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Convergência espacial de homicídios no estado de São Paulo no período de 1980 a 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Fonseca, Gustavo Navarro Martins; Gomes, Alexandre; Gomes, Alexandre Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002157193962189; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6402691633642031
The growing concern about crime in Brazilian society has made it a central topic in recent political and economic discussions. This is because it affects the well-being of society and hinders economic development, resulting in numerous social costs, such as financial losses due to increased public and private expenditures to combat it. Thus, this study aims to analyze the spatial patterns of crime in São Paulo and, concurrently, test the hypothesis of convergence in homicide rates for the state's microregions. To achieve this, tools like Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and the Absolute β Convergence model are employed to examine the distribution of crime in microregions of São Paulo during the period from 1980 to 2020. The results of exploratory spatial data analysis revealed positive autocorrelation of criminality in microregions of São Paulo throughout all analyzed periods. The LISA indicators showed significant transformations in criminal clusters, with a shift of criminal activity from the capital region to the interior of the state. Additionally, a notable reduction in Low-Low clusters was observed, along with the emergence of new High-High and High-Low clusters in the interior of São Paulo in the recent period, signaling a process of crime internalization. The Absolute β Convergence model pointed to the occurrence of convergence in homicide rates in São Paulo, indicating a homogenization of homicide rates among microregions over the years. The convergence analysis also revealed an acceleration in the convergence process in the most recent period, potentially leading to a violence equilibrium for the state in the near future.
Análise de emoções em tweets de resposta a posts do ex-presidente do Brasil Jair Messias Bolsonaro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Assi, Fernanda Malheiros; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-8599; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6394842925871918; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-964X
In recent decades, several computational advances have allowed more democratic access to the internet and, consequently, to social networks. The reach of digital politics is vast, and Twitter’s role in this scenario is undeniable. This platform became a significant political debate stage, where citizens, leaders, and institutions interact directly. In Brazil, this dynamic is especially relevant given the intense activity of former president Jair Messias Bolsonaro on the platform. However, manual analysis of such a large volume of data is impractical and error-prone. For such textual data to be transformed into information, it is necessary technologies to extract and process it. The NLP offers valuable tools for the automated analysis of large volumes of text. Among these tools, GoEmotions stands out, a machine learning model that can identify 27 categories of emotions in texts. Thus, this work used GoEmotions, adapted for Portuguese, to categorize the emotions in tweets in response to former president Jair Bolsonaro’s tweets to understand which emotions predominate in this context. The analysis of the results showed a substantial imbalance in the presence of emotions in the corpus, with “anger” being the most predominant emotion. In addition, a varied performance of the model in the identification of emotions was verified, with greater precision in the identification of “anger”, but presenting challenges with complex emotions such as “admiration” and “curiosity”, especially in contexts of irony or sarcasm. These results point to the potential of NLP models in analyzing emotions in political tweets while also highlighting the need for continuous improvements to deal with language nuances.
Estratégias de gestão na Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Scarpa, Agatha; Mininel, Vivian Aline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557060516800427; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-5575; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4068190099720735; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-6133
Work in Primary Health Care was directly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, changing already consolidated practices and flows and requiring adaptation by the teams. Analyzing what was incorporated into the routine and brought improvements to the management process, from the perspective of managers, allows understanding the response to the challenges encountered in the reorganization of the work process and the adaptation of the Unified Health System to the pandemic context. Objective: understand the management strategies adopted by Primary Health Care managers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, with data collection carried out in a Technical Health Supervision in the city of São Paulo. Two homogeneous focus groups were conducted online, with four and five participants respectively, through the Google Meet platform. Data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, based on the theoretical framework of the Health Work Process. All ethical aspects were respected. Results: The data obtained allowed the characterization of the managers' work process, whose purpose is to provide users with quality health care in line with the principles of the SUS. To this end, managers transform the health needs of users, as well as the needs for organization and management of work (object), through structured knowledge, various instruments, such as computers, telephones, software, reports, regulations, meetings, interactions social, among others. Although health work in PHC involves several agents, this research prioritized managers as an analysis perspective. Based on the understanding of the work process, the analysis allowed coding into three categories and respective subthemes (i) Challenges for management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: mediation of the unpredictable situation and its consequences and conflicting management levels and vertical decisions. (ii) Facilities for management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: teamwork and collaboration. (iii) Management strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: information and communication technologies and adaptation of access aiming for Universality and Equity. Conclusion: with the COVID-19 pandemic, managers incorporated technological strategies and innovations in the organization of work to facilitate the maintenance of care for users and their interface with the health unit team. Such strategies made it possible to overcome the challenges imposed at the time and tend to be incorporated into health services, given their power in the relationship between staff and users.
Biorremediação em ambiente aquático com sistema em fluxo com a utilização de biofilme
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Miyasato, Ana Carolina de Oliveira; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7763586603653450
Currently, bioremediation has been widely used within the area of biotechnology along with the use of biofilms as bioremediators. Bacterial biofilms have an important bioremediation property in contaminated environments and/or with a high concentration of nutrients. This research aimed to carry out bioremediation in the lagoon of the Federal University of São Carlos, in Araras, a place that may contain concentrations of toxicity, coming from pesticides from surrounding plantations, heavy metals and/or fertilizers, with the objective of this research being to produce bacterial biofilms. and evaluate their effectiveness in treatment using two microorganisms: AL (acronym derived from the orange-yellow color, as it has no identification) which has a yellow color around the orange middle with a gelatinous appearance and BN (acronym derived from the neutral white color, as it does not have identification) which has a “finer” white appearance with a more transparent surrounding. The microorganisms were cultivated on two types of surfaces, on sugarcane bagasse (natural) and polyurethane foam (synthetic). Both substrates were subsequently used as immobilizing matrices as bioremediators in a flow system based on a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). After the bioremediation tests, toxicity tests were carried out using Allium cepa roots in contact with solutions resulting from bioremediation, untreated raw water and control (distilled water) totaling six bulbs, one for each solution, using growth as a parameter ( uncontaminated solution) or stagnation of root growth (contaminated solution). Of the six tests with Allium cepa, two resulted in total growth stagnation, one of them being the raw untreated water solution from the lake, leading to the conclusion that the test aquatic environment has some type of toxicity. And in relation to the amount of biofilm adhered to each type of substrate, BN and AL microorganisms presented the same amounts of biofilm adhered to each type of substrate, with the polyurethane substrate proving to be more efficient than sugarcane bagasse. -sugar in approximately 100% of adhered solids, probably due to the properties of the lignin contained in sugarcane bagasse. This study proved to be important in relation to discoveries in the area of bioremediation and could contribute to future studies in the areas of microbiology, ecotoxicology and bioremediation; the possibility of using a natural substrate as a material for biofilm immobilization, cell immobilization and use in fermentation processes.
Notas desarmônicas: possibilidades de atuação e vivências dos graduados em música
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Toscano, Ana Beatriz Barbosa; Pires, Aline Suelen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8455247942095387
This research aimed to investigate the possibilities of professional performance of graduates from the music university course, as well as the perceptions of these subjects regarding their employment. The proposal was to verify how precariousness and flexibility, characteristics of the universe of contemporary work and artistic activities in particular, are present in the practice of their work/artistic activities, as well as understanding how their insertion in the labor market occurs. work, what are the main activities carried out and how they are experienced. The study has a qualitative character and was carried out through trajectory analysis, conducted through biographical interviews in the format of life stories and oral reports, in order to extensively analyze these trajectories and capture the training paths and work activities carried out. The interlocutors graduated from the Music Degree course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar).
Caracterização morfológica dos pequenos mamíferos não voadores da estação ecológica Santa Bárbara, SP: Um fragmento de cerrado no sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Felicio, Giovana Ribeiro; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3602265080187406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-6243
The Cerrado is characterized by a mosaic of vegetation, this diversity of habitats, in turn, is responsible for the vast wealth of small mammals present in the domain, which includes both species associated with forest formations and those specialized in open areas. Given that the Santa Bárbara Ecological Station, in the state of São Paulo, is one of the few conservation units located in the south of the domain that still preserves this mosaic of physiognomies, it represents a key area for the conservation and understanding of the biogeography of these mammals and of the Cerrado. In this context, the objective of this study was to morphologically characterize and taxonomically identify the marsupials and rodents of this region, contributing to increasing knowledge regarding the occurrence, geographic distribution and morphological variation of this group in the southern portion of the Cerrado. The analyzed material is preserved in the Mammal Systematics Laboratory at UFSCar, Sorocaba campus. The specimens were classified according to sex and age class and examined for qualitative and quantitative external morphology and craniodental characteristics. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained and expressed in the form of comparative tables, generating standard statistical data (mean, maximum and minimum values, standard deviation) of the variables analyzed for each species. Between 2017 and 2021, monthly expeditions were carried out to sample mammals, using capture traps in the “Sherman”, “Tomahawk”, Cage and “Pitfall” models. 247 specimens were collected, distributed across 17 native species, 11 species belonging to the Order Rodentia and 6 to the Order Didelphimorphia, with 135 adult individuals included in the morphometric analyses, of which 29 are marsupials and 106 rodents. The results reveal a high richness for the study area, and confirm the occurrence of the species Cerradomys scotti, expanding the record of occurrence of the species to the state of São Paulo, as well as for G. agilis, Monodelphis kunsi, Hylaeamys megacephalus, Oligoryzomys mattogrossae , Oxymycterus delator, Rhipidomys macrurus and Clyomys laticeps, which have few records in the state, restricted to its northern and/or western portion. Unpublished data for the state were represented by records of Cryptonanus chacoensis and Cryptonanus aff. chacoensis. These results contribute to increasing knowledge and the conservation of small non-flying mammals in this southern portion of the Cerrado, which stands out for being still little known, highly fragmented and represented by few conservation units.
A construção de um herói nacional pela grande mídia e suas implicações políticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Nascimento, Janaina Cicari Astorino; Iasulaitis, Sylvia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003
Most Political Science theorists attribute a unique role to the mainstream media in maintaining modern democracy. The present work aims to analyze the journalistic discourse about the Judiciary Field, from the perspectives of agenda setting and framing, identifying the process of construction of the figure of Sergio Moro as a national hero and his subsequent decline, as well as the relationship of this process with phenomena specific to Law, such as Judicial Activism, Judicialization of Politics and Politicization of the Judiciary. The method used was the Case Study, using the concepts already mentioned. It was possible to verify a direct relationship between the construction of this public figure and the phenomena of agenda setting and framing.
A timidez na formação dos intérpretes de libras: explorando a competência existencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Lazzarini, André Luiz; Silva, João Paulo da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111069189059770; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-435X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2539764834690332
This research aims to investigate one of the dimensions involved in language learning, namely existential competence (CALVO; BARQUERO, 2011). More specifically, we seek to explain how shyness can influence the process of learning Libras by interpreters of this language in training. Some questions to be answered are: i) To what extent personality development can be an explicit educational objective; and ii) If the trait of shyness can facilitate or hinder the learning of Libras. For that, a descriptive qualitative research will be carried out from a semiopen online questionnaire with students of the course who call themselves shy. With the analyses, we intend to describe, from the perspective of the students themselves, how the training course has dealt with personality issues and what are the strategies used by teachers and students to deal with these issues. The results demonstrated a possible lack of methodologies to deal with shyness during the training of translators and interpreters of Libras, placing the responsibility of creating strategies to deal with shyness on the student. It was concluded that it is necessary to approach the theme during the student's training, in a way that is not invasive and that allows the student to re-signify their experiences, it also exposes the need for the development of new research with this theme, given the scarcity of studies.
Influência da idade da cana-de-açúcar na detecção sorológica de Xanthomonas albilineans e avaliação da resistência de variedades à escaldadura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Cuba Maidana, Lourdes Belén; Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7565159133234118
Leaf scald disease (LSD) is one of the most important disease of sugarcane in Brazil. Two of the most employed control methods are the use of healthy seedcanes (seen in Chapter I) and resistant genotypes (seen in Chapter II). Laboratory diagnostic test is essential to obtain healthy seedcanes, and dot blot immunoassay is the serological technique employed for conventional planting. However, the adequate stalk age for sap extraction that provides reliable results in the dot blot method is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the stalk age that allows reliable diagnostic test of LSD. The variety employed was RB966928, infected with Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) at a concentration of 10^6 cfu/mL. Sap extraction for LSD detection commenced at eight-month-old canes. The results showed that nine-month-old sugarcane plants exhibited escape, indicating that sap from plants of this age is not suitable for a reliable diagnosis of LSD. In Chapter II, assessment of genotype resistance to LSD was carried out by bacterial population of three cultivars (RB867515, RB92579, and RB966928) grown in pots. The results demonstrated that the Xa population density provided more information on the pathogen's colonization, making it the most appropriate, especially because it resembles the type of pathogen dissemination that occurs by harvester in Brazil, enlighten the cultivar reaction to it. Two of the most cultivated varieties in Brazil (RB92579 and RB966928) are highly susceptible to Xa.
Documentação pedagógica como artefato formativo: uma narrativa da prática na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Moraes, Isabella; Tomazzetti, Cleonice Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4821077407620769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8049648173184650
This master's thesis, based on narrative methodology, located in a qualitative paradigm, has as its theme the pedagogical documentation that constitutes a democratic way of working and is inspired by the approach of Reggio Emilia. With practical and theoretical repertoire, based on references such as Mello, Barbosa and Faria, Rinaldi and Dahlberg, pedagogical documentation was defined as a practice that narrates and makes visible the daily lives of children and early childhood educators, with the possibility of legitimizing educational activities, creating space for participation and a source of training and reflection; as well as the other two key concepts of empowerment and democracy, supported by Freire and Moss. Still, this research comprises explanations about experience and listening related to the theme. The research of the theoretical body of this text follows a path that emerged according to the needs that emerged throughout its construction process. The initial idea of this investigation is based on practice, from a formative encounter with a text, which echoed for a while until the time came to give life to the research that aims to understand how the practice of pedagogical documentation generates empowerment process in the training of a childhood educator, guided by the following question of How does the practice of pedagogical generates empowerment process in the training of a childhood educator? This investigative intention is born through the feeling and complexity that emerge when working with/through the artifact of pedagogical documentation, so the relationship with empowerment, which is proposed, becomes relevant and new from the perspective of showing this form of work which is the pedagogical documentation. With this, the research created a possibility of revisiting and studying the past through the research data, which are the pedagogical documentation made by the researcher in the years 2019 and 2020, which had a formative role in bringing to light the complexity of working as an educator in Childhood Education.
Avaliação e proposta de formação sobre habilidades básicas para alfabetização de crianças com Trissomia 21
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Muniz, Joice Daiane; Galvani, Márcia Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6866106661255961; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-746X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9126356340687228; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-1181
Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21 (T21), is a genetic condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, which affects the cognitive and motor development of children with this condition. Learning the prerequisites for literacy is essential, as it involves developing skills such as auditory perception, fine motor skills, and language. These prerequisites are crucial for children with T21 to engage meaningfully in the literacy process. In this context, the present study aims to: (a) characterize teachers' opinions on the basic prerequisites for literacy in children with T21, as well as the implications of these perceptions on planning and pedagogical practice; (b) describe the development level of basic literacy skills in cognition, motor skills, and language; (c) create and implement a collaborative training proposal for teachers, focused on basic literacy skills for children with T21, considering the diversity in the school environment; and (d) evaluate the collaborative training proposal based on teachers' opinions.The study participants were two children with T21, one enrolled in the last stage of Early Childhood Education and the other in the 1st grade of Elementary School, along with their respective teachers. Data collection took place in two schools in a small municipality in the state of São Paulo. The instruments used in the research were: (a) lesson observation guide; (b) initial interview guide for teachers; (c) characterization guide for children with T21 regarding basic literacy skills prerequisites; (d) Motor and Cognitive Development Evaluation Form from the Operationalized Portage Inventory (IPO); (e) a basic literacy skills evaluation protocol based on the IAR; (f) a literacy skills survey protocol based on the Horizontes Method; (g) guide for the collaborative training proposal for teachers; and (h) final interview guide for teachers. The data collected were qualitative and analyzed through category development.The results showed that teachers encouraged the participation of children with T21 in the lessons and were aware that they needed to adapt their pedagogical practices to meet the children's needs, adjusting content and creating appropriate learning materials. Regarding the development level of basic literacy skills in cognition and motor skills, the data revealed that the children with T21 performed below the expected level for their age, with better results in motor skills. The development and implementation of the collaborative training proposal demonstrated the teachers' active involvement in reflecting on their pedagogical practices during the literacy assessment process for children with T21. The training proposal was considered significant in bringing theoretical knowledge related to pedagogical practice and sharing experiences about children with T21.The main considerations highlight the importance of collaborative training proposals, as well as reflections on teachers' opinions and actions regarding the assessment and development of literacy skills for children with T21. The study also emphasizes the importance of building lesson plans, pedagogical practices, and training specifically targeted for these professionals. Therefore, it is essential to create pedagogical practices that promote the literacy process for children with T21 through strategies that support learning, taking into account the collaborative partnership between general education teachers and specialized teachers. Finally, it is suggested that the findings support future studies and guide education professionals in planning, training, and pedagogical practice through collaborative work, ensuring that literacy skills for children with T21 are appropriately addressed.
Efeito da escaldadura-das-folhas em um campo comercial de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil e reação de variedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) González, Claudia Elizabeth Bogado; Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-0853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4048977560876735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-6223
Leaf scald (LSD) in the sugarcane industry in Brazil is a disease that, despite its prevalence in all producing regions of the country, has received insufficient attention. This disease, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans, represents a significant risk to crops due to its ability to spread quickly, mainly due to its latency state, which makes it a threat, especially in planting materials. In Brazil, there is no information about the damage caused by LSD in the country's commercial plantations, which has led to an underestimation of its impacts on the quality and production of the crop. However, it is important to highlight that studies have been carried out in other countries that highlighted the negative impact of LSD on reducing productivity. Therefore, it is essential to understand in detail the effect of LSD on Brazilian commercial plantations. At a global level, the use of resistant varieties is recommended as the main strategy to control the disease. However, due to the lack of sufficient information about the resistance or susceptibility of sugarcane varieties grown in Brazil, producers have difficulty opting for this control method. For this reason, the objectives of the work were to determine the effect of leaf scald on a commercial sugarcane plantation in Brazil and the reaction of the varieties. The comparison between two nearby fields of the same variety allowed us to estimate an incidence of LSD of 61% in the affected field, death of setts of 48.5% and weight loss of clumps of 57%. Furthermore, through decapitation inoculation, varieties RB92579 and RB966928 were classified as the most susceptible, while varieties RB975033, RB975952 and RB985476 were identified as the most resistant.
Estudo do consumo hídrico em atividade de lavagem de pátio contendo sólidos por descarga de água de reservatório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Camargo, Bene Eloi Mendes; Costa, Daniel Jadyr Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5666440995767109; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0213460022228998; Córdoba, Rodrigo Eduardo; Palhares, Julio Cesar Pascale; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1572300021689161; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0090239768989996
The water’s individual measurement is the way in which society has seen the possibility of acting with a resource’s rational management. The main tool on this front is the hydrometer, but the cost of installing this equipment for large-scale flows and larger diameter pipes makes it unfeasible to disseminate the tool for localized measurement. In this sense, it is opportune to study and develop alternative techniques for measuring flow, so that the present work meets this theme. The flow measurement technique was chosen by varying the water level in the reservoir, with subsequent simulation of data in an electronic spreadsheet, taking observed data as a reference, and with the aim of subsidizing the operational routine of a conventional activity found in the field, and also in urban areas, which is the washing of a yard containing solids from animal excretion. The objective of this project was to study a system for measuring water consumption in reservoirs based on the measurement of the variation in the water level and simulate its behavior to study criteria for stopping the discharge of the reservoir in the case of cleaning the livestock yard. This research is justified by obtaining knowledge about how a non-conventional way of measuring water consumption can be applied in an activity found in the field, with the advantage of having a lower cost when compared to a conventional way of measuring, which is the measurement using hydrometers. Diversification in measurement converges with current needs, aiming to stipulate clear criteria, so that it is possible to measure and rationalize water consumption in activities, directing them towards sustainable performance. An ultrasonic distance sensor was studied to measure the performance of the level variation inside a reservoir in order to study the flow. The flow inferred by the sensor was validated by mass method. Based on the discharge behavior of the reservoir on a pilot scale and some principles that govern the dynamics of the dragging of solids that are deposited on surfaces, simulations were carried out to define criteria that provide minimum conditions for cleaning the yard for livestock activities. The ultrasonic distance sensor presented results that were adjusted by the boxplot normalization method, thus being able to be modeled. The simulation showed reservoir discharge behavior outlining volume batches and fixed time intervals. A simulation of the criterion for stopping the discharge of the reservoir for cleaning the yard was also obtained, the minimum water column of 0.45 m in a reservoir of 4 m of water column. Simulations can offer support material for the rational management of water resources.
O jogo protagonizado e a atividade orientadora de ensino: vivências com noções geométricas na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Pinto, Lilian Aparecida Borges; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5530268053597378
According to Historical-Cultural Psychology, the role-playing game is the main activity of pre-school children, as it promotes the most important psychic changes in this phase. In it, social relations are reconstructed without direct utilitarian purposes, unlike what we are proposing here, when we use the game as a protagonist to provide experiences with geometry. Thus, having the game as the protagonist of the study, we aimed to analyze the possibilities of organizing the game as the protagonist, considering the AOE as a theoretical-methodological basis for the pedagogical activity, involving experiences with geometric notions in Early Childhood Education. The investigation characterized with a qualitative approach was motivated by the search for training for the pedagogical work with mathematics in Early Childhood Education, being guided by the following problem: Possibilities of organization of the game based on the principles of AOE in a pedagogical work with geometric notions. Before delving into the research question, we carried out surveys on CAPES journals and theses and dissertations sites to verify the existence of investigations that dealt with the theme that we intended to address and select references that could be used. During the study, we based ourselves on the Guiding Teaching Activity (AOE) to create the game with the Confectionery theme, which will also constitute an educational product that can be consulted by teachers. When playing the game, we used video recordings, images and notes to capture the information that was later analyzed. In order to establish the units of analysis, we interpreted the information captured in the development of the game with the literature used, the units being defined as follows: perceiving the clay from the senses – touch, sight and smell; elaboration of three-dimensional objects using clay; and creation of drawings two-dimensional shapes from three-dimensional shapes. The results indicate that the organization of the game played according to the assumptions of the AOE provided the children with the opportunity to experience geometric notions. We observed that in the attempt to interpret the roles correctly, there was an effort to solve the triggering situations, thus formulating reflections on the notions that were being developed.
Título do estágio: treinamento e gerenciamento - socioambientais e meio ambiente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Spido, Marcus Vinicius; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-1008; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2019178014295667
The internship plan covers working directly and interactively with projects that the company is involved in, with the following aspects: socio-environmental, socio-cultural and environmental education projects (both public and private categories), public management (assisting in actions aimed at the environment in municipalities that the company advises), preparation of management reports and proposals for new environmental projects. Therefore, the main objectives of the internship are to offer practical and marketing conditions for the execution of actions, programs and projects in municipal public management and with third sector entities.
A formação politica no material de sociologia e projeto de vida do ensino médio da rede estadual paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Chiló, Marcelo Cardoso; Almeida, Luana Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4647168712265513; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3688194217979471; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9564-7832
This qualitative investigation and documentary research methodology aims to understand the proposal for political formation present in the didactic material "Curriculum in Action" (2022) in the area of Human and Social Sciences of High School in the state of São Paulo, in the disciplines of Sociology and Life Project. To do so, we debate the context of high school and political education in youth. In order to understand what constitutes this formation, it was necessary to carry out a bibliographic survey that would subsidize the elaboration of a typology for political formation. Contextualized in the debate on youth and politics, discussions on “Education for Democracy” were mapped; “Aspects of Political Socialization in Youth”; and “Education as a Political Act”, based on which a typology was proposed for political formation containing: “Civic Formation”, “Democratic Formation”, “Self-promoted Formation”, “Emancipatory Formation” and “Self-made Formation”. Based on the data analyzed, it was observed that the “Curriculum in Action” tends to develop up to three types of political training: in Sociology, priority is given to Political Training of the Civic type, reinforcing the expository and content-oriented form of information about politics; there are times when the material tries to approach Democratic Political Formation, however, this depends on countless other factors that go beyond the didactic material for its effective practice; in Life Project, there is a strong presence of Self-made Political Formation, proving to be an instrument for evaluating young people's conduct and behavior linked to the conception of education conceived by business reformers. Finally, the emptying of disciplines in the humanities is concluded, since the option for the creation of a new curricular component to address themes close to the area is justified by an approach exempt from the critical look already offered by the Humanities and Social Sciences.
Questões que permeiam o gênero neutro, impactam a língua portuguesa e cruzam a língua de sinais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Nery, Victor Hugo; Rubio, Cássio Florêncio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8357993415342241
This research main objective is to establish a debate about the use of gender-neutral words in Libras, some signs that has this neutrality, as well the relation of the neutrality and minority groups. Through essay features, this work utilizes the already existing bibliography regarding the subject applied to oral languages, such as Portuguese, in order to develop the discussions, both academic and professional, around the neutrality in the Brazilian Sign Language, exposing the necessity of inclusive practices in the speech of the interpreter and translators. This essay tries to debate and think about the possibility of interpreters and translators became aware of the neutral signs, and consider them in their regular practices, adapting the speech in the act. Throughout the discussion, can be perceived that the subject is connected to an unexplored part of the deaf studies and sign languages studies. After the investigation, it is clear the absence of information and materials that discusses the subject in details.
Aprendizado multilíngue e multimodal para o português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Sato, Júlia Yumi Araujo; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-8599; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7606474803837458
This work explores the domain of multimodal machine translation, which is a process that combines information from different modalities – such as text, images, and audio – to perform translations between languages. Thus, this task aims to analyze the impact of various types of information associated with text and images. Building upon the Visual Translation Language Modelling framework (CAGLAYAN et al., 2021), we enhanced its capabilities to handle other language pairs and more complex scenarios related to the image-text relationship (SATO; CASELI; SPECIA, 2022). To evaluate the model’s generalization ability, we used the multimodal and multilingual corpus How2 (SANABRIA et al., 2018), which includes videos with English subtitles and crowdsourced Portuguese translations. Furthermore, considering that masking (i.e., the process of hiding visual or linguistic tokens during training) can enhance model understanding, as it requires predicting the hidden tokens based on the surrounding context, new masking strategies were proposed considering specific linguistic patterns and different semantic categories (SATO; CASELI; SPECIA, 2023). Extensive experiments in the Portuguese-English multimodal machine translation task demonstrate the effectiveness of the more informed masking techniques. In particular, we found that selective masking related to the ’person’ category significantly improves performance, indicating its crucial role in interpreting visual information. These findings offer insights into the model’s behavior and contribute to the development of more effective masking approaches in multimodal machine translation. Finally, it is worth noting that the approach proposed in this work achieved state-of-the-art results on the How2 dataset (53.1 BLEU) and provided valuable information about the interaction between images and texts in translation systems.
10 anos de balanço sobre Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Camargo, Daniel Ferraz de; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-3527
This study examines Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) policies in Brazil from 2012 to 2022, addressing the importance of this sector for sustainable development. Over this decade, three successive governments implemented different STI strategies, impacting the national scientific and technological landscape. The Dilma Rousseff government stood out for significant investments, while Michel Temer's government emphasized efficiency and decentralization. The Jair Bolsonaro government adopted an austerity stance, reducing support for the sector. Documentary analysis covers STI investment data and innovation indicators. It is concluded that Brazil faces significant challenges, such as the need to increase investment, improve infrastructure, and promote an innovation culture to drive scientific and technological development.
Identificação de microalgas de água doce: construção de banco de dados e avaliação de interações planctônicas através de MALDI-TOF MS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-30) Mello, Rodrigo Ventura de; Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-2255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9229998934829124
Freshwater microalgae constitute a very diverse group with major ecological importance. However, the delimitation of species in some groups remains inconclusive. The absence or difficulty of recording sexual reproduction in the group implies the need to use other species concepts in addition to the biological concept. The integrative approach, which includes morphological, chemotaxonomic, biomolecular analyses, and physiological and ecological data, is proving increasingly important for a better delimitation of microalgae species. The inclusion of the ecological concept of species in the integrative taxonomy allows a better understanding of the functional diversity of these organisms. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a tool with potential for distinguishing strains and species of microalgae, but databases with reference spectra of microalgae are nonexistent. Thus, we implemented a database with 23 axenic strains and tested its ability to identify strains and species of microalgae in an open-source software. The identification by spectra similarity showed a satisfactory ability to differentiate strains and species, even with cultures performed under different abiotic conditions. We also compared the MALDI-TOF MS spectra of 18 strains of closely related species grown in axenic conditions with the spectra of the same strains in different treatments with two bacteria, to integrate ecological data – of species interaction – in the specific delimitation of a family of coccoid green microalgae. Strains of A. densus and A. fusiformis showed similar responses of metabolite production when cocultured with bacteria. Two strains, CCMA-UFSCar 131 and 024, were shown to be possibly a new species and a case of misclassification, respectively. The spectra database can be of great help in the rapid identification of microalgae. Together with the ecological data, the identification by MALDI-TOF MS can help in the complex specific delimitation of freshwater green microalgae.