues; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-2553; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2714964043031028
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes vision, mobility and memory problems, which can lead the patient to serious locomotion difficulties. It is caused by damage to the myelin sheath. Analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images is essential for the diagnosis of MS. Depending on the imaging sequence, lesions appear hyperintense when compared to other tissues. Recent studies use computer vision, image processing and machine learning techniques with the aim of automatically segmenting these lesions and facilitating the diagnosis of MS. This work presents a technique based on the iterative execution of clustering algorithms on FLAIR-type 3D MR images to segment areas containing injured tissue. This work also compares the K-Means and Gaussian Finite Mixture Model clustering algorithms in this task using Dice coefficient between the generated lesion masks and those delineated by a human expert.
Estudo da mistura de solvente em um tanque de recirculação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Lima, Leonardo Arruda; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-6075; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5308568816755346; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3028-6239
Solvents are of utmost importance in a wide array of processes, ranging from industrial applications to food production. The selection of pure solvents or solvent mixtures is based on their distinct properties, which directly impact their performance in various applications. The quality and applicability of solvents are inherently intertwined with the mixing process, which encompasses the uniform distribution of components across different liquid phases. To achieve this, agitators and mixers are employed in the production of solvent mixtures. One promising approach for achieving effective mixing involves the use of recirculation tanks, which induce turbulence within the inlet pipeline. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving mixing is pivotal for optimizing both efficiency and safety in industrial processes. This study aims to delve into the mixing process of ethyl acetate and ethanol in a recirculation tank, employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis through the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ software. A variety of geometries and recirculation rates were evaluated to ascertain mixing efficiency, accompanied by an analysis of energy consumption to evaluate process feasibility. Based on the collected data, it was evident that increasing the projection of the inlet jet into the flow enhances both the agitation volume and the solution's mixing. Moreover, elevating the flow velocity results in a more uniform mixture, thereby leading to a higher energy consumption within the system.
Custos de transação no setor sucroalcooleiro no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Giuffrida, Pedro Antônio Rocha; Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
This work seeks to analyze the transactions in the different links of the sugar and alcohol sector, since it is an environment rich in cases to be studied from the perspective of Transaction Cost Economics. The work carries out a bibliographic review of the investigated theme, considering dissertations and scientific articles related to transaction costs in the sugar and alcohol sector. The goal of the work is to verify which forms of governance are most used in the different links of the sector, to observe the levels of asset specificity, uncertainty and frequency of transactions (if they are high, low or medium levels). Through the analyzes of several authors in the main links involving the production and transformation of sugarcane, it was possible to identify that, in the different regions of Brazil, the agents involved in the sector mostly make decisions that corroborate with the assumptions of Cost Economy of Transaction. It was identified that for all links the transactions bring considerable levels of uncertainty and specificity of the asset, the frequency also proved to be a relevant point in the agents' decision. Among sugarcane producers and mills, vertical integration has high adoption by agents, followed by transactions via contracts, but cases with spot market were seen especially for regions with a considerable number of sugarcane suppliers, demonstrating how the decision for verticalization or contracts is highly affected by market uncertainties. Among distributors and dealer stations, vertical integration was absent, giving space to transactions via contract and spot market. Between input suppliers and sugarcane producers and between mills and distributors, the hybrid form of governance (via contracts) was highlighted, but both also featured governance via vertical integration and the spot market.
Aplicação do biocarvão proveniente de resíduos de biomassas no tratamento de águas residuárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-29) Gonçalves, Giovana Santana; Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-1973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0905794458058015; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0905794458058015
Wastewater encompasses all waters used in various processes and discarded with altered quality, including domestic, industrial, agricultural effluents, and infiltration waters. They may contain chemicals and microorganisms harmful to human health and ecosystems, requiring treatment to mitigate adverse environmental impacts. While basic sanitation in Brazil has advanced since 1970, a significant deficit in access to wastewater collection and treatment still persists. In this context, biochar has emerged as a promising and sustainable treatment alternative, since it has a porous surface similar to activated charcoal, but with lower energy consumption and costs. Biochar can be derived from carbonized biomass originating from solid waste and agricultural biomass. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of biochar from diverse biomass sources in wastewater treatment, through a critical literature review. Studies involving biochars derived from orange peel, green coconut husks, beach almond leaves, woody plant residues, and sludge were highlighted. From the analyzed studies, it is evident that biochar generally yields favorable results in contaminant removal, such as 100% adsorptive capacity for pharmaceuticals and 46% removal of tartrazine. Furthermore, it was observed that the different biomass and pyrolysis conditions influences biochar's physicochemical properties, such as specific surface area, active functional groups, relatively structured carbon matrix, pH, and porosity. These properties are of great importance for the use of biochar in wastewater treatment, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate raw material for its production, according to the specific requirements of the intended application. Biochar can represent a sustainable, simplified, and cost-effective alternative for removing contaminants from wastewater, as evidenced by the use of orange peel-derived biochar, which repurposes a byproduct that would otherwise be discarded. However, it is important to encourage local income generation, foster startups, or establish internal departments within companies that intend to use biochar in effluent treatment or provide the product or service.